Evaluación de la incidencia de enfermedades criptogámicas foliares en cereales de invierno y primavera en España. Periodo 1993-1996.

El trabajo presenta los resultados de evaluar las micosis foliares de los cereales durante tres campañas de cultivo consecutivas: 1993-94; 1994-95 y 1995-96. En la campaña 1993-1994 fueron evaluadas 154 variedades de trigo, triticale y cebada. Durante 1994-1995 se valoraron 145 variedades. En 1995-1996 fueron 161 las prospectadas y se ampliaron las observaciones a 9 cultivares de avena. Las variedades estuvieron cultivadas en ocho toponimias cerealícolas de España. Los resultados pusieron de manifiesto que las enfermedades más importantes fueron: Septoria tritici, Blumeria graminis f.sp.tritici, Puccinia recondita f.sp.tritici y Pyrenophora teres, en trigo blando o harinero(primavera e invierno),trigo duro y triticale. Muy discreta fue la presencia de la roya amarilla (Puccinia striiformis f.sp.tritici). En cebada (primavera y verano), Pyrenophora teres, Rhynchosporium secalis y Blumeria graminis f.sp.hordei fueron las especies fúngicas más importantes. Para las variedades de avena fue Puccinia coronata (roya coronada la enfermedad más frecuente. No pudieron establecerse diferencias entre variedades por su resistencia a alguno de los patógenos encontrados

Species of Fusarium isolated from river and sea water of Southeastern Spain and pathogenicity on four plant species

Species of Fusarium were isolated from water samples collected from the Andarax River and coastal sea water of the Mediterranean in Granada and Almería provinces of southeastern Spain. In total, 18 water samples were analyzed from the Andarax River, and 10 species of Fusarium were isolated: Fusarium anthophilum, F. acuminatum, F. chlamydosporum, F. culmorum, F. equiseti, F. verticillioides, F. oxysporum, F. proliferatum, F. solani, and F. solani. When considering the samples by their origins, 77.8% of the river water samples yielded at least one species of Fusarium , with F. oxysporum comprising 72.2% of the total isolates. In the case of marine water, 45.5% of the samples yielded at least one species of Fusarium, with F. solani comprising 36.3% of the total isolates. The pathogenicity of 41 isolates representing nine of the species collected from river an sea water during the study ws evluated on barley, kohlrabe, melon, and tomato. Inoculation with F. acuminatum, F. chlamydosporum, F. culmorum, F. equiseti, F. verticillioides, F. oxysporum, F. proliferatum F. solani, and F. sambucinum resulted in pre-and post-emergence damping off. Pathogenicity of Fusarium isolates did not seem to be related to the origin of the isolates (sea water or fresh water). However, the presence of pathogenic species of Fusarium in river water flowing to the sea could indicate long-distance dispersal in natural water environment

OSIRIS Software: The Mask Designer Tool

OSIRIS is a Day One instrument that will be available at the 10m GTC telescope which is being built at La Palma observatory in the Canary Islands. This optical instrument is designed to obtain wide-field narrow-band images using tunable filters and to do low-resolution spectroscopy in both long-slit and multislit modes. For the multislit spectroscopy mode, we have developed a software to assist the observers to design focal plane masks. In this paper we describe the characteristics of this Mask Designer tool. We discuss the main design concepts, the functionality and particular features of the software.Comment: 6 figures; accepted for publication in Experimental Astronom

Future scenarios and opportunities for interventional radiology in the post COVID-19 era

ABSTRACT Pandemic outbreak has led health systems worldwide into a rapid reorganization in response to coronavirus infections, forcing interventional radiology units to adapt. Interventional procedures have evolved in number, type and setting and have arguably been optimized as a direct consequence of this pandemic; a result that will undoubtedly lead to radical change within the specialty. This paper explores the future of interventional radiology from various perspectives, and forecasts the new opportunities that will be presented, from the adaptation of the interventional radiology staff and angiography suite, to the immunological environment, and through to digital medical education. We analyze the economic impact and the future relationship we can expect with the rest of the medical industry

