Interval-valued fuzzy graphs

We define the Cartesian product, composition, union and join on interval-valued fuzzy graphs and investigate some of their properties. We also introduce the notion of interval-valued fuzzy complete graphs and present some properties of self complementary and self weak complementary interval-valued fuzzy complete graphs

Acute Hypotensive, Diuretic and Antioxidant Activities Induced by Urtica circularis

Aims: The aim of this study was to investigate the possible hypotensive and diuretic effects of ethanolic extract of Urtica circularis (Hicken) Sorarú (Urticaceae) using preclinical methods. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Universidad de Buenos Aires, from July 2015 to January 2016. Methodology: Effect on blood pressure and heart rate on anaesthetized normotensive and hypertensive rats were measured using Statham Gould P23ID pressure transducer coupled to a Grass 79D polygraph. Rats were placed in metabolic cages in order to collect urine. Urinary volume was measured and sodium and potassium concentration was estimated from each urine sample using indirect ion-selective electrode potentiometry. The vasorelaxant activity of major compound was studied using isolated aortic rings. Antioxidant activity was estimated measuring 2,2 diphenyl 2 picryl hydrazyl hydrate radical scavenging activity. Results: The intravenous administration of the extract of U. circularis (0.1–30 mg/kg) in anaesthetized normotensive and hypertensive rats caused a dose-dependent reduction in the mean arterial pressure without affecting the heart rate. The greater reduction of blood pressure induced by U. circularis was observed in hypertensive rats (30 mg/kg: Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat: -34.7±3.3 mmHg, Spague Dawley: -18.3±3.9 mmHg). Cumulative urinary excretions 24 h after treatment with the extract 100 and 300 mg/kg were 18.2±1.2 and 14.9±1.5 mL respectively, significantly higher than the control group (9.0±1.3 mL). The addition of cumulative concentrations of vicenin-2 (10-7-10-4M) generated relaxation in endothelium-intact aortic rings pre-contracted with 10–7M Phenylephrine (Emax = 66.2±3.5%). Extract showed antioxidant activity reaching 45% of DPPH scavenging activity at 1000 μg/mL, meanwhile the flavonoid reached 20% of scavenger capacity. Conclusion: U. circularis, has a diuretic, antioxidant and hypotensive effect. Vicenin-2, the major component of this extract showed vasorelaxant activity, potentially responsible for the properties of the extract.Fil: Rodriguez Basso, A.. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Farmacología; ArgentinaFil: Marrassini, Carla. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Farmacología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Anesini, Claudia Alejandra. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Farmacología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Gorzalczany, Susana Beatriz. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Farmacología; Argentin

Acute sodium overload produces renal tubulointerstitial inflammation in normal rats

The aim of the present study was to determine whether acute sodium overload could trigger an inflammatory reaction in the tubulointerstitial (TI) compartment in normal rats. Four groups of Sprague-Dawley rats received increasing NaCl concentrations by intravenous infusion. Control (C): Na + 0.15M; G1: Na+ 0.5M; G2: Na+ 1.0M; and G3: Na+ 1.5M. Creatinine clearance, mean arterial pressure (MAP), renal blood flow (RBF), and sodium fractional excretion were determined. Transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1), α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), RANTES, transcription factor nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), and angiotensin II (ANG II) were evaluated in kidneys by immunohistochemistry. Animals with NaCl overload showed normal glomerular function without MAP and RBF modifications and exhibited a concentration-dependent natriuretic response. Plasmatic sodium increased in G2 (P G2>C group. These results suggest that an acute sodium overload is able 'per se' to initiate TI endothelial inflammatory reaction (glomerular and peritubular) and incipient fibrosis in normal rats, independently of hemodynamic modifications. Furthermore, these findings are consistent with the possibility that activation of NF-κB and local ANG II may be involved in the pathway of this inflammatory process.Fil: Roson, Maria Ines. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Cavallero, Carmen Susana. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Della Penna, Silvana. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica; ArgentinaFil: Cao, Gabriel Fernando. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Hospital Alemán; ArgentinaFil: Gorzalczany, Susana Beatriz. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica; ArgentinaFil: Pandolfo, Marcela. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica; ArgentinaFil: Kuprewicz, A.. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica; ArgentinaFil: Canessa, O.. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica; ArgentinaFil: Toblli, Jorge Eduardo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Hospital Alemán; ArgentinaFil: Fernandez, Belisario Enrique. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica; Argentin

Pharmacologycal activity of peperina (Minthostachys verticillata) on gastrointestinal tract

