2 research outputs found

    Valorización de residuos industriales y urbanos mediante la producción de materiales cerámicos ferrimagnéticos con alta resistencia mecánica

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    Los resultados del análisis de lixiviados por ICP-MS indican que el uso de productos fabricados según el proceso de ceramización con los residuos usados no supone un riesgo en cuanto a su elución, tanto para la salud como para el medio ambiente. Además, la estabilidad del producto en funcionamiento en condiciones medioambientales ordinarias está garantizada. Fecha de lectura de Tesis Doctoral: 08 de febrero 2019.En la presente Tesis Doctoral se investiga la fabricación y caracterización de materiales cerámicos ferrimagnéticos de alta resistencia mecánica a partir de residuos industriales y urbanos. La preocupación por el medioambiente hace necesaria la investigación de métodos de utilización de los residuos generados. Los procesos de ceramización y vitrificación son potenciales para la inmovilización de elementos tóxicos o peligrosos. Muchos residuos poseen compuestos típicamente utilizados en la industria cerámica. Dadas las características de las series formuladas con lodo rojo, pueden ser de aplicación en la fabricación de baldosas cerámicas como sustrato para su posterior esmaltado. La presencia de óxidos de hierro incrementa en gran medida la retención de bacterias, lo que lleva a su posible aplicación potencial en el tratamiento de aguas residuales. Algunas de las muestras resultan tener aplicación potencial en la retención de manganeso o de plomo. A partir de los resultados de la caracterización de las muestras SMC se deduce que pueden ser de aplicación en la fabricación de baldosas cerámicas, presentando propiedades típicas de gres porcelánico, y resultando de utilidad en la protección frente a señales electromagnéticas de baja frecuencia. Por otro lado, siguiendo el proceso tradicional de fritado se han obtenido materiales vitrocerámicos sin necesidad de una etapa previa de nucleación ni un recocido posterior. Dado su carácter ferrimagnético blando, resultan ser de aplicación en la fabricación de esmaltes para materiales de construcción protectores frente a señales electromagnéticas de baja frecuencia y tendrían capacidad de calentamiento por inducción

    A 12-gene pharmacogenetic panel to prevent adverse drug reactions: an open-label, multicentre, controlled, cluster-randomised crossover implementation study

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    © 2023Background: The benefit of pharmacogenetic testing before starting drug therapy has been well documented for several single gene–drug combinations. However, the clinical utility of a pre-emptive genotyping strategy using a pharmacogenetic panel has not been rigorously assessed. Methods: We conducted an open-label, multicentre, controlled, cluster-randomised, crossover implementation study of a 12-gene pharmacogenetic panel in 18 hospitals, nine community health centres, and 28 community pharmacies in seven European countries (Austria, Greece, Italy, the Netherlands, Slovenia, Spain, and the UK). Patients aged 18 years or older receiving a first prescription for a drug clinically recommended in the guidelines of the Dutch Pharmacogenetics Working Group (ie, the index drug) as part of routine care were eligible for inclusion. Exclusion criteria included previous genetic testing for a gene relevant to the index drug, a planned duration of treatment of less than 7 consecutive days, and severe renal or liver insufficiency. All patients gave written informed consent before taking part in the study. Participants were genotyped for 50 germline variants in 12 genes, and those with an actionable variant (ie, a drug–gene interaction test result for which the Dutch Pharmacogenetics Working Group [DPWG] recommended a change to standard-of-care drug treatment) were treated according to DPWG recommendations. Patients in the control group received standard treatment. To prepare clinicians for pre-emptive pharmacogenetic testing, local teams were educated during a site-initiation visit and online educational material was made available. The primary outcome was the occurrence of clinically relevant adverse drug reactions within the 12-week follow-up period. Analyses were irrespective of patient adherence to the DPWG guidelines. The primary analysis was done using a gatekeeping analysis, in which outcomes in people with an actionable drug–gene interaction in the study group versus the control group were compared, and only if the difference was statistically significant was an analysis done that included all of the patients in the study. Outcomes were compared between the study and control groups, both for patients with an actionable drug–gene interaction test result (ie, a result for which the DPWG recommended a change to standard-of-care drug treatment) and for all patients who received at least one dose of index drug. The safety analysis included all participants who received at least one dose of a study drug. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03093818 and is closed to new participants. Findings: Between March 7, 2017, and June 30, 2020, 41 696 patients were assessed for eligibility and 6944 (51·4 % female, 48·6% male; 97·7% self-reported European, Mediterranean, or Middle Eastern ethnicity) were enrolled and assigned to receive genotype-guided drug treatment (n=3342) or standard care (n=3602). 99 patients (52 [1·6%] of the study group and 47 [1·3%] of the control group) withdrew consent after group assignment. 652 participants (367 [11·0%] in the study group and 285 [7·9%] in the control group) were lost to follow-up. In patients with an actionable test result for the index drug (n=1558), a clinically relevant adverse drug reaction occurred in 152 (21·0%) of 725 patients in the study group and 231 (27·7%) of 833 patients in the control group (odds ratio [OR] 0·70 [95% CI 0·54–0·91]; p=0·0075), whereas for all patients, the incidence was 628 (21·5%) of 2923 patients in the study group and 934 (28·6%) of 3270 patients in the control group (OR 0·70 [95% CI 0·61–0·79]; p <0·0001). Interpretation: Genotype-guided treatment using a 12-gene pharmacogenetic panel significantly reduced the incidence of clinically relevant adverse drug reactions and was feasible across diverse European health-care system organisations and settings. Large-scale implementation could help to make drug therapy increasingly safe. Funding: European Union Horizon 2020
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