КОННОТАЦИЯ ЦВЕТООБОЗНАЧЕНИЯ В ПОСЛОВИЦАХ ГЕРМАНСКИХ ЯЗЫКОВ (НА ПРИМЕРЕ АНГЛИЙСКОГО И НЕМЕЦКОГО ЯЗЫКОВ)

Purpose. The article is devoted to the connotation of colour designation in the proverbs of Germanic languages (using the example of English and German). The authors analyzed English and German proverbs containing colour vocabulary. The following colour palette was distinguished, i.e., black, white, grey, green, red, blue, gold, silver. This colour scheme reflects the cultural diversity and the worldview of the British people and the Germans.Methods or methodology of the work. The research work is based on the thematic analysis and comparative-descriptive method.Results. A list of proverbs with colour vocabulary was formed depending upon the person’s perception of the colour (neutral, warm, cold); the above-mentioned units were analyzed from the point of view of emotional-evaluation perception of the situation and colours with positive, neutral and negative connotations were distinguished.Scope of the results. The results of the research can be applied in the process of teaching undergraduate students English and German at universities while studying the linguistic and cultural studies of Great Britain and Germany.Цель. Статья посвящена коннотации цветообозначения в пословицах германских языков (на примере английского и немецкого языков). Авторами проанализированы английские и немецкие пословицы, в которых представлена цветовая лексика. Была выделена следующая цветовая палитра: черный, белый, серый, зеленый, красный, синий, золотой, серебряный. Данная цветовая гамма отражает культурное многообразие, мировосприятие англичан и немцев.Метод или методология проведения работы. Основу исследования образуют тематический анализ, сопоставительно-описательный метод.Результаты. Были отобраны пословицы с цветовой лексикой в зависимости от восприятия цвета человеком (нейтральные, теплые, холодные); данные паремии были проанализированы с точки зрения эмоционально-оценочного восприятия ситуации, на основании чего были выделены цвета с положительной, нейтральной и отрицательной коннотацией.Область применения результатов. Результаты исследования могут быть применены в процессе обучения английскому и немецкому языкам студентов бакалавриата в вузах при изучении лингвострановедения Великобритании и Германии

Current Antimicrobial Stewardship Practice and Education in Russian Hospitals:Results of a Multicenter Survey

Proper antibiotic usage education and training of medical students and healthcare professionals is the cornerstone to implement antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) programs worldwide. We conducted this voluntary and anonymous survey on current and preferred educational provision of AMS in Russia. Among 1358 polled respondents from six participating Centers located in geographically remote Federal Districts of Russia, the majority were nurses (52.8%) and doctors (42.0%). Results of the survey demonstrated better coverage of education in AMS on an undergraduate level (57.1%). More than half of respondents in total (52.4%) stated they had not received any postgraduate training. Those 38.4% respondents who received postgraduate teaching in AMS stated that it had been provided substantially by an employing hospital (28.4%) or by a medical university/college (22.3%). According to the conducted survey, the methods of education in AMS in Russian Federation mainly include traditional face-to-face lectures, presentations and provision with clinical guidelines, recommendations and printed materials. The involvement of e-learning and web-based online approaches was lacking. The survey allowed us the identify the key problems associated with training of healthcare workers in this field, in particular the varying availability of under- and postgraduate education in different parts of Russia

Chronicles of nature calendar, a long-term and large-scale multitaxon database on phenology

We present an extensive, large-scale, long-term and multitaxon database on phenological and climatic variation, involving 506,186 observation dates acquired in 471 localities in Russian Federation, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, Belarus and Kyrgyzstan. The data cover the period 1890-2018, with 96% of the data being from 1960 onwards. The database is rich in plants, birds and climatic events, but also includes insects, amphibians, reptiles and fungi. The database includes multiple events per species, such as the onset days of leaf unfolding and leaf fall for plants, and the days for first spring and last autumn occurrences for birds. The data were acquired using standardized methods by permanent staff of national parks and nature reserves (87% of the data) and members of a phenological observation network (13% of the data). The database is valuable for exploring how species respond in their phenology to climate change. Large-scale analyses of spatial variation in phenological response can help to better predict the consequences of species and community responses to climate change.Peer reviewe

Phenological shifts of abiotic events, producers and consumers across a continent

Ongoing climate change can shift organism phenology in ways that vary depending on species, habitats and climate factors studied. To probe for large-scale patterns in associated phenological change, we use 70,709 observations from six decades of systematic monitoring across the former Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. Among 110 phenological events related to plants, birds, insects, amphibians and fungi, we find a mosaic of change, defying simple predictions of earlier springs, later autumns and stronger changes at higher latitudes and elevations. Site mean temperature emerged as a strong predictor of local phenology, but the magnitude and direction of change varied with trophic level and the relative timing of an event. Beyond temperature-associated variation, we uncover high variation among both sites and years, with some sites being characterized by disproportionately long seasons and others by short ones. Our findings emphasize concerns regarding ecosystem integrity and highlight the difficulty of predicting climate change outcomes. The authors use systematic monitoring across the former USSR to investigate phenological changes across taxa. The long-term mean temperature of a site emerged as a strong predictor of phenological change, with further imprints of trophic level, event timing, site, year and biotic interactions.Peer reviewe

Вплив антропометричних даних кваліфікованих спортсменок на кінематичну структуру «стандартного» гребкового руху при виконанні позиції «балетна нога»

