Cálculo y diseño de las instalaciones de una granja avícola

Se trata de un proyecto basado en el cálculo y diseño de las instalaciones necesarias para la ejecución y funcionamiento de una nave de carácter avícola, los elementos principales a tener en cuenta son, la instalación de un autómata para el sistema de alimentación tanto sólida como líquida, con el uso de sensores, y el MICROTONIC 3000, robot autómata instalado en la granja, y la presencia de un sistema de alimentación eléctrica de placas fotovoltaicas, con el fin de servir de sistema de apoyo a la instalación principal.Departamento de Ingeniería EléctricaIngeniero Técnico Industrial, Especialidad en Electricida

Density, speed of sound, refractive index and relative permittivity of methanol, propan-1-ol or pentan-1-ol + benzylamine liquid mixtures. Application of the Kirkwood-Fröhlich model

Producción CientíficaDensities (P), speeds of sound (c), relative permittivities at 1 MHz (er) and refractive indices at the sodium D-line (nD) at T = (293.15 K to 303.15 K) and p = 0.1 MPa are reported for binary liquid mixtures alkan-1- ol + benzylamine. Methanol, propan-1-ol and pentan-1-ol are the alkan-1-ols studied in this work. The values of the excess molar volume (VE m), excess isentropic compressibility (jE S ), excess speed of sound (cE), excess refractive index (nE D), excess relative permittivity (eE r ) and its temperature derivative ð@eE r =@TÞp are calculated, and they are adjusted to Redlich-Kister polynomials. The VE m values are negative, indicating a predominance of the solvation between unlike molecules and structural effects. eE r values indicate a positive contribution from the creation of (alkan-1-ol)-benzylamine interactions, and the pos- itive value for the methanol mixture emphasises the importance of solvation. Calculations on excess molar refractions point out to weaker dispersive interactions than in the ideal mixture, which may be explained by the mentioned solvation effects. The Kirkwood-Fröhlich model has been applied to the mix- tures, and the Kirkwood correlation factors suggest an important relative weight, especially in the metha- nol system, of linear-like molecules in the solutions, which is in accordance with the positive contribution of the formed multimers to eE r due to their good effective response to the electric field.Junta de Castilla y León, ( Consejería de Educación - Apoyo a GIR, BDNS: 425389) Project VA100G19Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte ( grant FPU15/05456

Thermodynamics of amide + amine mixtures. 5. Excess molar enthalpies of N,N-dimethylformamide or N,N-dimethylacetamide + N-propylpropan-1-amine, + N-butylbutan-1-amine, + butan-1-amine, or + hexan-1-amine systems at 298.15 K. Application of the ERAS model

Producción CientíficaExcess molar enthalpies, HEm, over the whole composition range have been determined for the liquid mixtures N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) or N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMA) + butan-1-amine (BA), or + hexan-1-amine (HxA), or + N-propylpropan-1-amine (DPA), or N-butylbutan-1-amine (DBA) at 298.15 K and at 0.1 MPa using a BT2.15 calorimeter from Setaram adapted to work in dynamic mode at constant temperature and pressure. All the HEm values are positive, indicating that interactions between like molecules are predominant. The replacement of DMF by DMA in systems with a given amine leads to lower HEm results, which have been ascribed to stronger amide-amide interactions in DMF mixtures. The replacement of HxA by DPA in systems with a given amide leads to slightly higher HEm values, as interactions between unlike molecules are weaker for the latter. Structural effects in the investigated solutions are also present, since the corresponding excess molar volumes (VEm), previously determined, are negative or slightly positive. The systems have been characterized in terms of the ERAS model reporting the interaction parameters. The model correctly describes both HEm and VEm. The application of the model suggests that, in the systems under study, solvation effects are of minor importance and that physical interactions are dominant.Consejería de Educación, Junta de Castilla y León: Project VA100G19 (Apoyo a GIR, BDNS: 425389)Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte (MECD): Grant FPU14/04104Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte (MECD): Complementary Grants EST16/00824 and EST17/0029

Thermodynamics of amide + amine mixtures. 4. Relative permittivities of N,N-dimethylacetamide + N-propylpropan-1-amine, + N-butylbutan-1-amine, + butan-1-amine, or + hexan-1-amine systems and of N,N-dimethylformamide + aniline mixture at several temperatures. Characterization of amine + amide systems using ERAS

Producción CientíficaRelative permittivities at 1 MHz and at (293.15-303.15) K are reported for the binary systems N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMA) + N-propylpropan-1-amine (DPA), + N-butylbutan-1-amine (DBA), + butan-1-amine (BA) or + hexan-1-amine (HxA) and for N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) + aniline. The excess permittivities are large and negative for systems with DMA, whereas they are large and positive for the aniline mixture. From the analysis of these excess permittivity data and of measurements previously reported, it is concluded: (i) the main contribution to the excess permittivity in systems with linear amines arises from the breaking of interactions between like molecules; (ii) in the DMF + aniline mixture, interactions between unlike molecules contribute positively to the excess permittivity, and such a contribution is dominant; (iii) longer linear amines are better breakers of the amide-amide interactions; (iv) interactions between unlike molecules are more easily formed when shorter linear amines, or DMF, participate. These findings are confirmed by a general study conducted in terms of excess values of molar orientational and induced polarizabilities and of the relative Kirkwood correlation factors for systems and components. The ERAS model is also applied to amide + amine mixtures. ERAS represents rather accurately the excess enthalpies and volumes of the mentioned systems. The variation of the cross-association equilibrium constants, determined using ERAS, with the molecular structure is in agreement with that observed for the excess permittivity.The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support received from the Consejería de Educación y Cultura of Junta de Castilla y León, under Project BU034U16. F. Hevia and A. Cobos are grateful to Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte for the grants FPU14/04104 and FPU15/05456 respectively

