Boosting NAD preferentially blunts Th17 inflammation via arginine biosynthesis and redox control in healthy and psoriasis subjects

Acknowledgments We thank Myron Waclawiw of the NHLBI Biostatistics Branch for assistance with the clinical protocol design, Chromadex for supplying NR and matching placebo capsules for the in vivo study and NR powder for the cell culture studies, and an NIH Bench-to-Bedside award for supplemental funding. We additionally thank Dr. Nina Klimova, formerly of the NHLBI, and Dr. Yun-Wei A. Hsu for their support of the metabolomics analysis at the Northwest Metabolomics Research Center of the University of Washington (NIH grant 1S10OD021562-01). We thank and acknowledge the assistance of the NHLBI DNA Sequencing and Genomics Core in performing the RNA library sequencing and Dr. Pradeep Dagur in the NHLBI Flow Cytometry Core for performing the immunophenotyping. Trial registration was as follows: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01934660, NCT02812238, and NCT01143454 and NIH Clinical Center blood bank (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT00001846). This work was supported by the NHLBI Division of Intramural Research (ZIA-HL005102 to M.N.S.), NIH Bench-to-Bedside award (HL-129510-04S1 to M.N.S. and R.T.) and the NIH Office of Dietary Supplements (J.T.), the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (RYC2018-026050-I and PID2019-105665RA-I00 to J.T.), and the UK MRC (MR/P011705/2 and UKDRI-5002 to J.L.G.; MAP UK).Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Human Stress Affects Indoor Aerosol Microbial Communities

The quality and safety of the air we breathe is essential to maintaining public health. As humans spend more time indoors, understanding the inside environment that we create and live in (otherwise known as the “built” environment) becomes crucial. In this study, the impact that stress has on the air in a classroom was examined. The air from two locations, one indoor and one outdoor, was sampled over two months. The groups of microorganisms inhabiting the same air living space - bacterial aerosol communities - of both locations were characterized and analyzed with each other for interaction. In addition, indoor samples were analyzed for the effects of academic stress. Stress was defined as high concentration of exams and papers due in the sampled classroom. Results showed that the environmental metrics of aerosol particle counts and turbidity measurements were significantly higher in the outdoor location, whereas genetic metrics of 16s rRNA abundance, p. acnes and class 1 integron (int1) Cycle Quantification (CQ) levels were not significantly different between locations. Outdoor and indoor bacterial aerosol communities were distinct from each other. Correlational analysis revealed no significant interaction occurring between the two locations indicating that all measurements in the inside location were not dependent on the outside location. Indoor air microbiomes had significantly higher levels of 16s abundance during stress weeks and higher turbidity in stress week 1 (as well as elevated levels of int1 and p. acnes genes) compared to normal weeks. Notable results include the detection of the antibiotic resistant gene, int1, in both indoor and outdoor locations