Formulation and Development of Orodispersible Tablet of Baclofen by Effervescent Method

The aim of the present study was to develop orodispersible tablets of Baclofen for improving patient compliance, by overcoming the difficulties in swallowing, with the prime objective of arriving at cost effective product by effervescent method. In the effervescent method, mixture of sodium bicarbonate and tartaric acid (each of 12% w/w concentration) were used along with super disintegrants, i.e., treated agar, sodium starch glycolate (SSG), Cross Carmellose Sodium (CCS) and Microcrystalline Cellulose (MCC). The prepared batches of tablets were evaluated for hardness, friability, drug content uniformity, in vitro dispersion time. The hardness and friability test reports revealed that the tablets had a good mechanical strength and resistance. The formulation containing high concentration of MCC, SSC and CCS and mixture of effervescent emerged as the best formulation based on in vitro drug release characteristics. The results of this work suggest that orodispersible tablets of Baclofen with rapid disintegration time, fast drug release and good hardness can be efficiently and successfully formulated by effervescent method

FACTORIAL STUDIES ON ENHANCEMENT OF DISSOLUTION RATE AND FORMULATION OF ACECLOFENAC TABLETS EMPLOYING Î’CDAND KOLLIPHOR HS15

Aceclofenac is an effective anti inflammatory and analgesic drug. It belongs to class II under Biopharmaceutical classification system and exhibit low and variable oral bioavailability due to its poor solubility. It is practically insoluble in water and aqueous fluids and its oral absorption is dissolution rate limited. It needs enhancement in solubility and dissolution rate for improvement of its oral bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy. The objective of the present study is to enhance the dissolution rate and formulation development of aceclofenac tablets with fast dissolution characteristics employing βCD and Kolliphor HS15, a non ionic surfactant. The individual and combined effects of βCD (factor A) and Kolliphor HS15 (factor B) on the dissolution rate of aceclofenac from solid inclusion complexes and their tablets were evaluated in a series of 22 factorial experiments. The feasibility of formulating aceclofenac - βCD-Kolliphor HS15 inclusion complexes into tablets with fast dissolution rate characteristics was also investigated. Kolliphor HS15 has not been investigated earlier for this purpose. The individual and combined effects of βCD and Kolliphor HS15 in enhancing the dissolution rate and dissolution efficiency of aceclofenac from solid inclusion complexes and their tablets were highly significant (P < 0.01). The dissolution of aceclofenac was rapid and higher in the case of aceclofenac- βCD and aceclofenac- βCD - Kolliphor HS15 complexes prepared when compared to aceclofenac pure drug. β CD alone gave a 8.66 fold increase and in combination with Kolliphor HS15 it gave 9.85 fold increase in the dissolution rate of (K1) of aceclofenac. Aceclofenac –βCD – Kolliphor HS15 inclusion complexes could be formulated into compressed tablets by wet granulation method and the resulting tablets also gave rapid and higher dissolution of aceclofenac. Aceclofenac tablets formulated with βCD and Kolliphor HS15 individually gave 4.75 and 6.1 fold increase in the dissolution rate and those containing drug - βCD -Kolliphor HS15 complex gave much higher enhancement (21.35 fold) in the dissolution rate when compared to tablets formulated with aceclofenac pure drug. Combination of βCD and Kolliphor HS15 gave much higher enhancement in the dissolution rate of aceclofenac tablets than is possible with them individually. A combination of βCD with Kolliphor HS15 is recommended to enhance the dissolution rate in the formulation development of aceclofenac tablets with fast dissolution rate characteristics

Strengthening of Load Bearing Masonry Wall Panels with Externally Bonded Precast Textile Reinforced Concrete Laminate

241-245Textile Reinforced Concrete (TRC) has gained worldwide popularity as a strengthening material for masonry structures in the recent years. As of today, the application of TRC for masonry strengthening is either by cast-in-place methodology or by spraying method. The present work is a first-of-its kind study, which explores the feasibility of using externally bonded precast TRC laminate for strengthening of load bearing brick masonry wall panels. The binder used in TRC itself is used as adhesive for adhering the TRC laminate to masonry wall panels. Experimental investigations were carried out on unstrengthened and strengthened brick masonry wall panels under axial compression and combined axial compression and shear loading. The influence of TRC strengthening system is assessed by examining the performance indicators such as strength, stiffness and deformation. Based on the investigations, the use of externally bonded precast TRC laminate is found to be a feasible solution to strengthen brick masonry walls to have the required structural adequacy

Geometric quantum computation using fictitious spin- 1/2 subspaces of strongly dipolar coupled nuclear spins

Geometric phases have been used in NMR, to implement controlled phase shift gates for quantum information processing, only in weakly coupled systems in which the individual spins can be identified as qubits. In this work, we implement controlled phase shift gates in strongly coupled systems, by using non-adiabatic geometric phases, obtained by evolving the magnetization of fictitious spin-1/2 subspaces, over a closed loop on the Bloch sphere. The dynamical phase accumulated during the evolution of the subspaces, is refocused by a spin echo pulse sequence and by setting the delay of transition selective pulses such that the evolution under the homonuclear coupling makes a complete $2\pi$ rotation. A detailed theoretical explanation of non-adiabatic geometric phases in NMR is given, by using single transition operators. Controlled phase shift gates, two qubit Deutsch-Jozsa algorithm and parity algorithm in a qubit-qutrit system have been implemented in various strongly dipolar coupled systems obtained by orienting the molecules in liquid crystal media.Comment: 37 pages, 17 figure

Investigation of Submarine Groundwater Discharge using Thermal Satellite and Radon mapping along the East Coast of the Tamil Nadu and Pondicherry Region, India

Submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) demarcated as a significant component of hydrological cycle found to discharge greater volumes of terrestrial fresh and recirculated seawater to the ocean associated with chemical constituents (nutrients, metals, and organic compounds) aided by downward hydraulic gradient and sediment-water exchange. Delineating SGD is of primal significance due to the transport of nutrients and contaminants due to domestic, industrial, and agricultural practices that influence the coastal water quality, ecosystems, and geochemical cycles. An attempt has been made to demarcate the SGD using thermal infrared images and radon-222 (222Rn) isotope. Thermal infrared images processed from LANDSAT-8 data suggest prominent freshwater fluxes with higher temperature anomalies noted in Cuddalore and Nagapattinam districts, and lower temperature noted along northern and southern parts of the study area suggest saline/recirculated discharge. Groundwater samples were collected along the coastal regions to analyze Radon and Physico-chemical constituents. Radon in groundwater ranges between 127.39 Bq m-3 and 2643.41 Bq m-3 with an average of 767.80 Bq m-3. Calculated SGD fluxes range between -1.0 to 26.5 with an average of 10.32 m day-1. Comparison of the thermal infrared image with physio-chemical parameters and Radon suggest fresh, terrestrial SGD fluxes confined to the central parts of the study area and lower fluxes observed along with the northern and southern parts of the study area advocate impact due to seawater intrusion and recirculated seawater influence