Partial Deconfinement

We argue that the confined and deconfined phases in gauge theories are connected by a partially deconfined phase (i.e. SU(M) in SU(N), where M<N, is deconfined), which can be stable or unstable depending on the details of the theory. When this phase is unstable, it is the gauge theory counterpart of the small black hole phase in the dual string theory. Partial deconfinement is closely related to the Gross-Witten-Wadia transition, and is likely to be relevant to the QCD phase transition. The mechanism of partial deconfinement is related to a generic property of a class of systems. As an instructive example, we demonstrate the similarity between the Yang-Mills theory/string theory and a mathematical model of the collective behavior of ants [Beekman et al., Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2001]. By identifying the D-brane, open string and black hole with the ant, pheromone and ant trail, the dynamics of two systems closely resemble with each other, and qualitatively the same phase structures are obtained.Comment: 27 pages, many figures. v2: reference updated, minor improvements. v3: comments added. v4: version published in JHEP. A few comments and references added. v5: Normalization error in eq.(14) has been corrected, descriptions in Appendix B and Sec.3 have been corrected accordingly. A few footnotes and references have been adde

Effects of Topping and B-9 Spray on the Nutrition of Cluster and Berry Setting in the Vigorous Shoot of Kyoho Grapevine

ブドウ,巨峰の強勢な新梢でははげしい花振い(開花期後の落果過多)が起きやすい. その結実を向上させるために,新梢の強い摘心(満開8日前)及びB-9散布(同14日前,2500ppm)を行い,小花の発育,花穂の栄養を調査した. 1)花らいの発育(乾物重増加)は強摘心によって著しく促進され,逆にB-9散布をするとやや抑制された. しかし,満開日における子房重はいずれも放任(無処理)区と差がなかった. 各区とも満開2または4日後から子房の発育が急速になったが,B-9散布区ではとくに著しかった. 2)放任区では小花の12.4%しか結実せず,果房は著しい｢バラ房｣になった. 強摘心区では44.1%が結実したが,果粒の約80%が無種子果で小粒になった. B-9散布区では26.7%が結実し,無種子果も少なく,商品性の高い果房が得られた. 3)B-9散布区では小花中の糖含量が満開日まで増加し,その後急激に減少した. 強摘心区ではその増加がわずかで,満開後は著しく減少した. 放任区では対照的に満開日以後の減少がごくわずかであった. 4)強摘心区では満開3日前に穂軸中の水溶性Nが急増し,小花でも満開2,4日後に水溶性及び不溶性Nが増加した. これらの急激に増加した水溶性Nはアミノ酸以外のものであった. B-9散布区では満開日に穂軸及び小花の水溶性N及びアミノ酸はピークに達した. 放任区では小花中の水溶性Nの増加はなく,満開日のアミノ酸も他の2区より少なく,とくにGlycine,Leucine,Isoleucine,Phenylalanineが少なかった. 穂軸中のアミノ酸も放任区では満開日に急減し,とくに主成分であるGlutamineは強摘心区の1/3,B-9散布区の1/5しかなかった. 5)P,K,Ca,Mg,B含量は小花,穂軸とも区による明らかな差がなかった

Development of a Si/CdTe semiconductor Compton telescope

We are developing a Compton telescope based on high resolution Si and CdTe imaging devices in order to obtain a high sensitivity astrophysical observation in sub-MeV gamma-ray region. In this paper, recent results from the prototype Si/CdTe semiconductor Compton telescope are reported. The Compton telescope consists of a double-sided Si strip detector (DSSD) and CdTe pixel detectors, combined with low noise analog LSI, VA32TA. With this detector, we obtained Compton reconstructed images and spectra from line gamma-rays ranging from 81 keV up to 356 keV. The energy resolution is 3.8 keV and 7.9 keV at 122 keV and 356 keV, respectively, and the angular resolution is 9.9 degrees and 5.7 degrees at 122 keV and 356 keV, respectively.Comment: 12 pages, 14 figures, submitted to SPIE conference proceedings vol. 5501, "High-Energy Detectors in Astronomy", Glasgow UK, 6/21-6/24 200

Partial Deconfinement

We argue that the confined and deconfined phases in gauge theories are connected by a partially deconfined phase (i.e. SU(M) in SU(N), where M < N, is deconfined), which can be stable or unstable depending on the details of the theory. When this phase is unstable, it is the gauge theory counterpart of the small black hole phase in the dual string theory. Partial deconfinement is closely related to the Gross-Witten-Wadia transition, and is likely to be relevant to the QCD phase transition.The mechanism of partial deconfinement is related to a generic property of a class of systems. As an instructive example, we demonstrate the similarity between the Yang-Mills theory/string theory and a mathematical model of the collective behavior of ants [Beekman et al., Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2001]. By identifying the D-brane, open string and black hole with the ant, pheromone and ant trail, the dynamics of two systems closely resemble with each other, and qualitatively the same phase structures are obtained