Pathogenicity and fusaric acid production by fusarium proliferatum isolated from garlic in Spain

Fusarium proliferatum has been reported on garlic in the north west U.S.A., Spain and Serbia, causing as water-soaked tan lesions on cloves. Moreover, F. proliferatum is known to produce a range of toxins, including fumonisin B1, moniliformin, beauvericin, fusaproliferin and fusaric acid, which are implicated in pathogenesis. In this study six randomly selected F. proliferatum isolates from garlic were tested for pathogenicity and screened for fusaric acid production. Healthy seedlings of onion (Allium cepa), leek (A. porrum) and chives (A. schoenoprasum) and garlic clones (A. sativum) were inoculated. Onion seedlings and garlic clones were soaked in the conidial suspensions of each F. proliferatum isolate for 24 h and then planted in flats containing soil previously inoculated with the same isolate of F. proliferatum. Plants were maintained in a temperature and light-controlled greenhouse (12 h/12 h light/dark; 25/21°C). The root and bulb/clove rot disease symptoms were graded into five classes following the method of Stankovick et al. (2007). A disease severity index (DSI) was calculated as the mean of three plants of each species and four test replicates. Symptoms on onion and garlic plants were observed three weeks after inoculation. The overall effects of isolate, host and variety were analyzed. Effects were significant for all the studied isolates. The correlations between isolate pathogenicity and production of FA are also discussed

Dietary Fat Intake and the Risk of Depression: The SUN Project

Emerging evidence relates some nutritional factors to depression risk. However, there is a scarcity of longitudinal assessments on this relationship. Objective: To evaluate the association between fatty acid intake or the use of culinary fats and depression incidence in a Mediterranean population. Material and Methods: Prospective cohort study (1999–2010) of 12,059 Spanish university graduates (mean age: 37.5 years) initially free of depression with permanently open enrolment. At baseline, a 136-item validated food frequency questionnaire was used to estimate the intake of fatty acids (saturated fatty acids (SFA), polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), trans unsaturated fatty acids (TFA) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and culinary fats (olive oil, seed oils, butter and margarine) During follow-up participants were classified as incident cases of depression if they reported a new clinical diagnosis of depression by a physician and/or initiated the use of antidepressant drugs. Cox regression models were used to calculate Hazard Ratios (HR) of incident depression and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) for successive quintiles of fats. Results: During follow-up (median: 6.1 years), 657 new cases of depression were identified. Multivariable-adjusted HR (95% CI) for depression incidence across successive quintiles of TFA intake were: 1 (ref), 1.08 (0.82–1.43), 1.17 (0.88–1.53), 1.28 (0.97–1.68), 1.42 (1.09–1.84) with a significant dose-response relationship (p for trend = 0.003). Results did not substantially change after adjusting for potential lifestyle or dietary confounders, including adherence to a Mediterranean Dietary Pattern. On the other hand, an inverse and significant dose-response relationship was obtained for MUFA (p for trend = 0.05) and PUFA (p for trend = 0.03) intake. Conclusions: A detrimental relationship was found between TFA intake and depression risk, whereas weak inverse associations were found for MUFA, PUFA and olive oil. These findings suggest that cardiovascular disease and depression may share some common nutritional determinants related to subtypes of fat intake

Use of colonoscopy as a primary screening test for colorectal cancer in average risk people

The use of colonoscopy as a primary screening test for colorectal cancer (CRC) in average risk adults is a subject of controversy. Our primary objective was to build a predictive model based on a few simple variables that could be used as a guide for identifying average risk adults more suitable for examination with colonoscopy as a primary screening test. METHODS: The prevalence of advanced adenomas was assessed by primary screening colonoscopy in 2210 consecutive adults at least 40 yr old, without known risk factors for CRC. Age, gender, and clinical and biochemical data were compared among people without adenomas, those with non-advanced adenomas, and those with any advanced neoplasm. A combined score to assess the risk of advanced adenomas was built with the variables selected by multiple logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: Neoplastic lesions were found in 617 subjects (27.9%), including 259 with at least one neoplasm that was 10 mm or larger, villous, or with moderate-to-severe dysplasia, and 11 with invasive cancers. Advanced lesions were more frequent among men, older people, and those with a higher body mass index (BMI). These three variables were independent predictors of advanced adenomas in multivariate analysis. A score combining age, sex, and BMI was developed as a guide for identifying individuals more suitable for screening colonoscopy. CONCLUSIONS: Age, gender, and BMI can be used to build a simple score to select those average risk adults who might be candidates for primary screening colonoscop

