Application of BrdU in studying postnatal neurogenesis

PURPOSES: We applied the thymidine analog, 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) that labels DNA to study neurogenic events in many brain regions of the postnatal mammalian brain and to evaluate its paradigms, pitfalls and limitations.MATERIAL AND METHODS: Different BrdU paradigms and various time points between postnatal day P0 and P51 were applied to Wistar rats. Paraffin sections for single or double BrdU immunohistochemistry combined with neuronal markers nestin, Dcx, MAP(2) and NeuN by peroxidase or fluorescence labeling were examined. Sections were analyzed using standard or confocal microscopy and stereology.RESULTS: Peak neurogenesis was found out in the dentate gyrus during the first postnatal week of life with a progressive decline after P9. Areas with substantial neurogenesis such as subventricular zone of the lateral ventricles, subgranular zone of the hippocampal dentate gyrus, and cerebellum were observed. By P14 to P18, cell proliferation was reduced in most brain areas with exception of the dentate gyrus. Numerical densities of BrdU(+) cells in all evaluated brain regions were higher in the younger animals and decreased with age. Most newly-generated cells became nonneuronal cells (endothelial and glial cells). BrdU colocalization with neuronal markers was rarely found out mainly within the dentate gyrus and cerebellum.CONCLUSION: In the developing rat brain, BrdU labeling showed regional distribution. It was dose-, age- and survival time-dependent. Our findings provided useful information on BrdU application in the study of postnatal neurogenesis.Scripta Scientifica Medica 2013; 45(1): 24-28

Services on Application Level in Grid for Scientific Calculations

AMS Subj. Classification: 00-02, (General)The Grid is a hardware and software infrastructure that coordinates access to distribute computational and data resources, shared by different institutes, computational centres and organizations. The Open Grid Services Architecture (OGSA) describes an architecture for a service-oriented grid computing environment, based on Web service technologies, WSDL and SOAP. In this article we investigate possibilities for realization of business process composition in grid environment, based on OGSA standard

Personal sales and e-business

Sales can be defined as ways of shaping each transaction that implements products, services and ideas, and transferring ownership rights from buyer's sales representatives. A sale is limited to doing business itself and delivering products, services, and ideas to buyers’ sales representatives. Sales perform economic, social and psychological functions. On the one hand, they are aimed at monetizing the organization that performs the respective business, and on the other hand, they realize the buyers’ incomes to acquire the necessary products for production and consumer purposes. At both times, sales are at the heart of the economic turnaround in economic life and the path to successful economic growth and social development. The purpose of the report is to present the main aspects of personal sales, the benefits of e-business and the role of e-commerce in contemporary business. New needs are generated through online sales and can actively influence consumer behavior

Consumer attitudes in omni-channel marketing

By studying consumer behavior, attitudes are the predisposition of individuals for responding to the impact of an object, which may be favorable or negative. These are feelings, assessments and responses related to a certain trademark. Attitudes affect the process of perception in selectivity. They are formed by information obtained directly from previous experiences with an object and indirectly by other people`s influence. They can be supported and they contain three components: cognitive (knowledge), emotional, and tendency of behavior (goal, desire).In practice, upon a large number of repeated purchases of goods from a particular trademark, the volume of information for this trademark increases and competing producers have difficulty in changing the consumer attitude towards it. The purpose of this paper is to present the basic patterns associated with consumer attitudes when purchasing a particular product and to outline their role in the marketing process

A deep i-selected multi-waveband galaxy catalogue in the COSMOS field

In this paper we present a deep and homogeneous i-band selected multi-waveband catalogue in the COSMOS field covering an area of about 0.7 square-degree. Our catalogue with a formal 50 percent completeness limit for point sources of i~26.7 comprises about 290.000 galaxies with information in 8 passbands. We combine publicly available u, B, V, r, i, z, and K data with proprietary imaging in H band. We discuss in detail the observations, the data reduction, and the photometric properties of the H-band data. We estimate photometric redshifts for all the galaxies in the catalogue. A comparison with 162 spectroscopic redshifts in the redshift range 0 < z < 3 shows that the achieved accuracy of the photometric redshifts is (Delta_z / (z_spec+1)) ~0.035 with only ~2 percent outliers. We derive absolute UV magnitudes and investigate the evolution of the luminosity function evaluated in the rest-frame UV at 1500 Angstrom. There is a good agreement between the LFs derived here and the LFs derived in the FORS Deep Field. We see a similar brightening of M_star and a decrease of phi_star with redshift. The catalogue including the photometric redshift information is made publicly available.Comment: 20 pages, 17 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS; high resulution paper: http://www.mpe.mpg.de/~gabasch/COSMOS/cosmos.pd

The connection between star formation and stellar mass: Specific star formation rates to redshift one

We investigate the contribution of star formation to the growth of stellar mass in galaxies over the redshift range 0.5 < z < 1.1 by studying the redshift evolution of the specific star formation rate (SSFR), defined as the star formation rate per unit stellar mass. We use an I-band selected sample of 6180 field galaxies from the Munich Near-Infrared Cluster Survey (MUNICS) with spectroscopically calibrated photometric redshifts. The SSFR decreases with stellar mass at all redshifts. The low SSFRs of massive galaxies indicates that star formation does not significantly change their stellar mass over this redshift range: The majority of massive galaxies have assembled the bulk of their mass before redshift unity. Furthermore, these highest mass galaxies contain the oldest stellar populations at all redshifts. The line of maximum SSFR runs parallel to lines of constant star formation rate. With increasing redshift, the maximum SFR is generally increasing for all stellar masses, from SFR ~ 5 M_sun/yr at z = 0.5 to SFR ~ 10 M_sun/yr at z = 1.1. We also show that the large SSFRs of low-mass galaxies cannot be sustained over extended periods of time. Finally, our results do not require a substantial contribution of merging to the growth of stellar mass in massive galaxies over the redshift range probed. We note that highly obscured galaxies which remain undetected in our sample do not affect these findings for the bulk of the field galaxy population.Comment: 5 pages, 3 colour figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS Letter

ULTRASTRUCTURAL FEATURES OF RAT UTERINE BLOOD-TISSUE BARRIER DURING DIFFERENT FUNCTIONAL STATES

No abstrac