New results on metric-locating-dominating sets of graphs

A dominating set $S$ of a graph is a metric-locating-dominating set if each vertex of the graph is uniquely distinguished by its distances from the elements of $S$, and the minimum cardinality of such a set is called the metric-location-domination number. In this paper, we undertake a study that, in general graphs and specific families, relates metric-locating-dominating sets to other special sets: resolving sets, dominating sets, locating-dominating sets and doubly resolving sets. We first characterize classes of trees according to certain relationships between their metric-location-domination number and their metric dimension and domination number. Then, we show different methods to transform metric-locating-dominating sets into locating-dominating sets and doubly resolving sets. Our methods produce new bounds on the minimum cardinalities of all those sets, some of them involving parameters that have not been related so far.Comment: 13 pages, 3 figure

On the evolutionary genetics of disease resistance in the Arabidopsis thaliana wild pathosystem

In this thesis, I aimed to reveal the genetic and evolutionary mechanisms governing plant-pathogen interactions in wild populations. I adopted Arabidopsis thaliana - Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis as a model pathosystem to interrogate the relative importance of different genetic processes that affect natural populations. I focused on North American populations of A. thaliana , which are outside the native range and can therefore be considered as colonizing and possibly invasive populations. Hpa is a suitable pathogen for coevolutionary studies because it is a specialist obligate biotroph of A. thaliana , which means it is in tight coevolution with its host

Macroeconomic Effects of Structural Fiscal Policy Changes in Colombia

In the past decade the Colombian Economic Authorities undertook a series of measures that reduced the structural fiscal deficit, decreased the Government currency mismatch and deepened the local fixed-rate public bond market. This paper presents some evidence suggesting that these improvements had important effects on the behavior of the macroeconomy. They seem to have permanently reduced the sovereign risk premium, increased the reaction of output to Government expenditure shocks and strengthened the response of market interest rates to monetary policy shocks.Fiscal Policy, Macroeconomy, Monetary Policy and Real Interest.

La Virgen de San Blas de Buriñondo en Bergara: ejemplo y excepción de Virgen abridera trinitaria

The studied example shows the increase of Marian worship in the Late Middle Ages, its symbolic connotations and contemporary theological concerns. Through the connection of the iconographies of Praying Virgin, Our Lady of Expectation, Sedes Sapientiae, and the «Throne of Grace» Trinity, it was praised Mary whose role was essential for divinity’s Incarnation. However, that superposition of subjects could lead to error since Christian congregation was made to believe that the complete Trinity became incarnate in Mary, despite of the fact that it was only the Son who did it. The theological concerns continued until 1745, when the pope Benedict XIV promulgated a condemning bull.El ejemplo estudiado refleja la exacerbación del culto mariano bajomedieval, sus connotaciones simbólicas y los recelos que despertó entre los teólogos del momento. Através de la interrelación de los temas de la Virgen Orante, de la Expectación, la Sedes Sapientiae y la Trinidad Trono de Gracia, se ensalzaba la participación de María en la encarnación de la divinidad. Pero al mismo tiempo se inducía a error, pues se hacía creer a los fieles que la Trinidad al completo había tomado carne humana en María, cuando en realidad había sido sólo el Verbo. Los prejuicios teológicos se sucedieron hasta 1745, fecha en que el papa Benedicto XIV promulgó una bula condenatoria

La reinterpretación de la herencia artística bajomedieval: el caso de las Vírgenes abrideras trinitarias impulsadas por la Orden Teutónica

Sin resume

Pictorical market in Spain. Forties and Sixties years (Biosca, Edurne and Mordó Galleries)

Las galerías de arte Biosca, Edurne y Mordó, son divulgadoras del arte contemporáneo en España. Con ellas se abrió un camino hacia el arte más actual, contribuyendo a un mayor conocimiento de pintores que en España no eran muy conocidos. Tuvieron una gran variedad expositiva, mezclando no solo obras de arte figurativo sino también de arte abstracto. De las tres, Biosca es la que tuvo una línea más conservadora, aunque se preocupó de dar a conocer pintores poco conocidos. Juana Mordó, apostó desde el principio por los artistas españoles contemporáneos y la galería Edurne, la más ecléctica, dando a conocer junto a obras de artistas consagrados, obras de pintores poco conocidos.Art galleries, Biosca, Edurne and Mordó are disseminators of the contemporary art in Spain. With them, a new way was opened towards the art current, because of that, they contribute a better painters knowledge, who in Spain were not known. They had a variety exhibitions, and involved figurative master pieces but also abstract art. They have exhibit paint of european artists and spanish abstracts artists. Of the three galleries, Biosca was the only one that was more conservative, although the gallerie was worried to published artists who was not known. Juana Mordó, exhibited the last artistic trends, and Edurne was the most eclectic, because they have exhibited acclaimed artists, with not very known artists

