The license/contract dichotomy in open licenses: a comparative analysis

The paper looks at the legal nature of so-called open licenses – agreements designed to provide permissions to users and publishers through “some rights reserved” clauses. The article starts with the assertion that copyright licenses are contracts in Civil Law jurisdictions, and looks at the opposing views and practice in Common Law jurisdictions. The article particularly looks at recent case law in the United States which deals specifically with the issue, and concludes that there is now a clear jurisdictional split between both traditions on whether these licenses are contracts

The drugs don’t work: access to medicines in the developing world

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Viral contracts or unenforceable documents? Contractual validity of copyleft licenses

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Scale-free law: network science and copyright

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A smooth permanent surge process

In this paper we introduce the Smooth Permanent Surge [SPS] model. The model is an integrated non lineal moving average process with possibly unit roots in the moving average coefficients. The process nests the Stochastic Permanent Break [STOPBREAK] process by Engle and Smith (1999) and in a limiting case it converges to Threshold Integrated Moving Average [TIMA] models by Gonzalo and Martinez (2003). A test of SPS against STOPBREAK process is presented. Additionally, we introduce a new test for testing SPS process against the random walk. The small sample properties of these tests are investigated by Monte Carlo experiments. An application to the stock markets is presented.Linearity test; Monte Carlo testing; Smooth transitions; Moving Averages Models; Permanent Shock; Transitory Shocks.

Overview of business archives in Spain

The ICA Section of Business and Labour Archives is compiling several reports on the position of business archives around the world. The present communication is a state of the art in business archives in Spain, placed in several point: national and regional legislation, specific national policies for business archives, business archives associations, training and current bibliography. A serious problem fort the future of business archives in Spain is the disinterest on the part of the businessmen about the Archive’s importance in a compan

Modelling autoregressive processes with a shifting mean

This paper contains a nonlinear, nonstationary autoregressive model whose intercept changes deterministically over time. The intercept is a flexible function of time, and its construction bears some resemblance to neural network models. A modelling technique, modified from one for single hidden-layer neural network models, is developed for specification and estimation of the model. Its performance is investigated by simulation and further illustrated by two applications to macroeconomic time series.deterministic shift, nonlinear autoregression, nonstationarity, nonlinear trend, structural change Classification JEL: C22; C52.

Is Momentum Due to Data-Snooping?

This paper explores the profitability of portfolio-based momentum strategies. The data consists of all NYSE, AMEX, and NASDAQ stocks on the CRSP database. The analysis considers the period July 1963 to December 2002 and the tests are performed on portfolios formed on industry, size and book-to-market. The departure from earlier studies lies in the way we test for profitability. To avoid the serious problem of data-snooping we apply the procedure provided by White (2000). Overall, we find strong evidence of a momentum effect where an investor takes a long position on the winner portfolio and a short position on the loser portfolio. Hence, we reject the hypothesis of weak market efficiency. Splitting the sample in two parts, 1963:07 to 1981:12 and 1982:01 to 2002:12 we found that the best momentum strategy was profitable during the first period and not during the second. The overall significance is thus driven by events in the earlier part of the sample and it appears that the market has become more efficient.Momentum; Data-snooping; Bootstrap

Enseñanza y aprendizaje del álgebra lineal a través de sus relaciones intra e inter matemáticas

Describimos el proceso llevado a cabo en el desarrollo de un curso de álgebra lineal dirigido a estudiantes para profesor de matemática en la Universidad Pedagógica Experimental Libertador de Venezuela (UPEL), con la intención de impulsar un cambio metodológico en su enseñanza y aprendizaje fundamentado en las inmensas posibilidades que tiene esta área al explorar y explotar sus relaciones intra e inter Matemáticas. Los estudiantes escribieron, individualmente, un balance del tipo reflexivo en relación con los objetos y procesos algebraicos manipulados en el contexto de la experiencia, éstas se constituyeron en el corpus informativo que luego fue estudiado mediante técnicas de análisis. Los hallazgos muestran que el discente: concientiza la complejidad de los objetos propios del álgebra, comprende la conexión entre el lenguaje natural y el algebraico, en particular el rol del simbolismo; es capaz de articular logros en el área de álgebra a lo largo de la carrera universitaria, vislumbra el papel que jugará esta área en el reto interdisciplinar

Transcription-mediated replication hindrance: a major driver of genome instability

Genome replication involves dealing with obstacles that can result from DNA damage but also from chromatin alterations, topological stress, tightly bound proteins or non-B DNA structures such as R loops. Experimental evidence reveals that an engaged transcription machinery at the DNA can either enhance such obstacles or be an obstacle itself. Thus, transcription can become a potentially hazardous process promoting localized replication fork hindrance and stress, which would ultimately cause genome instability, a hallmark of cancer cells. Understanding the causes behind transcription–replication conflicts as well as how the cell resolves them to sustain genome integrity is the aim of this review