Diagnostic value of distal colonic polyps for prediction of advanced proximal neoplasia in an average-risk population undergoing screening colonoscopy

For colorectal cancer screening, the predictive value of distal findings in the ascertainment of proximal lesions is not fully established. The aims of this study were to assess distal findings as predictors of advanced proximal neoplasia and to compare the predictive value of endoscopy alone vs. combined endoscopic and histopathologic data. METHODS: Primary colonoscopy screening was performed in 2210 consecutive, average-risk adults. Age, gender, endoscopic (size, number of polyps), and histopathologic distal findings were used as potential predictors of advanced proximal neoplasms (i.e., any adenoma > or =1 cm in size, and/or with villous histology, and/or with severe dysplasia or invasive cancer). Polyps were defined as distal if located in the descending colon, the sigmoid colon, or the rectum. Those in other locations were designated proximal. RESULTS: Neoplastic lesions, including 11 invasive cancers, were found in 617 (27.9%) patients. Advanced proximal neoplasms without any distal adenoma were present in 1.3% of patients. Of the advanced proximal lesions, 39% were not associated with any distal polyp. Older age, male gender, and distal adenoma were independent predictors of advanced proximal neoplasms. The predictive ability of a model with endoscopic data alone did not improve after inclusion of histopathologic data. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, the predictive ability of models that use age, gender, and any combination of distal findings was relatively low. The proportion of advanced proximal neoplasms identified if any distal polyp was an indication for colonoscopy was only 62%. CONCLUSIONS: A strategy in which colonoscopy is performed solely in patients with distal colonic findings is not effective screening for the detection of advanced proximal neoplasms in an average-risk populatio

Determinación reciente de la colesterolemia en población adulta sana de Pamplona

RESUMEN: Objetivo: Los objetivos del estudio fueron estimar la proporción de la población adulta sana de Pamplona que había determinado recientemente su colesterolemia e identificar los factores asociados a esta determinación. Métodos: Estudio transversal con entrevista personal a 1066 habitantes de Pamplona seleccionados por muestreo de rutas aleatorias. Se estratificó la ciudad en tres áreas urbanas según el nivel socioeconómico (alto, medio, bajo). La participación fue de un 91,8%. Utilizando como variable dependiente la determinación del colesterol total en los últimos 5 años, y como variables independientes la edad, el sexo, el nivel socioeconómico y el hábito tabáquico, se calcularon las odds ratios (OR) univariantes y se ajustó un modelo de regresión logística. Resultados: El 71,2% de la muestra estudiada (IC 95%: 68,3-74,O) se había determinado el colesterol en los últimos cinco años. Los no fumadores conocían más su colesterolemia que los fumadores con una OR ajustada de 1,38 (IC 95%: 1 ,O-1,9); los hombres lo conocían más que las mujeres (OR ajustada de 1,5; IC 95% 1,l-2,O). El conocimiento era menos frecuente en el grupo de edad 30 años. La determinación de la colesterolemia se daba más en los individuos de nivel socioeconómico medio y alto (OR ajustadas 3,2; IC 95% 2,2-4,7 y 1,6; IC 95% 1,l-2,3), respectivamente. Conclusiones: La determinación reciente del colesterol era más frecuente en individuos de mayor edad y en varones. La determinación de la colesterolemia era menos frecuente en algunos grupos con peor perfil de riesgo coronario (menor nivel socioeconómico y fumadores). Estos resultados sugieren la necesidad de intervenciones para mejorar el conocimientoy control de la colesterolemia en adultos sanos