Risk analysis and management on Public Private Partnership Projects (PPP) in Serbia

nfrastructure projects are going through a lot of difficulties, mostly connected with non standard established financing in South Eastern Europe countries. During and after transition period, undeveloped, insufficient but before all obsolete infrastructure in Serbia became a essential problem for further development of main economic resources (transportation, agriculture, mining, tourism etc.). Infrastructure network is necessity for the development of different sectors (energetic, agriculture, industry, commerce etc.). Domestic regulation is not clear in allowing project financing through Public Private Partnership (PPP) model, which is great opportunity for opening new projects and finishing many projects with on hold status. The main problem in decision making and starting financing projects in that model is too many risks on the market, which endanger projects from very beginning, especially in initiation phase so many investors decide to leave projects in very early phases. The analysis of potential risk elements, throughout the processes from bidding to operational infrastructure projects, is one of the most important elements to maximizing profit and functionality, and properly develop country infrastructure, while minimalizing potential difficulties that may arise. Much of the risk of a PPP project comes from the complexity of financing, taxation, law regulatory, aquired technical documentation and construction process involved in a major infrastructure venture. Main risks, their analyze and management on infrastructure projects are explained in this paper. After risk analyze, risk management tools are presented, together with method of managing risks on PPP projects in Serbia

ESTIMATION POSITION AND DIAMETER OF REBAR BY MODERN NON-DESTRUCTIVE TECHNIQUES

Ultrasonic testing of concrete by modern equipment has grown in importance in recent years in non-destructive testing. Measuring concrete cover thickness and estimating steel rebar position and diameter is main focus for assessment of existing reinforcement concrete facilities. Voids, entrained air and potential delamination are important to detect in order to evaluate the quality of the executed concrete members. This paper presents the latest two modern non-destructive techniques – ultrasonic tomography and electromagnetic pulse induction – suitable for testing reinforcement concrete members. The capabilities of these techniques for locating defects, reinforcement bars and determining their size in unilaterally accessible concrete members are described

Development of an integrated transport system in distribution centres: a FA\u27WOT analysis

Strateško planiranje usmjereno ka transportu zasniva se u osnovi na prilagođavanju promjenama u operativnom okruženju. Analiza prednosti, slabosti, mogućnosti i opasnosti (SWOT) najčešće je rabljen alat za analizu i unutarnje i vanjske sredine, kako bi se postigao sustavni pristup i podrška pri donošenju odluka. U ovom istraživanju pokazujemo kako se neke slabosti SWOT analize mogu izbjeći i kako se ona može razraditi da bi se osigurala sveobuhvatnija podrška odlučivanju. Istraživanje je zasnovano na ekspertnim intervjuima koji su strukturirani prema principima mišljenja usmjerenog na vrijednosti i SWOT analizu. FA\u27WOT je hibridna metoda u kojoj se dobro poznata SWOT analiza kombinira s fuzzy analitičkim hijerarhijskim procesom (FAHP). U radu je prikazana modifikacija Saatyjeve skale tako što su za određivanje težinskih vrijednosti kriterija i alternativa upotrebljeni fuzzy brojevi. Za razliku od radova u kojima je opisan postupak fazifikacije AHP/ANP metode opisani model uzima u obzir stupanj neizvjesnosti donositelja odluke. Na ovaj način, nakon primjene AHP/ANP metode, dobivaju se vrijednosti kriterijskih funkcija za svaku od promatranih alternativa. Dobivenim vrijednostima kriterijskih funkcija odgovara određena vrijednost stupnja uvjerenosti. Za različite vrijednosti stupnja uvjerenosti moguće je generirati različite skupove vrijednosti kriterijskih funkcija. Rabeći ovaj postupak moguće je identificirati i rangirati čimbenike koji utječu na funkcioniranje sustava. FAHP-ova veza s SWOT daje analitički utvrđene prioritete za faktore uključene u SWOT analizu i čini ih mjerljivim. Cilj u primjeni hibridne metode je poboljšati osnove kvantitativnih informacija procesa strateškog planiranja. Primjena hibridnog FA\u27WOT modela prikazana je za određivanje strategije razvoja integralnog transporta u tvornici Lafarge Beocin Cement.Strategic planning which focuses on transport is based fundamentally on adjusting to changes in the operational environment. Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats (SWOT) analysis is a commonly used tool for analyzing both the internal and external environments in order to attain a systematic approach and support for a decision-making situation. In this study, we show how some weaknesses of SWOT analysis can be avoided and how it can be elaborated upon in order to provide a more comprehensive decision support. The research was based on expert interviews, which were structured according to the principles of value-focused thinking and SWOT analysis. FA\u27WOT is a hybrid method combining the well known SWOT analysis and the Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP). This paper presents modification of the Saaty-s scale, in which fuzzy numbers have been used for determining weight values of criteria and alternatives. Unlike the papers describing the procedure of fuzzification of the AHP/ANP method, the method described here takes into account the level of uncertainty of the decision maker. After application of the AHP/ANP method in this way, the values of the functions criteria for each considered alternative are obtained. Certain values of the level of certainty are corresponding to the obtained values of the functions criteria. It is possible to generate various sets of the values of criterion functions. Using this procedure it is possible to identify and rank the factors affecting the functioning of a system. FAHP’s connection to SWOT yields analytically determined priorities for the factors included in SWOT analysis and makes them commensurable. The aim in applying the hybrid method is to improve the quantitative information basis of strategic planning processes. The hybrid FA\u27WOT model is used in determining the development strategy for integrated transport in the Lafarge Beocin cement plant

