Prevalence and risks associated with non-diagnosed arterial Hypertension: comparative results in two colombian cities

Objectives: To determine the prevalence and factors associated with undiagnosed hypertension in two Colombian cities. Methods: multicentre, descriptive correlational study, with a quantitative approach, non-experimental design, in a population of 2000 inhabitants of Santa Marta and 1000 of Bucaramanga; Blood pressure measurement was performed by using the mercury sphygmomanometer following the technique and procedures recommended by the World Health Organization. Measurements of weight and height were obtained according to the application of worldwide accepted protocols and the identification of the factors of risks through an instrument previously validated by experts; bioethical criteria were respected for studies with humans. The statistical analysis was performed by using the PAST software version 3.14. Results: the prevalence of hypertension undiagnosed in Santa Marta was 6.5% and in Bucaramanga 3.4%; the factors associated in the population of Santa Marta were: family history (0.33), tobacco consumption ((0.97), alcohol use (0.20) and physical exercise (0.12) and in Bucaramanga family history (0.95), tobacco consumption (0.73), alcohol (0.88) and absence of physical exercise (0.78), the reasons for not timely diagnosis, in both populations, were due to the absence of hypertensive signs and symptoms and periodic control of the state of health. Conclusions: the prevalence of undiagnosed arterial hypertension was higher in Santa Marta than in Bucaramanga, while the behavior of the risk factors was similar

Neoplastic lesions of the cervix in women from a colombian university

Objetivo: Identificar la incidencia y factores asociados a cáncer de cuello uterino en una institución  universitaria colombiana. Materiales y Métodos: Se realizó un estudio transversal, descriptivo de corte  cuantitativo. La muestra correspondió a 328 mujeres de una universidad de la ciudad de Santa Marta, en  edades comprendidas entre 16 y 50 años, quienes habían iniciado vida sexual y aceptaron voluntariamente la toma de dos exámenes, una citología y un frotis vaginal, las cuales fueron tomadas e interpretadas entre  enero y octubre de 2011. Resultados: Se hallaron 13 casos de neoplasia intraepitelial cervical grado I para  una incidencia de 6,9 casos nuevos por mil mujeres en edad reproductiva. Se encontró correlación alta entre  lesiones neoplásicas y número de parejas sexuales (C.A. = 69,73%). Conclusiones: La incidencia hallada fue  alta en relación con la media nacional (21,5 por 100.000 mujeres) y los factores asociados corresponden a los  encontrados en otros estudios.Objective: To identify the incidence and risk factors of cervical cancer in a Colombian university. Materials  and Methods: A cross-sectional, quantitative descriptive study was carried out. The simple consisted of 328  women of a university in the city of Santa Marta, aged between 16 and 50 years, who had initiated their  sexual life and volunteered to take two tests, a Pap smear and a frotis vaginal, which were taken and  interpreted between February and July 2011. Results: Thirteen (13) cases of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia  grade I were found for an incidence of 6.9 new cases per thousand women in reproductive age. High  correlation was found between neoplastic lesions and number of sexual partners (C.A. = 69.73%).  Conclusions: The incidence found was high in relation to the national average (21.5 per 100,000 women) and  associated factors correspond to those found in other studies.&nbsp

Prevalencia y factores asociados a osteoporosis en pacientes de Santa Marta (Colombia)

