An averaging principle for diffusions in foliated spaces

Consider an SDE on a foliated manifold whose trajectories lay on compact leaves. We investigate the effective behavior of a small transversal perturbation of order $\varepsilon$. An average principle is shown to hold such that the component transversal to the leaves converges to the solution of a deterministic ODE, according to the average of the perturbing vector field with respect to invariant measures on the leaves, as $\varepsilon$ goes to zero. An estimate of the rate of convergence is given. These results generalize the geometrical scope of previous approaches, including completely integrable stochastic Hamiltonian system.Comment: Published at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/14-AOP982 in the Annals of Probability (http://www.imstat.org/aop/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org

SUBSTANCE USE COUNSELORS\u27 PERCEPTIONS OF EFFECTIVE TREATMENT MODALITIES FOR WOMEN WITH CHILDREN

The U.S Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) conducted a study and determined that approximately one-third to two-thirds of child neglect cases had some form of substance abuse related to the case. Further, it is reported that women who use alcohol or drugs are two times more likely to lose custody of their children than non- using mothers. The purpose of this study is to examine which treatment modalities substance use counselors find most effective when treating women with children. This study utilized a qualitative design asking eight open ended questions to fourteen substance use counselors employed at Prototypes in Pomona, CA. The substance use counselors were asked questions regarding what treatments they offered at their facility, what they believed the most effective treatment modalities are when treating women with children, and what barriers they faced when treating women with children. Findings from this study found the holistic and client centered approaches to be the most effective treatment modalities when treating women with children. The holistic approach considers every aspect of the client’s life and the client centered approach allows the counselors to develop care plans that are specific to their client’s unique needs. Social workers should strive to keep women with their children while they are in treatment. Further research is needed to gain a better understanding of this population and to provide appropriate treatment, services, and resources to women and their children

Acesso aberto a informação científica agropecuária na internet: caso do sistema aberto e integrado de informação em agricultura (Sabiia).

RESUMO: Este trabalho apresenta o Sistema Aberto e Integrado de Informação em Agricultura (Sabiia) como mecanismo de busca automatizado que coleta e centraliza metadados de provedores de dados OAI-PMH científicos de acesso aberto, previamente selecionados. O sistema reúne informações sobre agricultura e áreas afins, possibilitando o acesso ao texto integral (livros, capítulos de livros, artigos em periódicos, folhetos, teses, anais e proceedings de eventos, entre outros) de milhares de publicações científicas disponíveis em diversas instituições nacionais e internacionais.SBIAgro 2011

Exact Histogram Specification Optimized for Structural Similarity

An exact histogram specification (EHS) method modifies its input image to have a specified histogram. Applications of EHS include image (contrast) enhancement (e.g., by histogram equalization) and histogram watermarking. Performing EHS on an image, however, reduces its visual quality. Starting from the output of a generic EHS method, we maximize the structural similarity index (SSIM) between the original image (before EHS) and the result of EHS iteratively. Essential in this process is the computationally simple and accurate formula we derive for SSIM gradient. As it is based on gradient ascent, the proposed EHS always converges. Experimental results confirm that while obtaining the histogram exactly as specified, the proposed method invariably outperforms the existing methods in terms of visual quality of the result. The computational complexity of the proposed method is shown to be of the same order as that of the existing methods. Index terms: histogram modification, histogram equalization, optimization for perceptual visual quality, structural similarity gradient ascent, histogram watermarking, contrast enhancement

Kajian Pemanfaatan dan Ketersediaan PLTS Sebagai Sumber Energi Listrik pada Kapal 5 GT di Nusa Tenggara Timur

Nusa Tenggara Timur (NTT) terletak di sekitar daerah ekuator yang memiliki ketersediaan sinar Matahari sepanjang tahun dan potensi kelautan yang begitu besar. Sebagai salah satu daerah dengan kegiatan penangkapan ikan yang begitu besar tentunya akan membutuhkan energi listrik yang besar. Seiring dengan kebutuhan dan berbagai jenis kapal yang berkembang, kebutuhan tenaga listrik di atas kapal akan sangat beragam, khususnya pada kapal yang berukuran 5 GT. Sumber listrik di atas kapal selain menggunakan generator juga dapat memanfaatkan energi dari sinar matahari sebagai sumber energi listrik alternatif. Energi matahari dapat digunakan sebagai pengganti energi konvensional yang mulai terbatas dan harganya yang cukup mahal. Potensi energi surya di NTT sebesar 6,07 kWh/m2 tentunya dapat dimanfaatkan secara maksimal sebagai sebagai sumber energi listrik. Pemanfaatan energi surya sebagai energi listrik dapat dilakukan dengan menggunakan PLTS. Energi listrik yang dihasilkan dapat digunakan untuk menghidupkan peralaan listrik dan lampu kapal di malam hari, dan digunakan sebagai alat bantu penangkapan ikan. Dalam sehari sistem ini dapat menghasilkan energi sebanyak 0,53 kWh/hari. Sistem ini juga telah mudah diperoleh dan tersedia, baik di toko-toko konvenional atau online. Sehingga jika terdapat permasalahan dapat diatasi secara cepat. Penggunaan energi surya sebagai energi listrik tentunya diharapkan dapat meningkatkan kesehatan dan mengurangi pengunaan energi fosil yang kurang baik untuk lingkungan