Estimating investment value in railway lines reconstruction process

U radu je prikazan prognostički model za procjenu investicijskih vrijednosti rekonstrukcije željezničkih pruga izrađen primjenom umjetnih neuronskih mreža. Cilj izrade modela je poboljšanje efikasnosti i efektivnosti donošenja odluka o ulaganju u projekte željezničke infrastrukture. Prikazan je proces izrade modela i dan je odgovarajući primjer kojim se upućuje na mogućnost primjene modela za eventualne grube i brze procjene investicijskih vrijednosti za rekonstrukciju željezničkih pruga s pouzdanošću od 80 do 85 % kada nisu poznati svi ulazni parametri.A prognostic model for estimating investment value of reconstruction of railway lines using artificial neural networks is presented in the paper. The aim of the model is to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of decision making as related to investment in rail infrastructure projects. The model development process is presented and illustrated with an appropriate example, which points to the possibility of using the model for making a rough and rapid assessment of the investment value of railway-lines reconstruction, with a reliability of 80-85% when some input parameters are unknown

Estimating investment value in railway lines reconstruction process

U radu je prikazan prognostički model za procjenu investicijskih vrijednosti rekonstrukcije željezničkih pruga izrađen primjenom umjetnih neuronskih mreža. Cilj izrade modela je poboljšanje efikasnosti i efektivnosti donošenja odluka o ulaganju u projekte željezničke infrastrukture. Prikazan je proces izrade modela i dan je odgovarajući primjer kojim se upućuje na mogućnost primjene modela za eventualne grube i brze procjene investicijskih vrijednosti za rekonstrukciju željezničkih pruga s pouzdanošću od 80 do 85 % kada nisu poznati svi ulazni parametri.A prognostic model for estimating investment value of reconstruction of railway lines using artificial neural networks is presented in the paper. The aim of the model is to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of decision making as related to investment in rail infrastructure projects. The model development process is presented and illustrated with an appropriate example, which points to the possibility of using the model for making a rough and rapid assessment of the investment value of railway-lines reconstruction, with a reliability of 80-85% when some input parameters are unknown

Optimisation and ranking of permanent way types for light rail systems

U radu predloženi proces procjene ima cilj osigurati odluku o izboru najboljega gornjeg ustroja lakog tračničkog sustava za sve zainteresirane, uzimajući u obzir okolnosti određenog grada. U tu svrhu istraživana su različita rješenja i rangirana su pomoću teorije višekriterijskog vrednovanja da bi se odredilo koji tip se može preporučiti. Autori nemaju namjere popularizirati niti laki tračnički sustav kao vrstu javnog putničkog prijevoza niti tip gornjeg ustroja.The evaluation process proposed in the paper is aimed at enablingall interested parties to select the best permanent way type for light track systems, taking into account particular features of every urban area. To this effect, various solutions were studied and ranked by means of the multicriteria evaluation theory in order to determine which specific type can be recommended. The authors do not wish to favour neither the light rail system as a type of public passenger transport nor any particular type of permanent way