Ethnopharmacological relevance: Minthostachys verticillata (Griseb.) Epling (Lamiaceae), known as Peperina is a medicinal native plant, with a traditional use as a digestive, antispasmodic and antidiarrheic. Aim Of The Study: Despite its folkloric use, no scientific evaluation of this plant related to the astrointestinal inflammatory process has been carried out to date. The present study aims to assess the effects of M. verticillata on gastrointestinal system in experimental models. Materials and methods: M. verticillata (250 and 500 mg/kg) was orally tested in a colitis model induced by acetic acid. Colon weight/length ratio, oxidative stress (oxidized and reduced glutathione), histological changes using Alcian blue and hematoxylin & eosin staining and expression of IL1β, TNFα, iNOS, COX-2 were evaluated. The effect of the extract in three additional in vivo models were studied: intestinal motility and diarrhea induced by ricin oil, and visceral pain induced by intracolonic administration of capsaicin. Finally, the activity on con centration response curves of acetylcholine, calcium chloride, potassium and serotonin were achieved in isolated rat jejunum. Results: In the colitis model, M. verticillata induced a significant reduction in the colon weight/length ratio, oxidative stress and expression levels of IL-1β, iNOS and COX-2. Also, the extract diminished the severity of microscopic tissue damage and showed protective effect on goblet cells. Intestinal motility, diarrhea, visceral pain-related behaviors and referred hyperalgesia were significantly reduced when the animals were treated with the extract. Furthermore, in isolated jejunum, M. verticillata significantly reduced the contraction induced by serotonin and acetylcholine. Likewise, the extract non-competitively inhibited the response-concentration induced by CaCl2 and inhibited both low and high K+-induced contractions. Conclusions: This is the first study to validate traditional use of M. verticillata for digestive disorders and demonstrated that its aqueous extract could represent a promising strategy in targeting the multifactorial pathophysiology of inflammatory bowel disease.Fil: Rodríguez Basso, A. Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Catedra de Farmacología, Buenos Aires, ArgentinaFil: Carranza, A. CONICET- Universidad de Buenos Aires. Instituto Alberto C. Taquini de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional (IATIMET), Buenos Aires, ArgentinaFil: Zainutti, V.M. Hospital Interzonal de Agudos “Evita”, Buenos Aires, ArgentinaFil: Bach, Hernán Gerónimo. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Recursos Biológicos; ArgentinaFil: Gorzalczany, S.B. Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Catedra de Farmacología, Buenos Aires, Argentin

Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of an aqueous extract of Chiliotrichum diffusum

The flowers of the Chiliotrichum diffusum (G. Forst.) Kuntze, Asteraceae, have long been used in traditional medicine and rituals. In this study, the anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activities of a decoction of the flowers were evaluated and a phytochemical analysis was performed by HPLC-DAD. In order to evaluate the antinociceptive activity, the acetic acid-induced abdominal writhing and hot plate tests were used. The anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated using carrageenaninduced rat paw oedema. The decoction induced a significant anti-inflammatory effect (inhibition of 56.0% at 3 h) and produced significant inhibition on nociception in the acetic acid test (ED50 35 mg/kg i.p.; ED50 709 mg/kg p.o.). In the hot plate test, the antinociceptive activity of the extract employed at 500 mg/kg i.p. was significantly suppressed by pretreatment with naloxone (5 mg/kg). HPLC analysis showed the presence of chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, hyperoside, isoquercitrin, quercitrin, afzelin, quercetin, apigenin and kaempferol. The decoction of C. diffusum proved to have antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects that may be related to the presence of the flavones, flavonols and phenolic acids identified. The opiod system seems to be involved in the mechanism of antinociception of the extract

Synthesis, analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of Piroxicarn analogs

Seis nuevas 4-hidroxi- 1,2-benzotiazina 3- carboxamidas 1,1-dióxido 2N sustituídas con restos alquilos funcionalizados (alcoxicarbonilalquil-, cianoalquil- y dialquilaminoalquil-) de estructura I, fueron sintetizadas y evaluadas en su actividad analgésica y antiinflamatoria. La actividad analgésica fue evaluada por el ensayo de contorsión inducido por el ácido acético utilizando ratones S.J.L. Swiss y la actividad antiinflamatoria fue determinada mediante el ensayo de la carragenina en ratas Wistar. En ambas actividades se utilizaron como referencia el W 7477 (Ig) y el piroxicam. Los compuestos más activos resultaron ser el 2- metoxicarbonilmetil- y el 2- etoxicarboniletil- xicarboniletil- 4-hidroxi-1,2-benzotiazina-3(N-fenilcarboxamid)-1,1-dióxido, Ia y Ib, respectivamente, con una actividad anti-inflamatoria similar al piroxicam pero de corta duración. En cuanto a analgesia fueron 3 veces más activos que el Ig pero 6 a 7 veces menos activos que el piroxicam. La funcionalización del 2 sustituyente aumenta el carácter acídico y la actividad analgésica frente al dolor de rápido comienzo, tal como las contorsiones, aunque no se encontró una correlación entre ambos parámetros.Six new 4-hydroxy- 1,2-benzothiazine-3-carboxamides-1,1 -dioxide 2N substituted with functionalized alkyl groups (alkoxycarbonylalkyl, cyanoalkyl and dialkylaminoethyl) of structure I were prepared and evaluated in their analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities. The analgesic activity was tested by the acetic acid-induced writing syndrome using S.J.L. Swiss mice and the anti-inflarnmatory activity was investigated by carragenin test using Wistar rats. In both tests, piroxicam and W 7477, Ig, were used as referente. 2-Metoxycarbonylmethyl and 2-etoxycarbonylethyl-4-hydroxyl- ,2-benzothiazine- 3 (N-phenylcarboxamides) 1,1-dioxide, Ia and Ib, respectively, were the most active compounds. Their anti-inflammatory actvities were comparable to piroxicam but of short action and their analgesic activities were 3 times more active than Ig but 6-7 times less active than piroxicarn. The 2- Me functionalized decrease the pKa values and increase the analgesic effect of rapid onset such as writing although no correlation was found between them.Colegio de Farmacéuticos de la Provincia de Buenos Aire