Flere på cykel i Kolding - ideer fra studerende på Koldings gymnasier hjælper kommunen til at nå målet for andelen af cyklende

Kolding Kommune arbejder bredt med cykling og søger nye former for samarbejde og processer for at komme helt frem i førerfeltet blandt kommuner med en stærk cykelprofil. Det er baggrunden for at projektet med de fire gymnasier blev etableret i foråret 2017. Projektet er en del af et supercykelstiprojekt imellem Kolding og Christiansfeld

Too much? Mortality and health service utilisation among Danish children 1999-2016:A register-based study

ObjectivesTo describe the temporal development of mortality and health service utilisation defined as in- and outpatient hospital contacts, contacts with general practitioner and specialists, and prescribed dispensed medication among Danish children 0-5 years of age from 1999 to 2016.DesignRegister-based descriptive study.ParticipantsAll children born in Denmark in the period 1994-2016 followed until 5 years of age.Main outcome measuresAnnual incidence rates of mortality and health service utilisation outcomes, and incidence rate ratios compared to the reference calendar year 1999. The new measure of post-discharge mortality is presented.ResultsPost-discharge mortality decreased from 1999 to 2016, IRR2016 = 0.49 (95% CI: 0.36 to 0.66). Total contacts did not change much over time, IRR2016 = 1.02 (1.02 to 1.03), but increased among neonates, IRR2016 = 3.69 (3.63 to 3.75), and decreased among children with chronic disease IRR2016 = 0.94 (0.93 to 0.94). In- and out-patient hospitalisations increased, IRR2016 = 1.26 (1.24-1.27) resp. IRR2016 = 1.62 (1.60-1.63), contacts with medical specialists increased, IRR2016 = 1.43 (1.42 to 1.43), whilst contacts with general practitioner decreased, IRR2016 = 0.91 (0.91 to 0.91). Medication use decreased, IRR2016 = 0.82 (0.82 to 0.82).ConclusionsOur measure of post-discharge mortality was halved during the study period indicating improved health. Overall health service utilisation did not change much, but the type of utilisation changed, and the development over time differed between subgroups defined by age and chronic disease status. Our findings call for considerations about the benefit of increased specialisation and increased use of health services among 'healthy' children not suffering from chronic disease

ForecastTB An R Package as a Test-Bench for Time Series Forecasting Application of Wind Speed and Solar Radiation Modeling

This paper introduces an R package ForecastTB that can be used to compare the accuracy of different forecasting methods as related to the characteristics of a time series dataset. The ForecastTB is a plug-and-play structured module, and several forecasting methods can be included with simple instructions. The proposed test-bench is not limited to the default forecasting and error metric functions, and users are able to append, remove, or choose the desired methods as per requirements. Besides, several plotting functions and statistical performance metrics are provided to visualize the comparative performance and accuracy of different forecasting methods. Furthermore, this paper presents real application examples with natural time series datasets (i.e., wind speed and solar radiation) to exhibit the features of the ForecastTB package to evaluate forecasting comparison analysis as affected by the characteristics of a dataset. Modeling results indicated the applicability and robustness of the proposed R package ForecastTB for time series forecasting.Comment: Published in Energie

Risk factors of post-discharge under-five mortality among Danish children 1997-2016:A register-based study

OBJECTIVES:Estimating associations between somatic and socioeconomic risk factors and post-discharge under-five mortality. DESIGN:Register-based national cohort study using multiple Cox regression. PARTICIPANTS:The population of 1,263,795 Danish children live-born 1997-2016 who survived until date of first discharge to the home after birth was followed from that date until death, emigration, 5 years of age or 31 December 2016. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:(A) Mortality hazard ratios (HRs) among all children, (B) mortality HRs among children without severe chronic disease, and (C) mortality HRs among children without severe chronic disease or asthma. MAIN RESULTS:In the total population (1,947 deaths) severe chronic disease was associated with mortality HR = 15.28 (95% CI: 13.77-16.95). In children without severe chronic-disease (719 deaths) other somatic risk factors were immature birth HR = 3.40 (1.92-6.02), maternal smoking HR = 1.84 (1.55-2.18) and low birth weight HR = 1.74 (1.21-2.51). Socioeconomic risk factors for mortality included: maternal age 35 years (similar for 30-35 years and 25-29 years), lowest vs. highest family income tertile HR = 1.76 (1.23-2.51), not living with both parents HR = 1.63 (1.25-2.13), maternal unemployment HR = 1.54 (1.12-2.12), presence of siblings HR = 1.44 (1.20-1.71) and secondary vs. tertiary parental education HR = 1.33 (1.07-1.65) for fathers and HR = 1.23 (1.01-1.52) for mothers. Factors not found to be associated with child mortality in this population included presence of asthma HR = 1.29 (0.83-1.98) and non-Danish ethnicity HR = 0.98 (0.70-1.37). CONCLUSIONS:Childhood death after discharge to the home after birth and before 5 years of age is a very rare event in Denmark. This 'post-discharge' mortality was heavily associated with severe chronic disease. In children without severe chronic disease, immature birth, maternal smoking and certain socioeconomic characteristics were noticeable risk factors. Mortality may possibly be decreased by focusing on vulnerable groups

