The Early Clinical Features of Dengue in Adults: Challenges for Early Clinical Diagnosis

Dengue infection in adults has become increasingly common throughout the world. As most of the clinical features of dengue have been described in children, we undertook a prospective study to determine the early symptoms and signs of dengue in adults. We show here that, overall, dengue cases presented with high rates of symptoms listed in the WHO 1997 or 2009 classification schemes for probable dengue fever thus resulting in high sensitivities of these schemes when applied for early diagnosis. However, symptoms such as myalgia, arthralgia, retro-orbital pain and mucosal bleeding were less frequently reported in older adults. This trend resulted in reduced sensitivity of the WHO classification schemes in older adults even though they showed increased risks of hospitalization and severe dengue. Instead, we suggest that older adults who present with fever and leukopenia should be tested for dengue, even in the absence of other symptoms. This could be useful for early clinical diagnosis in older adults so that they can be monitored and treated for severe dengue, which is especially important when an antiviral drug becomes available

Idosos asilados em hospitais gerais Long-term care elderly residents in general hospitals

Instituições de longa permanência para idosos interagem periodicamente com hospitais gerais para internações de casos agudos ou dos que necessitam de métodos diagnósticos complexos e da atenção de várias especialidades simultaneamente. A decisão de indicar hospitalização é multifatorial, sendo influenciada por circunstâncias como a gravidade do quadro clínico e a infra-estrutura das instituições de longa permanência para idosos. Internações hospitalares apresentam benefícios e riscos, como o desenvolvimento de iatrogenias, delirium e declínios funcionais, podendo resultar em piora do estado geral e da qualidade de vida do idoso asilado durante e/ou após a hospitalização. O objetivo do estudo foi abordar aspectos peculiares na avaliação, tratamento e manejo de idosos asilados em internações hospitalares, particularmente quanto a cuidados que os auxiliem efetivamente nessas circunstâncias. Discutiram-se situações freqüentes como delirium, iatrogenias, desnutrição, declínio funcional e cuidados paliativos e características próprias de residentes em instituições para idosos durante internações em hospitais gerais.<br>Long-term care facilities for the elderly have regularly to work together with general hospitals to provide care to acutely ill residents or when they require all together more complex diagnostic procedures and multi-specialty care. The decision to hospitalize a nursing home elderly resident is multifactorial and it is based on factors such as illness severity and care facility infrastructure. Hospitalizations have benefits and risks such developing iatrogenic diseases, delirium, and functional decline, which may deteriorate patients' general condition and their quality of life during and/or after hospitalization. This study aimed at addressing specific aspects of assessment, treatment and management of nursing home elderly who require to be hospitalized, especially focusing on their effective care. Common conditions such delirium, iatrogenic diseases, poor nutrition, functional decline, hospice care and special characteristics of nursing home elderly during their admission to general hospitals are discussed