Objective: To identify the prevalence and factors associated with osteoporosis in a group of patients of Santa Marta. Materials and Method: Retrospective descriptive and correlational study in a population of 406 patients from a total of 1486 consultants. Results: The prevalence found was 27.32; associated factors were: age higher than 50 years (p= 0.3405), female gender (p= 0.3405), no physical exercise (p= 0.011), parity (p= 0, 0001). Statistical association was found between osteoporosis and diseases of the eye and adnexa (p= 0.0415), by classification International Council Disease. Conclusions: The prevalence of osteoporosis was 27.32%. Age, sedentary lifestyle, multiparity, diseases of the eye and its annexes, the background to ginecobst and gallbladder surgeries were statistically significant risk factors for developing osteoporosis.Objetivo: Identificar la prevalencia y los factores asociados a osteoporosis en un grupo de pacientes Samarios. Materiales y Método: Estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo y correlacional, realizado en una población de 406 pacientes de un total de 1486 consultantes. Resultados: La prevalencia encontrada fue de 27,32; los factores asociados fueron: edad mayor de 50 años (p=0,3405); género femenino (p= 0,3405), no realización de ejercicio físico (p= 0,011); paridad (p= 0,0001). Se halló asociación estadística entre la osteoporosis y las enfermedades del ojo y sus anexos (p= 0,0415), según la clasificación del Consejo Internacional de Enfermedades. Conclusiones: La prevalencia de osteoporosis fue de 27,32%. La edad, el sedentarismo, la multiparidad, las enfermedades de los ojos y sus anexos, los antecedentes de cirugías ginecobstétricas y de vesícula fueron factores de riesgo estadísticamente significativos para el desarrollo de la osteoporosis

Grado de efectividad y correlación citología-colposcopia utilizadas como pruebas diagnósticas en una entidad de salud de Santa Marta

Objetive: Descriptive, correlational and retrospective study. Sougth to determine the effectiveness of the testing and correlation index between uterine cervical cytology and colposcopy, procedures performed in a health institution in Santa Marta, Colombia, in the period January to December 2011. Methods: analyzed 34 cases from the medical history of patients with similarity in the presumptive diagnosis of squamous intraepithelial lesion of low and high risk, were practiced uterine cervical cytology and colposcopy as a confirmatory test. The tests were practiced in the same entity under study, was analyzed by correlation index and effectiveness of the tests separately trhough the T test. Results: Women aged between 18 and 55 years old, the correlation index between cytology and colposcopy not evidenced direct relationship, obtaining a reverse and weak index. The individual analysis of effectiveness of tests through the T test, confirms higher effectiveness of colposcopy respect to the cytology. Conclusions: found higher effectiveness of colposcopy for the definition of the diagnosis in a group of patients treated with a reverse and weak relationship between the two testsObjetivo: estudio descriptivo correlacional, retrospectivo que buscó determinar la efectividad de las pruebas y el índice de correlación entre la citología cérvico uterina y la colposcopia, procedimientos realizados en una entidad de salud de Santa Marta, Colombia, en el período comprendido enero- diciembre 2011. Métodos: se analizaron 34 casos tomados de las historias clínicas de pacientes con similitud en su diagnóstico presuntivo de lesión intraepitelial escamosa (L.I.E) de bajo y alto riesgo, que se hubiesen efectuado citología cervico uterina y colposcopia como prueba confirmatoria; las pruebas se realizaron en la misma entidad objeto de estudio, sometido a análisis mediante índice de correlación y efectividad de las pruebas separadamente, mediante la prueba T de student. Resultados: mujeres en edad comprendida entre 18 y 55 años; no se evidenció relación entre citología cervico uterina y colposcopia, obteniendo un negativo y débil. El análisis individual de efectividad realizado a través de la prueba t de student, confirmó más efectividad de la colposcopia que de la citología Conclusiones: se comprobó mayor efectividad de la colposcopia para la definición del diagnóstico en un grupo de pacientes atendidas y una correlación negativa débil entre pruebas

Factores de riesgo de los trastornos hipertensivos inducidos por el embarazo en mujeres atendidas en una entidad de salud de Santa Marta

The Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy are a public health problem, is the first cause of maternal death in the developed countries and the third in developing countries. Objective: To identify the riskfactors those determine the occurrence of the hypertensive disorders in pregnant women attending in a health institution of Santa Marta, Colombia, in the months of January 2011 to January 2012. Materials and Methods: descriptive study, quantitative retrospective, executed in a group of 51 pregnant patients who had hypertensive disorders. The collection techniques of information used were based on the documentary review (medical history) and the application of an inquest previously validated by experts. Through these methods found variables which allowed identifying the risk factors in the hypertensive disorders of pregnant women. Results: The age distribution was ubicated in the range 26-34 years old / 54.8%), risk factors present were: underweight (45.0%), not attending antenatal care (11.8%), multiparous (56.9%), socioeconomic status medium high (45.1), family history related hypertensive disorder of the mother (39.2%), medical history of urinary tract infections (83.3%) and alcohol consumption (58.8%). Conclusions: The risk factors of medical history of urinary tract infections occurred in a high percentage (83.3%), alcohol consumption, and family history multiparity, occupied an important place, while the significant level of assistance to prenatal care not prevent the appearance of hypertensive disorder.Los trastornos hipertensivos del embarazo, son un problema de salud pública, la primera causa de muerte materna en países desarrollados y la tercera en países en desarrollo. Objetivo: Identificar los factores de riesgos que determinan la aparición de los trastornos hipertensivos, en mujeres embarazadas atendidas en una entidad de salud de Santa Marta, Colombia, en los meses de enero de 2011 a enero 2012. Materiales y métodos: estudio descriptivo, cuantitativo retrospectivo, realizado a un grupo de 51 pacientes gestantes que presentaron trastornos hipertensivos. Las técnicas de recolección de información se basaron en la revisión documental (historias clínicas) y la aplicación de una encuesta previamente validada por expertos. A través de estos métodos se consignaron variables que permitieron identificar los factores en los trastornos hipertensivos de las gestantes. Resultados: la distribución por edad se ubicó en el rango 26 a 34 años (54.8%), los factores de riesgos presentes fueron: bajo peso (45.0%), no asistencia a controles prenatales (11,8%), multiparidad (56.9%), nivel socioeconómico medio-alto (45.1), antecedentes familiares relacionados con alteración hipertensiva de la madre (39.2%), antecedentes personales patológicos de infecciones urinarias (83.3%) y consumo de alcohol (58.8%). Conclusiones: los factores de riesgo de antecedentes personales patológicos de infecciones urinarias se presentaron en un alto porcentaje (83,3%), el consumo de alcohol, multiparidad y antecedentes familiares, ocuparon un lugar importante; mientras que el nivel significativo de asistencia a controles prenatales, no evitó la aparición del trastorno hipertensivo. (DUAZARY 2013 No. 2, 119 - 126

Epigenetic clocks in relapse after a first episode of schizophrenia

The main objective of the present study was to investigate the association between several epigenetic clocks, covering different aspects of aging, with schizophrenia relapse evaluated over a 3-year follow-up period in a cohort of ninety-one first-episode schizophrenia patients. Genome-wide DNA methylation was profiled and four epigenetic clocks, including epigenetic clocks of chronological age, mortality and telomere length were calculated. Patients that relapsed during the follow-up showed epigenetic acceleration of the telomere length clock (p = 0.030). Shorter telomere length was associated with cognitive performance (working memory, r = 0.31 p = 0.015; verbal fluency, r = 0.28 p = 0.028), but no direct effect of cognitive function or symptom severity on relapse was detected. The results of the present study suggest that epigenetic age acceleration could be involved in the clinical course of schizophrenia and could be a useful marker of relapse when measured in remission stages

Negative symptoms and sex differences in first episode schizophrenia: What's their role in the functional outcome? A longitudinal study

Introduction: Negative symptoms (NS) include asociality, avolition, anhedonia, alogia, and blunted affect and are linked to poor prognosis. It has been suggested that they reflect two different factors: diminished expression (EXP) (blunted affect and alogia) and amotivation/pleasure (MAP) (anhedonia, avolition, asociality). The aim of this article was to examine potential sex differences among first-episode schizophrenia (FES) patients and analyze sex-related predictors of two NS symptoms factors (EXP and MAP) and functional outcome. Material and methods: Two hundred and twenty-three FES (71 females and 152 males) were included and evaluated at baseline, six-months and one-year. Repeated measures ANOVA was used to examine the effects of time and sex on NS and a multiple linear regression backward elimination was performed to predict NS factors (MAP-EXP) and functioning. Results: Females showed fewer NS (p = 0.031; Cohen's d = −0.312), especially those related to EXP (p = 0.024; Cohen's d = −0.326) rather than MAP (p = 0.086), than males. In both male and female group, worse premorbid adjustment and higher depressive symptoms made a significant contribution to the presence of higher deficits in EXP at one-year follow-up, while positive and depressive symptoms predicted alterations in MAP. Finally, in females, lower deficits in MAP and better premorbid adjustment predicted better functioning at one-year follow-up (R2 = 0.494; p < 0.001), while only higher deficits in MAP predicted worse functioning in males (R2 = 0.088; p = 0.012). Conclusions: Slightly sex differences have been found in this study. Our results lead us to consider that early interventions of NS, especially those focusing on motivation and pleasure symptoms, could improve functional outcomes

