5,554 research outputs found
Loss terms in free-piston Stirling engine models
Various models for free piston Stirling engines are reviewed. Initial models were developed primarily for design purposes and to predict operating parameters, especially efficiency. More recently, however, such models have been used to predict engine stability. Free piston Stirling engines have no kinematic constraints and stability may not only be sensitive to the load, but also to various nonlinear loss and spring constraints. The present understanding is reviewed of various loss mechanisms for free piston Stirling engines and how they have been incorporated into engine models is discussed
Marshall v Madison: The Supreme Court and Original Intent, 1803-1835
Should the justices of the Supreme Court rely on “original intent” as the foundation for constitutional interpretation? Or should they be free to interpret the Constitution in light of hermeneutical approaches created by current philosophies of law? This essay examines the Marshall Court to determine whether its opinions take their bearings from the American Founding or instead rely on a philosophy of jurisprudence that can be separated from the Founding. The purposes of this essay are fourfold: 1) to provide a comprehensive account of the use of the Framers by the Marshall Court, 2) address the normative question of the attachment of the Marshall Court to the concept of Madisonian Originalism, 3) return from the empirical and normative journey to take another look at the Marbury decision and 4) provide a tentative assessment of the challenge of the respectable minority of scholars concerning the Marshallian myth
An analysis of the New England shoe industry
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The fluviageny, a method for analyzing temporal river fragmentation using phylogenetics
textPhylogenetic trees have historically been used to determine evolutionary relatedness between organisms. In the past few decades, as we've developed increasingly powerful computational algorithms and toolsets for performing analyses using phylogenetic methods, the use of these trees has expanded into other areas, including biodiversity informatics and geoinformatics. This report proposes using phylogenetic methods to create "fluviagenies" - trees that represent the effects of river fragmentation over time caused by damming. Faculty at the Center for Research in Water Resources at the University of Texas worked to develop tools and documentation for automating the creation of river segment codes (a.k.a., "fluvcodes") based on spatiotemporal data. Python was used to generate fluviageny trees from lists of these codes. The resulting trees can be exported into the appropriate data format for use with various phylogenetics programs. The Fishes of Texas Database (fshesoftexas.org), a comprehensive geospatial database of Texas fish occurrences aggregated and normalized from 42 museum collections around the world, was employed to create an example of how this tool might be used to analyze and hypothesize changes in fish populations as a consequence of river fragmentation. Additionally, this paper serves to theorize and analyze past and future potential uses for phylogenetic trees in various other fields of informatics.Informatio
Lithospheric-scale structures in New Guinea and their control on the location of gold and copper deposits
The locations of major gold and copper deposits on the island of New Guinea
are considered by many to be controlled by a series of transfer faults that
strike N–S to NE–SW, perpendicular to the long axis of the island. The
premise is that these faults dilate perpendicular to the regional stress
field, forming conduits for metalliferous gases and fluids to drop
out of solution. However, the data on which this idea was first proposed were
often not presented or, when the data were presented, were of poor quality
or low resolution. We therefore present a review of the existing structural
interpretations and compare these with several recently published
geophysical data sets to determine if the mineralization controlling transfer
faults could be observed. These data were used to produce a new lineament
map of New Guinea. A comparison of the lineaments with the location of major
gold and copper deposits indicates there is a link between the arc-normal
structures and mineralization. However, it is only those deposits that are
less than 4.5 million years old that could be associated with these
structures. Gravity and seismic tomography data indicate that some of these
structures could penetrate deep levels of the lithosphere, providing some
support to the earlier idea that the arc-normal structures act as conduits
for the younger mineral deposits of New Guinea. The gravity data can also be
used to infer the location of igneous intrusions at depth, which could have
brought metal-bearing fluids and gases closer to the Earth's surface. These
regions might be of interest for future exploration campaigns, particularly
those areas that are crosscut by deep, vertical faults. However, new
exploration models are needed to explain the location of the deposits that
are older than 5 Ma
The collision of India with Asia
We review the relative motion of India and Asia for the last 100 million years and present a revised reconstruction for the India-Antarctica-Africa-North America-Eurasia plate circuit based on published motion histories. Deformation of these continental masses during this time introduces uncertainties, as does error in oceanic isochron age and location. Neglecting these factors, the data ipso facto allow the inference that the motion of India relative to Eurasia was distinctly episodic. Although motion is likely to have varied more smoothly than these results would allow, the geological record also suggests a sequence of distinct episodes, at about the same times. Hence we suggest that no single event should be regarded as the collision of India with Asia. The deceleration of the Indian plate commencing at ~65. Ma is matched by an equally significant prior acceleration and this aspect must be taken into account in geodynamic scenarios proposed to explain the collision of India with Asia
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