Welding monitoring system

This invention relates to systems for remotely monitoring automatic welding operations, and more particularly to a system wherein the welder is readily positionable, while components of the optical system remain fixed. A welder having an electrode is mounted in an enclosure containing a pair of mirrors. The electrode passes through an opening in the first mirror and a gas cup. The mirror reflects an image of a welding operation taken through the opening of the gas cup to the second mirror. The second mirror then reflects the image through a rotary coupling to a third mirror which, in turn, reflects the image to a receiving lense mounted to a second rotatable coupling. The image is then projected via a fiber optic bundle to a filter unit where selected wavelengths of light are filtered from the welding image. The filter unit is coupled to an enlarger which enlarges the image and passes it to a camera. The camera is connected to an electronic eclipser which selectively darkens the brightest portions of the image. Finally, the image is recorded by a video tape recorder and displayed by a monitor

Criminal responsibility in Scots law

Summary available: p. [3

Moral Challenge to the Legal Doctrine of Rescue

Our legal code prescribes no general duty, other than moral, to come to the aid of another human being who is in danger, even though the outcome is to cost him his life and even though no greater act is required of the putative rescuer, as in the Genovese situation, than phoning the police. This principle of law is so deeply established and solidly entrenched that there are no known reported cases directly controverting it

A Short Wavelength GigaHertz Clocked Fiber-Optic Quantum Key Distribution System

A quantum key distribution system has been developed, using standard telecommunications optical fiber, which is capable of operating at clock rates of greater than 1 GHz. The quantum key distribution system implements a polarization encoded version of the B92 protocol. The system employs vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers with emission wavelengths of 850 nm as weak coherent light sources, and silicon single photon avalanche diodes as the single photon detectors. A distributed feedback laser of emission wavelength 1.3 micro-metres, and a linear gain germanium avalanche photodiode was used to optically synchronize individual photons over the standard telecommunications fiber. The quantum key distribution system exhibited a quantum bit error rate of 1.4%, and an estimated net bit rate greater than 100,000 bits-per-second for a 4.2 km transmission range. For a 10 km fiber range a quantum bit error rate of 2.1%, and estimated net bit rate of greater than 7,000 bits-per-second was achieved.Comment: Pre-press versio

Mississippi Manatees

The taxonomy and the distribution of the American manatee Trichechus manatusare reviewed briefly. Its distribution extends from 50°N on the eastern coast of North America to 19°S in South America. Records from the northern Gulf coast are given including sightings from Mississippi in January 1979, and one from the open ocean off Louisiana in July 1979. A live manatee was captured in the Gulfport, Mississippi, Harbor in January 1979, and was transported to Sea World in Orlando, Florida. It still lives there in good condition. A carcass of a female was found near the eastem end of Ship Island in January 1980, and was autopsied at Sea World

Smooth, Low-Resistance, Pinhole-free, Conformal Ruthenium Films by Pulsed Chemical Vapor Deposition

Ruthenium (Ru) thin films were deposited by pulsed chemical vapor deposition with precursors bis(N,N′-di-tert-butylacetamidinato)ruthenium(II)dicarbonyl, ammonia and hydrogen. Low-resistance polycrystalline Ru films with bulk density were obtained. Good adhesion to $SiO_2$ substrates was achieved by introducing a thin layer of WN in between the Ru and the $SiO_2$. Ru films only $\sim 2$ nm thick fully covered the WN layer without any pinholes. Deposition of Ru inside narrow holes showed that good conformality was obtained by lowering the deposition temperature. The film surface was smooth, and the rms roughness value did not increase too much after rapid thermal annealing at 700°C.Chemistry and Chemical Biolog

Surface Chemistry of Copper Precursors in Connection with Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD) Processes

Chemistry and Chemical Biolog

Atomic Layer Deposition of Tin(II) Sulfide

Chemistry and Chemical Biolog

Low Temperature Epitaxial Growth of High Permittivity Rutile TiO2TiO_2 on SnO2SnO_2

Thin films of high dielectric constant $\kappa \sim 68$ rutile phase titanium dioxide $TiO_2$ were grown epitaxially on tin dioxide $SnO_2$ substrates, which are a low cost, more abundant alternative to ruthenium electrodes used previously. Atomic layer deposition at low temperature ${250^\circ C}$ was used with titanium(IV) tetrakis(isopropoxide) and hydrogen peroxide $H_2O_2$ as precursors. The rutile $TiO_2$ thin films have crystalline grains that match the structure and orientation of the grains in the polycrystalline rutile phase $SnO_2$ substrates. The epitaxial relations can be clearly identified from the continuous lattice fringes across the interfaces.Chemistry and Chemical BiologyOther Research Uni

Immunoglobulin Levels in Serum of Normal Infants and Pre-School Children as Determined by Immunochemical Analysis

Standards for determining serum immunoglobulin (Ig) levels in infants and preschool children are now possible as a result of data compiled and presented in this paper. These can be compared with adult standards used in this hospital and presented in earlier issues of the MEDICAL JOURNAL. The Hospital\u27s laboratory technique is compared with other methods for measuring IgM, IgA and IgG serum levels