One-Pot Synthesis of Star Copolymers by the Combination of Metal-Free ATRP and ROP Processes

A completely metal-free strategy is demonstrated for the preparation of star copolymers by combining atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) and ring-opening polymerization (ROP) for the syntheses of block copolymers. These two different metal-free controlled/living polymerizations are simultaneously realized in one reaction medium in an orthogonal manner. For this purpose, a specific core with functional groups capable of initiating both polymerization types is synthesized. Next, vinyl and lactone monomers are simultaneously polymerized under visible light irradiation using specific catalysts. Spectral and chromatographic evidence demonstrates the success of the strategy as star copolymers are synthesized with controlled molecular weights and narrow distributions

Opinions of Kitchen Workers on Industrial Kitchen Planning

This study intends to reveal the opinions of kitchen staff on industrial kitchen planning, and survey technique, which is one of the quantitative research methods, was used at the stage of data collection. In this direction, descriptive analyses (frequency, arithmetic mean, standard deviation), Mann-Whitney U test -for the comparison of two groups-, and Kruskal-Wallis test -for the comparison of more than two groups- were applied on the data obtained from 354 kitchen staff working in five-star hotels operating in Istanbul. Statistical significance level was determined as p .05). It was determined that there was a statistically significant difference among the kitchen staff's educational status and industrial kitchen experience and their opinions on industrial kitchen planning (p < .05)

External beam radiotherapy for localized prostate cancer

Radiotherapy (XRT) is a curative treatment option for prostate cancer (PCa). Recent XRT technologies allow higher dose therapy that lead to increased local control with less adjacent tissue damage. Additionally, receiving neo-adjuvant or adjuvant hormonotherapy (HT) during radiation therapy increases the curative effect. The aim of this paper is to review the current literature and guidelines on external beam radiation therapy for PCa. However, brachytherapy and radiosurgery, a recently evolving relatively new technology for the radiotherapeutic management of localized PCa, are beyond the scope of this paper

Fullerene-Attached Polymeric Homogeneous/Heterogeneous Photoactivators for Visible-Light-Induced CuAAC Click Reactions

In this work, a visible-light -inducedcopper(I)-catalyzed azide alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) dick reaction via an electron transfer reaction employing fullerene (C-60) containing linear polystyrene and network polymer as homogeneous and heterogeneous activators, PS-C-60 and Gel-C-60, respectively, is described. Various low molar mass organic and polymeric azide and alkyne compounds are used to conduct the click reaction, and almost quantitative yields are attained. Compared to the bare C-60, the polymers with C-60, units exhibited a much higher promoting effect to catalyze CuAAC reactions

ADAPTIVE CASE BASED SECURITY FRAMEWORK FOR CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE PROTECTION By

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Diabetes in first manic episode

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı ilk manik dönem olgularında diyabet sıklığını araştırmak, diyabet ile maninin klinik özellikleri arasında bir ilişki olup olmadığını incelemektir. Yöntem: Bu çalışmaya DSM-IV tanı ölçütlerine göre mani ölçütlerini karşılayan ve bilgilendirilmiş onamları alınmış, ilk manik dönem tanısı alan 50 olgu ardışık olarak dahil edilmiştir. Tanı görüşmeleri SCID-I ile yapılmış, hasta bilgileri SKIP-TURK ile kaydedilmiş, mani şiddeti YMDÖ (Young Mani Depresyon Ölçeği) ile ölçeklenmiştir. Tüm hastalar açlık kan şekeri (AKŞ), HbA1c ve oral glukoz tolerans testi (OGTT) ile değerlendirilmiştir. Bulgular: İlk manik dönem tanılı olgular arasında diyabet %18 oranında saptanmıştır. Psikotik bulgu diyabet tanılı olgular arasında daha sıktır (p= 0.022). Bu olgularda YMDÖ puanları ile OGTT1 (r= 0.78), OGTT2 (r=0.57) ve HbA1c (r= 0.51) arasında güçlü ve AKŞ (r= 0.039) ile zayıf bir bağıntı saptanmıştır. Aile öyküsünün olmaması ve geç başlangıç yaşı diyabetin öngörücüleri olarak saptanmıştır (OR= 11, Cl %95 2.3-10; OR= 6.8, Cl %95 1.3-4.8). Sonuç: Görece geç başlangıçlı ve aile öyküsü olmayan manik hastalarda diyabet tanısı hatırlanmalı ve araştırılmalıdır

Visible Light-Induced Cationic Polymerization Using Fullerenes

A novel visible light sensitive photoinitiator system for the cationic polymerization of typical monomers, for example, of oxiranes, such as cyclohexene oxide, vinyl ethers, such as iso-butyl vinyl ether, and other vinyl monomers, such as <i>N</i>-vinylcarbazole, using fullerene derivatives is described. The cationic polymerization of these monomers was initiated at room temperature upon irradiation in the visible region (λ_inc > 400 nm) in bulk or chlorobenzene solutions with polystyrene-C₆₀ (PS-C₆₀) adduct or bare C₆₀, respectively, in the presence of oxidizing salts such as silver hexafluorophosphate (AgPF₆) and diphenyliodonium hexafluorophosphate (Ph₂I⁺PF₆^–). A feasible mechanism, as correlated with optical absorption measurements, free energy changes (Δ<i>G</i>), and proton scavenging studies, involves formation of exciplex by the absorption of light in the first step. Subsequent electron transfer from excited C₆₀ or PS-C₆₀ to oxidizing salt yields radical cations of the fullerene derivatives. Both radical cations and a strong Brønsted acid derived by hydrogen abstraction initiate the cationic polymerization of a variety of monomers