Understanding the complex geomorphology of a deep sea area affected by continental tectonic indentation: The case of the Gulf of Vera (Western Mediterranean)

19 pages, 11 figures, 1 table, supplementary data https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2022.108126.-- Data availability: Casas, D., & UTM-CSIC. (2018). FAUCES-1 Cruise, RV Sarmiento de Gamboa [Data set]. UTM-CSIC. doi: 10.20351/29SG20170925 Comas, M. & UTM-CSIC. TOPOMED-GASBATS. Cruise, RV Sarmiento de Gamboa [Data set]. UTM-CSIC.doi: 10.20351/29SG20120517We present a multidisciplinary study of morphology, stratigraphy, sedimentology, tectonic structure, and physical oceanography to report that the complex geomorphology of the Palomares continental margin and adjacent Algerian abyssal plain (i.e., Gulf of Vera, Western Mediterranean), is the result of the sedimentary response to the Aguilas Arc continental tectonic indentation in the Eurasian–Africa plate collision. The indentation is imprinted on the basement of the margin with elongated metamorphic antiforms that are pierced by igneous bodies, and synforms that accommodate the deformation and create a complex physiography. The basement is partially covered by Upper Miocene deposits sealed by the regional Messinian Erosive Surface characterized by palaeocanyons that carve the modern margin. These deposits and outcropping basement highs are then covered and shaped by Plio-Quaternary contourites formed under the action of the Light Intermediate and Dense Deep Mediterranean bottom currents. Even though bottom currents are responsible for the primary sedimentation that shapes the margin, 97% of this region's seafloor is affected by mass-movements that modified contourite sediments by eroding, deforming, faulting, sliding, and depositing sediments. Mass-movement processes have resulted in the formation of recurrent mass-flow deposits, an enlargement of the submarine canyons and gully incisions, and basin-scale gravitational slides spreading above the Messinian Salinity Crisis salt layer. The Polopo, Aguilas and Gata slides are characterized by an extensional upslope domain that shapes the continental margin, and by a downslope contractional domain that shapes the abyssal plain with diapirs piercing (hemi)pelagites/sheet-like turbidites creating a seafloor dotted by numerous crests. The mass movements were mostly triggered by the interplay of the continental tectonic indentation of the Aguilas Arc with sedimentological factors over time. The indentation, which involves the progressively southeastward tectonic tilting of the whole land-sea region, likely generated a quasi-continuous oversteepening of the entire margin, thus reducing the stability of the contourites. In addition, tectonic tilting and subsidence of the abyssal plain favoured the flow of the underlying Messinian Salinity Crisis salt layer, contributing to the gravitational instability of the overlying sediments over large areas of the margin and abyssal plainThis research has been funding by the Spanish projects: DAMAGE (CGL2016-80687-RAEI/FEDER) and FAUCES (CTM2015-65461-C2-1-R); and the Junta de Andalucía projects: RNM-148 (AGORA) P18-RT-3275 and PAPEL (B-RNM-301-UGR18). [...] This work acknowledges to IGCP 640 - S4LIDE (Significance of Modern and Ancient Submarine Slope LandSLIDEs), and to the ‘Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence’ accreditation (CEX2019-000928-S

Spain

This chapter presents a review of the situation concerning the various geomorphological hazards in the country, including some information about existing programmes for research, control and mitigation. With its great variety of climatic, geological and morphodynamic environments, Spain is subject to every kind of natural hazard: tsunamis, floods, volcanism, and mass movements. The whole of the territory is prone to some kind of geomorphological hazard but it is in the eastern and southern coastal strips that the risks are greatest. One of the main problems for the mitigation of geomorphological hazards in Spain is the lack of an appropriate regulatory framework for the incorporation of natural hazard assessments into land-use planning and management at the macro-, meso- and micro-planning levels. The coverage of hazard mapping is still far from complete or adequate, and much work remains to be done. There has been considerable diversity in the methods used for risk assessment and for the cartographic representation of natural hazards. An urgent need is to establish common, accepted methodologies and criteria, based on indicators defined as clearly as possible, and to standardize map legends and scales for different planning levels. Information programmes for the general public also need to be considerably expanded

Measurement of the cosmic ray spectrum above 4×10184{\times}10^{18} eV using inclined events detected with the Pierre Auger Observatory

A measurement of the cosmic-ray spectrum for energies exceeding $4{\times}10^{18}$ eV is presented, which is based on the analysis of showers with zenith angles greater than $60^{\circ}$ detected with the Pierre Auger Observatory between 1 January 2004 and 31 December 2013. The measured spectrum confirms a flux suppression at the highest energies. Above $5.3{\times}10^{18}$ eV, the "ankle", the flux can be described by a power law $E^{-\gamma}$ with index $\gamma=2.70 \pm 0.02 \,\text{(stat)} \pm 0.1\,\text{(sys)}$ followed by a smooth suppression region. For the energy ($E_\text{s}$) at which the spectral flux has fallen to one-half of its extrapolated value in the absence of suppression, we find $E_\text{s}=(5.12\pm0.25\,\text{(stat)}^{+1.0}_{-1.2}\,\text{(sys)}){\times}10^{19}$ eV.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DO