Disolucións e as súas propiedades

Titulación: Grao en Enxeñaría Forestal e do Medio Natural -- Materia: QuímicaEsta unidade didáctica Disolucións e as súas propiedades forma parte da materia de formación básica Química, que se imparte no primeiro curso do grao en Enxeñaría Forestal e do Medio Natural. A materia, que é anual, está organizada en catro bloques,pertencendo esta unidade n.º 2 ao primeiro deles. Despois de estudar algúns conceptos básicos e terminolóxicos da química na unidade didáctica anterior (unidade n.º 1), neste tema utilizaremos estes coñecementos para abordar o estudo das disolucións e as súas propiedades. A maioría dos materiais con que interactuamos na vida cotiá son mesturas, moitas das cales son disolucións. Así, o aire que respiramos ou a auga do mar son exemplos de disolucións. Este tema é unha parte fundamental da materia por dúas razóns: 1. A meirande parte dos procesos químicos que serán estudados nos bloques B e C teñen lugar en disolución. 2. O dominio dos cálculos para a preparación de disolucións de fertilizantes e outros compostos é de grande importancia para o traballo no laboratorio e para o posterior desempeño do labor profesional da enxeñeira ou do enxeñeiro forestal e do medio natural. Ademais, faremos fincapé nos fenómenos relativos ás aplicacións das disolucións, o que nos permitirá entender por que cando vai frío en inverno debemos engadir anticonxelante á auga do sistema de refrixeración dun automóbil, ou botar sal nas estradas para evitar a formación dunha capa de xeo.Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Servizo de Normalización Lingüístic

Synthetic Route to Novel Asymmetric Tetradentate Ligands Containing Both Amino and Imino Groups

The 18th International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry session General Organic SynthesisThe synthesis of a new asymmetric ligand (E)-4-bromo-2-(((2-((5-bromo-2-hydroxybenzyl)(methyl)amino)ethyl)imino)methyl)phenol, which was conceived to model the asymmetry in the active site of peroxidase/catalase mimics, is reported. The new synthetic route involves seven steps: 1) obtention of phthalimido-acetal; 2) Acetal deprotection; 3) Synthesis of the salicylamine; 4) Obtention of the benzoxacine; 5) Reduction of the benzoxacine with NaBH3CN; 6) Reduction with hydrazine to form salycilamine; 7) Synthesis of the final ligand by condensation of salicylamine with salycilaldehyde. All organic products were characterised by microanalysis and 1H NMR, IR and mass spectroscopie

Electrochemical Conversion of the Lignin Model Veratryl Alcohol to Veratryl Aldehyde Using Manganese(III)-Schiff Base Homogeneous Catalysts

Lignin and other colored structures need to be bleached after the Kraft process in the pulp industry. Development of environmentally-safe bleaching catalysts or electrocatalysts constitutes an attractive strategy for selective removal of lignin. Seven manganese(III)-complexes with Schiff base ligands 1–7 were synthetized and characterized by different analytical and spectroscopic techniques. The tetragonally elongated octahedral geometry for the manganese coordination sphere and the global µ-aquo dimeric structure were revealed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies for 1, Mn2L12(H2O)2(N(CN)2)2 (N(CN)2 = dicyanamide). Complexes 1–4 behave as more efficient peroxidase mimics as compared to 5–7. Electrochemical oxidation of the lignin model veratrylalcohol (VA) to veratrylaldehyde (VAH) is efficiently catalyzed by a type of dimanganese(III) complexes in a chlorine-free medium. The electrocatalytic reaction proceeds through the oxidation of chloride into hypochlorite at alkaline pH along with the formation of hydrogen from water as a subproductThis research was funded by Xunta de Galicia (GRC GI-1584-ED431C2018/13 Suprabioin Research Group, and MetalBIO Network ED431D 2017/01)S

Study of the conformational rearrangement of a tetradentate hydrazone ligand

We report herein the first example of a tetradentate hydrazone structurally studied. The analysis of the conformations of this molecule together with the hydrogen bonding interactions allowed us to investigate the changes experienced by this ligand upon coordination to metal center

Crystal structure of H4L1 (N-N’-Bis(o-hydroxybenzoyl)ethylenediamine)

The 10th International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry session General Organic SynthesisThree bis-amide bis-phenoxy N2O2 ligands were obtained from the 2:1 molar reaction of phenyl salicylate and the diamines (1,2-diaminoethane, 1,3-diaminopropane and 1,4-diaminobutane) to yield H4Ln (H4L1, H4L2, H4L3 respectively). The ligands have been characterised by elemental analysis, IR, and 1H 13C NMR spectroscopies, mass spectrometry (ES) and X-ray diffractio

Synthesis of dicompartimental schiff base ligands : Crystal structure of (n-n'-bis(3- methoxy or 3-ethoxysalicylidene)-1,2-diamine-2-methylpropane