Variables psicológicas implicadas en la actitud e iniciativa emprendedora (II): personalidad, cognición y emoción

El proyecto titulado: Variables implicadas en la actitud e iniciativa emprendedora (II): personalidad, cognición y emoción, es la continuidad de otro presentado en la convocatoria anterior (2016-2017) cuyo objetivo era evaluar variables psicológicas en la actitud emprendedora de los estudiantes universitarios de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM). Este segundo proyecto ha tenido por objetivo principal ampliar la evaluación a otras facultades y áreas de conocimiento de nuestra universidad a fin de obtener el mapa y perfil de la iniciativa emprendedora del universitario UCM

Multiancestry analysis of the HLA locus in Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases uncovers a shared adaptive immune response mediated by HLA-DRB1*04 subtypes

Across multiancestry groups, we analyzed Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) associations in over 176,000 individuals with Parkinson’s disease (PD) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) versus controls. We demonstrate that the two diseases share the same protective association at the HLA locus. HLA-specific fine-mapping showed that hierarchical protective effects of HLA-DRB1*04 subtypes best accounted for the association, strongest with HLA-DRB1*04:04 and HLA-DRB1*04:07, and intermediary with HLA-DRB1*04:01 and HLA-DRB1*04:03. The same signal was associated with decreased neurofibrillary tangles in postmortem brains and was associated with reduced tau levels in cerebrospinal fluid and to a lower extent with increased Aβ42. Protective HLA-DRB1*04 subtypes strongly bound the aggregation-prone tau PHF6 sequence, however only when acetylated at a lysine (K311), a common posttranslational modification central to tau aggregation. An HLA-DRB1*04-mediated adaptive immune response decreases PD and AD risks, potentially by acting against tau, offering the possibility of therapeutic avenues

Eficacia de una prueba molecular en el diagnóstico del Streptococcus agalactiae en pacientes gestantes de la ciudad de Santa Marta (Colombia)

Objetivos: Determinar la eficacia de una prueba molecular en el diagnóstico del Streptococcus agalactiae o Streptococcus beta hemolítico del grupo B (SGB), en gestantes Samarias.Métodos: Estudio evaluativo con diseño no experimental, llevado a cabo en una población de 100 mujeres entre 35 y 37 semanas de gestación, de la cual se calculó una muestra probabilística de 80 pacientes, con nivel de confianza de 95 % y margen de error de 5 %. La prueba utilizada para la evaluación de eficacia fue la reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR) en tiempo real, la cual permite amplificar secuencias específicas de ácido desoxirribonucleico (ADN) a más de un billón de veces, confrontadas con una prueba rutinaria utilizando el medio Cromogénico (CHROMagar) orientador. Se respetaron los criterios éticos definidos para estudios en humanos.Resultados: Edad promedio de la población 27 años; con la aplicación de la prueba molecular (PCR en tiempo real) se detectaron 42/80 pacientes colonizadas por SGB, correspondiente a una positividad del 52 %; prueba que demostró sensibilidad de 65, especificidad de 93, valor predictivo positivo (VPP) 91,2 y valor predictivo negativo (VPN) 73,1; mientras que con la prueba de comparación el nivel de positividad fue del 5 % (4/80), con una sensibilidad de 6,2, especificidad de 3, VPP 8,8 y VPN 26,9.Conclusiones: La prueba PCR en tiempo real, como prueba molecular utilizada, mostró mayor eficacia a la hora de diagnosticar casos de Streptococcus agalactiae beta hemolítico del grupo B (SGB) al ser confrontada con la prueba rutinaria