Editorial and Production Team

Editors Daniella Enriquez Christopher Garcia Alexander Gonzalez Shaleyah Haywood Jason Kooken Christian Palomares Montse Romero Dr. Joshua J. Jeffers, faculty mento

Vol. 11, No. 2

Contents: Hicks and Hazen Paper: Blessings for Employers or Blessings in Disguise for Employment Discrimination Plaintiffs?, by Richard J. Gonzalez Recent Developments, by the Student Editorial Board Announcements Further References, compiled by Margaret A. Chaplanhttps://scholarship.kentlaw.iit.edu/iperr/1020/thumbnail.jp

Vol. 11, No. 2

Contents: Hicks and Hazen Paper: Blessings for Employers or Blessings in Disguise for Employment Discrimination Plaintiffs?, by Richard J. Gonzalez Recent Developments, by the Student Editorial Board Announcements Further References, compiled by Margaret A. Chaplanhttps://scholarship.kentlaw.iit.edu/iperr/1020/thumbnail.jp

Literary Form and Philosophical Discourse: The Problem of Myth in the Platonic Dialogues

This is a discussion of different interpretative approaches to Platonic myths, which focuses on a recent publication: Catherine Collobert, Pierre Destrée, Francisco J. Gonzalez (eds.), Plato and Myth: Studies on the Use and Status of Platonic Myths. Mnemosyne. Supplements, 337pp

The Debate on the Health Effects Attributable to Low Radiation Exposure

[Excerpt] Few scientific issues have aroused passions more than the dispute about the health effects attributable to low levels of exposure to ionizing radiation (or radiation in short) and the currently authoritative dose response hypothesis, termed “linear non-threshold,” or LNT. Finding out whether health effects are induced by low-level radiation exposures, and if so, what they are, has become a kind of contest rather than a serious scientific inquiry. Sometimes it seems that rationality, or a methodical examination of the unknown, has disappeared from this debate. While the confrontation of different hypotheses is typical in academic discussions – at least until analysis and experimental work probes more deeply into what is more correct or plausible – it is strange that the premises under discussion differ to such an extent that they oppose each other. This is the case in the dispute known as “the LNT controversy.” One extreme is the “radiation is- good-for-you” group, advocating not only that low-level-radiation exposure is not detrimental, but that it is in fact beneficial for health. The other extreme is the “radiation-phobic” group advocating that exposure to (artificial) radiation is the fifth rider of the Apocalypse leading to the destruction of the human race. On the one side, the radiation promotion extremists presuppose that, because radiation exposure is an inescapable natural phenomenon that has existed since the beginning of time, after billions of years of life on Earth there must have been a natural – and full – biological adaptation to it (they cannot explain, however, why life has not fully adapted to other primordial harmful natural phenomena). On the other side, the radical contesters seem to believe (perhaps honestly, but wrongly) that, because (artificial) radiation exposure is a pollutant of the modern technological world, it should necessarily be highly detrimental to humans, their descendants, and their environment

Conditions Pertinent for Overcoming Gender Inequality in Political Leadership: A Comparative Analysis of Angela Merkel and Ellen Johnson Sirleaf

This qualitative study of Liberian President Ellen Johnson Sirleaf and Chancellor Angela Merkel of Germany implements a most different systems design (MDSD) as the basis for its comparative analysis. A cross-examination of Johnson Sirleaf’s and Merkel’s personal backgrounds, their leadership styles in their political careers before they became the heads of their governments, and their level of political participation in democracy or liberalization movements prior to their rise to power is conducted in this study. Key strands of feminist approaches in IR, such as liberal feminism, difference feminism, and postmodern feminism add to this study’s discourse on Johnson Sirleaf’s and Merkel’s rise to political power. The basis for this study is that women comprise an underrepresented minority in the field of politics worldwide. As women in political leadership is more prevalent in times of crisis around the world, it is exceedingly important to understand the conditions under which women political leaders may attain their country’s highest political office. More so, this study identifies some key similar conditions from which Angela Merkel and Ellen Johnson Sirleaf overcame gendered obstacles in politics to reach their country’s highest political offices

MINNESOTA V. MILLE LACS: GATEWAY TO TRIBAL/STATE RESOURCE MANAGEMENT

Minnesota v. Mille Lacs Band of Chippewa Indians is the United States Supreme Court's most recent decision to focus on the continued existence of tribal off-reservation hunting, fishing, and gathering rights (usufructuary rights) as guaranteed by 19th century treaties entered into between the Lake Superior Chippewa and the federal government. This paper addresses three issues. First, a fundamental flaw with the Petitioner's position is a misconceptualization of the legal theory that governs Indian treaty interpretation and Indian sovereignty. The Petitioner proceeds on the mistaken premise that the Respondent's usufructuary interests are granted privileges rather than reserved rights. Second, in finding that the Respondents still possessed usufructuary rights in the territory ceded in the Treaty of 1837 we can conclude, based on the Court's interpretation and application of federal Indian jurisprudence, that the Respondent, as well as the other signatories to the Treaty of 1855, still possesses usufructuary rights in the 1855 ceded territory despite the lack of explicit treaty language reserving that right. Third, the Court's response to the Petitioner's Equal Footing argument supports the conclusion that the tribes have a shared interest with the state in wildlife and natural resource regulation. No longer are tribes in the passive position of merely being not subject to state hunting and fishing regulations. Rather they are in an equal, "shared" position with the state in actively developing wildlife and fisheries policy in the ceded territories where tribes still retain usufructuary rights.Mille Lacs Band of Chippewa Indians -- Treaties, Ojibwa Indians -- Legal status, laws, etc. -- Minnesota -- Cases, Ojibwa Indians -- Minnesota -- Claims, Natural resources -- Minnesota -- Mille Lacs Lake Region -- Management, Resource /Energy Economics and Policy,