WorldView-1 satellite image processing for topographic maps content update

Daljinska detekcija, zahvaljujući mogućnostima koje pruža, predstavlja osnovnu metodu izrade i ažuriranja karata u svijetu i kod nas. Primjena satelitskih snimaka će u budućnosti imati sve veću i značajniju ulogu u izradi svih kartografskih proizvoda. Satelitske misije koje provode prodaju i distribuciju snimaka obavljaju sve veći stupanj njihove obrade i na tržištu se pojavljuju ne samo sa snimcima već i s gotovim podacima u nekom od javnih formata i u nekom od široko rasprostranjenih koordinatnih sustava.U radu su u procesu obrade satelitskih snimaka predstavljeni neki postupci obrade digitalnih satelitskih snimaka, s posebnim osvrtom na postupke ortorektifikacije i georeferenciranja, što je eksperimentalno izvedeno na visoko kvalitetnom snimku WorldView-1.Due to the possibilities it provides, remote sensing is the basic method for the creation and updating of maps, in our country and abroad. The use of satellite images in the development of cartographic products will have an increasingly important role in the future. Satellite missions that are engaged in the sale and distribution of satellite imagery have also become engaged in the processing of those images, which allows them to appear on the market not only with images, but with final data in widely-used public formats and coordinate systems. This work presents several digital processing methods used in the processing of satellite images, with special emphasis on orthorectification and georeferencing procedures, performed experimentally on high-quality WorldView-1 imagery

WorldView-1 satellite image processing for topographic maps content update

Daljinska detekcija, zahvaljujući mogućnostima koje pruža, predstavlja osnovnu metodu izrade i ažuriranja karata u svijetu i kod nas. Primjena satelitskih snimaka će u budućnosti imati sve veću i značajniju ulogu u izradi svih kartografskih proizvoda. Satelitske misije koje provode prodaju i distribuciju snimaka obavljaju sve veći stupanj njihove obrade i na tržištu se pojavljuju ne samo sa snimcima već i s gotovim podacima u nekom od javnih formata i u nekom od široko rasprostranjenih koordinatnih sustava.U radu su u procesu obrade satelitskih snimaka predstavljeni neki postupci obrade digitalnih satelitskih snimaka, s posebnim osvrtom na postupke ortorektifikacije i georeferenciranja, što je eksperimentalno izvedeno na visoko kvalitetnom snimku WorldView-1.Due to the possibilities it provides, remote sensing is the basic method for the creation and updating of maps, in our country and abroad. The use of satellite images in the development of cartographic products will have an increasingly important role in the future. Satellite missions that are engaged in the sale and distribution of satellite imagery have also become engaged in the processing of those images, which allows them to appear on the market not only with images, but with final data in widely-used public formats and coordinate systems. This work presents several digital processing methods used in the processing of satellite images, with special emphasis on orthorectification and georeferencing procedures, performed experimentally on high-quality WorldView-1 imagery

Optimization of UHPFRC beams subjected to bending using genetic algorithms

Ultra high performance fibre reinforced concrete (UHPFRC) is cementitious composite with very high strength, and when compared with ordinary concrete it is a more superior material both in terms of its mechanical properties and its durability. In order to predict the behaviour of UHPFRC beams, first of all, experiments were carried out to investigate the mechanical properties of composites containing 2% and 4% of steel fibres. Following this, four beams of 2 m in length were tested by subjecting to four point bending. Two beams contained only micro steel fibres, while the remaining two contained conventional steel bar reinforcement. On the basis of experimental studies and recommendations by the AFGC for UHPC, the behaviour of the beams was modelled and optimization was carried out using genetic algorithms (GA) according to the criterion of minimum price. In this paper, the prices of individual UHPFRC beams are also shown in comparison with beams, which contain steel bars or prestressed reinforcement

Communications and forum:Case-based reasoning model applied as a decision support for construction projects

Discusses a solution to a growing need for Industry Knowledge Base in the construction industry. This paper shows a Case Based Reasoning model based on the Rough Sets Theory and applied as a decision support in the preliminary design phase of construction projects