The comparative analysis of the anthropometric data of two types of «standard» sculling motion. The objectives of the work are: the analysis of the scientific and methodological literature, and the study of the impact of the anthropometric data of skilled athletes, who specialize in synchronized swimming, on sculling technique. The results got by us will enable in future to build the model of kinematics structure of «standard» sculling motion. Здійснено порівняльний аналіз за антропометричними даними двох видів «стандартного» гребкового руху. Завданнями роботи є аналіз науково-методичної літератури та вивчення впливу антропометричних даних висококваліфікованих спортсменок, які спеціалізуються в синхронному плаванні, на техніку гребкових рухів. Отримані результати в подальшому дадуть можливість побудувати модель кінематичної структури «стандартного» гребкового руху

Scientific and Practical Justification of Designing School Uniform

The article defines the need for comprehensive research on the justification and development of requirements for this type of product on the part of both today’s consumer and production. As a result of such studies, it is necessary to establish indicators for a comprehensive assessment of school uniform providing a high level of its quality, as well as physiological and psychological comfort to the consumer. The study analyzes the opinions of customers and the product range in retail outlets in Moscow that specialize in sales of school uniforms. It was found that 40% of respondents had serious difficulties in purchasing school uniform kits. It is especially difficult to choose clothes for thin, low stature, and stout children having a body constitution significantly differing from the typical standard. Besides, the fabric properties and model designs do not fully meet the requirements of consumers. The information collected during the research has shown the presence of unsatisfied demand of a large group of consumers of school uniforms and indicated the need for additional research to take into account physiological, hygienic, psychological, ergonomic, aesthetic, and anthropological factors, as well as ensuring the quality of fabrics, and implementing image of school children when creating a school costume

GASTROINTESTINAL FOOD ALLERGY IN CHILDREN

In recent years, there has been a significant increase in the prevalence  of food allergies. Pathological conditions associated  with a food intolerance are becoming an increasingly urgent problem of pediatrics. According to different researchers, allergic lesions of the gastrointestinal tract occurs in 25–50% of patients with such common pathology as an allergy to cow's milk proteins. The severity of diseases  associated  with food allergies and their prognosis  depend largely on early diagnosis and adequate treatment. Difficulties and errors  in the diagnosis  of gastrointestinal  food allergies  are associated  with both subjective  and objective  reasons,  primarily due to the fact that gastrointestinal  reactions to food are often delayed and non-IgE-mediated. The article describes clinical forms of gastrointestinal food allergy according to the existing classification. Diagnostic algorithms and modern approaches  to differential diagnosis of disease based on evidence-based  medicine and corresponding to international consensus papers are given

Anti-stress activity of Propionibacterium freudenreichii : identification of a reactivative protein.

Propionibacterium freudenreichii subsp. shermanii is known to prevent mutations caused by various agents such as N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine, 9-aminoacridine, 4-nitro-quinoline-1-oxide and by UV radiation in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. It was also shown to prevent or repair damage caused by H(2)O(2) or UV radiation in Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli, a characteristic previously designated as reactivative effect. In order to characterise this effect at the molecular level, we have purified the active component from a P. freudenreichii cell-free extract using a combination of ammonium sulfate precipitation, anion-exchange and size-exclusion chromatography. The isolated 35 kDa protein was then identified using both N-terminal and internal peptide sequencing as a cysteine synthase. The latter was localised in the P. freudenreichii proteomic map. It is constitutively expressed but also clearly induced during adaptation to detergent and heat, but not acid, stresses. The biological meaning of cysteine synthase in the context of adaptation to oxidative and non-oxidative stresses is discussed

CLINICAL EFFICIENCY AND THE PHARMACOECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF ALLERGEN IMMUNOTHERAPY AT PATIENTS WITH MILD AND MODERATE ALLERGIC BRONCHIAL ASTHMA

Purpose: an assessment of clinical efficiency and carrying out the pharmacoeconomic analysis of allergen immunotherapy at patients with mild and moderate allergic bronchial asthma.Materials and methods. 108 patients were examined with mild and moderate allergic bronchial asthma, of both sexes who were divided into 4 groups depending on their therapy. The period of observation was 12 months. The 1st group were included 35 patients of mild allergic bronchial asthma receiving allergen immunotherapy in combination with antiinflammatory therapy; the 2nd group were consisted of 22 patients of mild allergic bronchial asthma using only basic therapy; in the 3rd group 17 patients of moderate allergic bronchial asthma receiving allergen immunotherapy in combination with antiinflammatory medicine were observed; the 4th group was made by 34 patients of moderate allergic bronchial asthma receiving only basic therapy. At all patient were investigated the function of external respiration, scarification tests, test АСТтм. For the pharmacoeconomic analysis we used the cost-effectiveness ratio.Results. Our analysis showed that the scheme of treatment at patients of the 3rd group was economically more profitable in comparison with the scheme of treatment at patients of the 4th group. So at the 3rd group in the end of the period of observation was noted significant improvement of the following indicators: FEV1, decrease of day and night dyspnea attacks, quantity of exacerbations, increase of total point of АСТтм test. Despite the larger value of coefficient of expensive efficiency at patients of the 1st group in comparison with the 2nd group, it is necessary to consider that the allergen immunotherapy interferes the progressing of the disease that will compensate the cost of this method of treatment in the future.Conclusion. We received the results that showed the efficiency of the timely done allergen immunotherapy at patients with the mild and moderate allergic bronchial asthma, and is able tto reduce financial expenses considerably