The 14th International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry session General Organic SynthesisThe condensation of 3-methoxy or 3-ethoxy-2-hydroxybenzaldehyde and 1,2 diamine -2-methylpropane, to yield at the dianionic hexadentate Schiff base ligands H2 Ln (H2 L1 , H2 L2 respectively). The ligands have been characterised by elemental analysis, IR, 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopies and mass spectrometry (ES). The crystal structure of the two ligands was solved by X-ray crystallography, revealing its ability to bind metal centre

Crystal Structure of H2L (N,N'-BIS(3-METHOXYSALICYLIDENE)-1,4-Diaminobutane

The 11th International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry session General Organic SynthesisThree multidentate Schiff-base ligands were obtained by condensation of different diamines (1,3-diaminopropane, 1,3-diamino-2,2-dimethylpropane, 1,4-diaminobutane) and 3-methoxy-2-hydroxybenzaldehyde to yield H 2 L n (H 2 L 1 , H 2 L 2 and H 2 L 3 , respectively). The ligands have been characterised by elemental analysis, IR, and 1 H and 13 C NMR spectroscopies, mass spectrometry (ES) and X-ray diffractio

Crystal structure of (n-n'-bis(3-ethoxysalicylidene)-1,2-diaminopropane

The 13th International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry session General Organic SynthesisThree hexadentate Schiff base ligands were obtained by condensation of 3-ethoxy-2-hydroxybenzaldehyde and different diamines (1,2-diaminoethane, 1,2-diaminopropane, 1,2-diamino-2-metylpropane) to yield H2Ln (H2L1, H2L2 and H2L3, respectively). The ligands have been characterised by elemental analysis, IR, and 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopic techniques, mass spectrometry (ES) and X-ray diffractio

Crystal structure of H4L (N-N’-Bis(o-hydroxybenzoyl) 1,4 -diaminobutane

The 19th International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry session General Organic SynthesisA bis-amide bis-phenoxi N2O2 ligand was obtained from the 2:1 molar reaction of phenyl salicylate and the diamine, 1,4-Diaminobutane, to yield H4L. The ligand has been characterised by elemental analysis, IR, and 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopies, mass spectrometry (ES) and X ray diffraction spectroscop

Risk categories in COVID-19 based on degrees of inflammation: data on more than 17,000 patients from the Spanish SEMI-COVID-19 registry

Background: the inflammation or cytokine storm that accompanies COVID-19 marks the prognosis. This study aimed to identify three risk categories based on inflammatory parameters on admission. Methods: retrospective cohort study of patients diagnosed with COVID-19, collected and followed-up from 1 March to 31 July 2020, from the nationwide Spanish SEMI-COVID-19 Registry. The three categories of low, intermediate, and high risk were determined by taking into consideration the terciles of the total lymphocyte count and the values of C-reactive protein, lactate dehydrogenase, ferritin, and D-dimer taken at the time of admission. Results: a total of 17,122 patients were included in the study. The high-risk group was older (57.9 vs. 64.2 vs. 70.4 years; p < 0.001) and predominantly male (37.5% vs. 46.9% vs. 60.1%; p < 0.001). They had a higher degree of dependence in daily tasks prior to admission (moderate-severe dependency in 10.8% vs. 14.1% vs. 17%; p < 0.001), arterial hypertension (36.9% vs. 45.2% vs. 52.8%; p < 0.001), dyslipidemia (28.4% vs. 37% vs. 40.6%; p < 0.001), diabetes mellitus (11.9% vs. 17.1% vs. 20.5%; p < 0.001), ischemic heart disease (3.7% vs. 6.5% vs. 8.4%; p < 0.001), heart failure (3.4% vs. 5.2% vs. 7.6%; p < 0.001), liver disease (1.1% vs. 3% vs. 3.9%; p = 0.002), chronic renal failure (2.3% vs. 3.6% vs. 6.7%; p < 0.001), cancer (6.5% vs. 7.2% vs. 11.1%; p < 0.001), and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (5.7% vs. 5.4% vs. 7.1%; p < 0.001). They presented more frequently with fever, dyspnea, and vomiting. These patients more frequently required high flow nasal cannula (3.1% vs. 4.4% vs. 9.7%; p < 0.001), non-invasive mechanical ventilation (0.9% vs. 3% vs. 6.3%; p < 0.001), invasive mechanical ventilation (0.6% vs. 2.7% vs. 8.7%; p < 0.001), and ICU admission (0.9% vs. 3.6% vs. 10.6%; p < 0.001), and had a higher percentage of in-hospital mortality (2.3% vs. 6.2% vs. 23.9%; p < 0.001). The three risk categories proved to be an independent risk factor in multivariate analyses. Conclusion: the present study identifies three risk categories for the requirement of high flow nasal cannula, mechanical ventilation, ICU admission, and in-hospital mortality based on lymphopenia and inflammatory parameters