The match between need and use of health services among healthy under-fives in Denmark:A register-based national cohort study

OBJECTIVES:To study a potential positive association (referred to as 'a match') between the need for health service (expressed by a mortality risk score) and observed health service utilisation among healthy Danish under-fives. Further, municipal differences in the match were examined to motivate focused comparisons between the organisation of regional health services. DESIGN:Register-based national cohort study. PARTICIPANTS:The population of 1,246,599 Danish children born 1997-2016 who survived until date of first discharge to the home after birth without a diagnosis of severe chronic disease. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:Hazard ratios (HR) for a doubling of the mortality rate were calculated for the following health services: total contacts, inpatient contacts (admission > 1 day), outpatient contacts, general practitioner contacts, specialist contacts, medication use, and vaccinations. RESULTS:The use of total contacts, inpatient contacts (> 1 day) and general practitioner contacts as well as medication matched with the mortality risk score, HRs between 1.027 (1.026 to 1.028) and 1.111 (1.108 to 1.113), whereas outpatient and specialist contacts as well as vaccinations did not, HRs between 0.913 (0.912 to 0.915) and 0.991 (0.991 to 0.991). There were some remarkable differences among the 98 Danish municipalities. CONCLUSIONS:We found some match between need and use for total contacts, inpatient contacts (> 1 day), contacts with general practitioner, and medication use although the associations were relatively weak. For outpatient and specialist contacts, the mismatch may be related to services not addressing potentially fatal disease whereas for vaccination there was a small mismatch. Our results indicate local discrepancies in diagnosis, and a low adjusted utilisation of hospital admissions in Aarhus compared to the other three major cities in Denmark suggests that a comparison of the organisation of services could be useful

30.000 ways to reach 55% decarbonization of the European electricity sector

Climate change mitigation is a global challenge that, however, needs to be resolved by national-level authorities, resembling a tragedy of the commons. This paradox is reflected at European scale, as climate commitments are made by the EU collectively, but implementation is the responsibility of individual Member States. Here, we investigate 30.000 near-optimal effort-sharing scenarios where the European electricity sector is decarbonized by at least 55% relative to 1990, in line with 2030 ambitions. Using a highly detailed brownfield electricity system optimization model, the optimal electricity system is simulated for a suite of effort-sharing scenarios. Results reveal large inequalities in the efforts required to decarbonize national electricity sectors, with some countries facing cost-optimal pathways to reach 55% emission reductions, while others are confronted with relatively high abatement costs. Specifically, we find that several countries with modest or low levels of GDP per capita will experience high abatement costs, and when passed over into electricity prices this may lead to increased energy poverty in certain parts of Europ

Computational thinking karakteriseret som et sæt af kompetencer: En begrebskortlægning

When ‘Technology Comprehension’ hits the classroom, teachers and students face a subject they are not yet familiar with. The subject is defined through curriculum and common goals. Many words and working methods are new. In this article, we focus on competencies related to computational thinking and how they have been defined in research. This is done to create a more nuanced language and understanding of the content of the area of competence. The article is based on a literature review of international research literature that discusses 'computational thinking' and competencies until 2018, when Technology Understanding was rolled out.Når Teknologiforståelse rammer klasseværelset, står lærere og elever overfor et nyt fag, de endnu ikke er bekendte med. Faget er defineret igennem læreplan og fælles mål blandt andet gennem kompetenceområdet computationel tankeg 1ang . I denne artikel sætter vi fokus på, hvilke kompetencer der knytter sig til computational thinking ved at undersøge, hvordan de er beskrevet og defineret i tidligere forskning. Formålet er igennem denne begrebskortlægning at skabe et mere nuanceret sprog for indholdet af kompetenceområdet. Artiklen bygger på en litteraturgennemgang af international forskningslitteratur, der omtaler ”computational thinking” og kompetencer fra 2013, hvor en større litteraturgennemgang blev fortaget, og frem til 2018, hvor forsøget om Teknologiforståelse blev udrullet i Danmark, samtidigt med at en lang række andre lande påbegyndte egentlig implementering af programmering og computational thinking i grundskolen