Assessing Inflationary Pressures in Colombia

The assessment of inflationary pressures in Colombia has faced two important challenges in the present decade. The first one occurred in 2006 and consisted of detecting an overheating economy in the midst of fast growing investment and increasing measured productivity. The second challenge took place in 2007-2008, when the economy was hit by a number of "supply" shocks and core inflation indicators sent diverging signals about the transmission of those shocks to macroeconomic inflation. An evaluation of the first episode shows that traditional indicators of productivity and unit labor costs were not sufficient to identify "supply" and "demand" movements. Thus, policymakers had to rely on a wider array of variables to gauge the state of the economy. Regarding the second episode, an evaluation of core inflation indicators according to standard criteria suggests that no particular measure seems to be clearly superior to the others. Hence, the assessment of inflationary pressures should not rely only on one or few core inflation indicators, since some signals could be picked by some measures and not by others. Moreover, this result suggests that the analysis of core inflation measures must be complemented with a careful examination of the persistence of the shocks and a close monitoring of their impact on inflation expectations. It is found that the latter are formed on the basis of past inflation, but that the inflation target also plays a role. In addition, inflation expectations partially move with "supply" shocks, an outcome that reflects a degree of credibility of monetary policy.Core Inflation Indicators, Inflation Expectations, Monetary Policy. Classification JEL: E31, E39, E52.

Una lectura médica de las imágenes medievales del nacimiento

This paper deals with gynecological information present in medieval images. While the History of Medicine has carefully studied written sources concerning pregnant women, the Art History has not paid enough attention to obstetrical information of medieval images, especially when those ones had been made with doctrinal aims. For that reason, I will analyze three sorts of Christian pictures, Virgin Mary’s, Jesus Christ’s, and John’s the Baptist’s Birth, trying to get from them gynecological data about topics such as newborn children’s wrapping, anatomical position of pregnant women during labour, and midwives’ assistance. Briefly, I would like to study the mutual influence of Christian thought and Scientist knowledge, and how that interrelation was depicted in works of art.Este articulo se centra en el valor historico-artistico de las piezas medievales de contenido ginecologico. Aunque la Historia de la Medicina se ha preocupado por recopilar textos y noticias referentes a los cuidados de las gestantes, la Historia del Arte no ha prestado suficiente atencion a la información de caracter obstetrico presente en las imagenes, especialmente cuando estas habian sido realizadas con una finalidad doctrinal. En pos de invertir esta tendencia, analizaremos tres grupos de representaciones cristianas (Nacimientos de la Virgen, de Cristo y de Juan Bautista), buscando en ellas información ginecologica relativa al vendado terapeutico de los recien nacidos, la postura de la parturienta, o la labor de las parteras. En definitiva, nos interesa conocer no solo la importancia que ejercio el cristianismo en la elaboracion conceptual y visual de la iconografia de la gestacion, sino tambien como las obras de arte se hicieron eco del pensamiento cientifico de la epoca

¿Existen razones para dudar de la validez de las inferencias hechas, a partir de los resultados de la prueba de matemáticas en el examen de estado en Colombia?

Este trabajo es producto de una investigación que los autores desarrollaron como requisito para obtener el título de magíster en docencia de las matemáticas, que otorga la Universidad Pedagógicas Nacional. El estudio consistió en establecer la validez de las inferencias que se realizaron, a partir de los resultados del Examen de Estado en Colombia, en los años 2003 y 2004. Dos aspectos fueron fundamentales en el desarrollo del estudio: la teoría sobre el concepto unificado de validez y la relación entre la competencia matemática (objeto de evaluación del Examen de Estado para el instrumento de matemáticas) y la comprensión del concepto de función lineal. El análisis sobre la validez de las inferencias derivadas de los resultados del Examen se fundamentó en la coherencia que debe existir entre los elementos que componen la prueba de Matemáticas: El instrumento de evaluación, el marco conceptual y el marco de interpretación de resultados