Influence of Feeding Enzymatically Hydrolyzed Yeast Cell Wall on Growth Performance and Digestive Function of Feedlot Cattle during Periods of Elevated Ambient Temperature.

In experiment 1, eighty crossbred steers (239±15 kg) were used in a 229-d experiment to evaluate the effects of increasing levels of enzymatically hydrolyzed yeast (EHY) cell wall in diets on growth performance feedlot cattle during periods of elevated ambient temperature. Treatments consisted of steam-flaked corn-based diets supplemented to provide 0, 1, 2, or 3 g EHY/hd/d. There were no effects on growth performance during the initial 139-d period. However, from d 139 to harvest, when 24-h temperature humidity index averaged 80, EHY increased dry matter intake (DMI) (linear effect, p<0.01) and average daily gain (ADG) (linear effect, p = 0.01). There were no treatment effects (p>0.10) on carcass characteristics. In experiment 2, four Holstein steers (292±5 kg) with cannulas in the rumen and proximal duodenum were used in a 4×4 Latin Square design experiment to evaluate treatments effects on characteristics of ruminal and total tract digestion in steers. There were no treatment effects (p>0.10) on ruminal pH, total volatile fatty acid, molar proportions of acetate, butyrate, or estimated methane production. Supplemental EHY decreased ruminal molar proportion of acetate (p = 0.08), increased molar proportion of propionate (p = 0.09), and decreased acetate:propionate molar ratio (p = 0.07) and estimated ruminal methane production (p = 0.09). It is concluded that supplemental EHY may enhance DMI and ADG of feedlot steers during periods of high ambient temperature. Supplemental EHY may also enhance ruminal fiber digestion and decrease ruminal acetate:propionate molar ratios in feedlot steers fed steam-flaked corn-based finishing diets

Oxidative stress is tightly regulated by cytochrome c phosphorylation and respirasome factors in mitochondria

Respiratory cytochrome c has been found to be phosphorylated at tyrosine 97 in the postischemic brain upon neuroprotective insulin treatment, but how such posttranslational modification affects mitochondrial metabolism is unclear. Here, we report the structural features and functional behavior of a phosphomimetic cytochrome c mutant, which was generated by site-specific incorporation at position 97 of p-carboxymethyl-l-phenylalanine using the evolved tRNA synthetase method. We found that the point mutation does not alter the overall folding and heme environment of cytochrome c, but significantly affects the entire oxidative phosphorylation process. In fact, the electron donation rate of the mutant heme protein to cytochrome c oxidase, or complex IV, within respiratory supercomplexes was higher than that of the wild-type species, in agreement with the observed decrease in reactive oxygen species production. Direct contact of cytochrome c with the respiratory supercomplex factor HIGD1A (hypoxia-inducible domain family member 1A) is reported here, with the mutant heme protein exhibiting a lower affinity than the wild-type species. Interestingly, phosphomimetic cytochrome c also exhibited a lower caspase-3 activation activity. Altogether, these findings yield a better understanding of the molecular basis for mitochondrial metabolism in acute diseases, such as brain ischemia, and thus could allow the use of phosphomimetic cytochrome c as a neuroprotector with therapeutic applications.España, Junta de Andalucía BIO-198España MINECO BFU2015-71017/BM

Gestión del conocimiento e interacciones transformadoras de los actores gubernamentales para el desarrollo local

La presente investigación se realizó a partir de la problemática referida a cómo las interacciones de los actores gubernamentales no están viabilizando el desarrollo local. En correspondencia con las características del municipio de Florencia, el trabajo se concibió y realizó desde una perspectiva comunitaria, que privilegió la participación como condición y estilo de trabajo. Este estudio, contribuyó al cambio en las interacciones de los actores gubernamentales y a someter a crítica la reproducción de prácticas que limitan el desarrollo. Se facilitó el tránsito de interacciones pasivas a transformadoras, porque posibilita articular creativamente las potencialidades endógenas del territorio con otras oportunidades internas o externas, teniendo como base los procesos de cooperación e implementación de proyectos. Al manifestarse la influencia de la gestión del conocimiento en las interacciones de los actores gubernamentales, los resultados obtenidos aportan a las Ciencias Sociológicas

SISTEMA DE INNOVACIÓN AGROPECUARIA LOCAL: ALTERNATIVA DE DESARROLLO PARA EL MUNICIPIO DE BARAGUÁ A PARTIR DE UN PLAN DE ACCIÓN DESDE LAS CONCEPCIONES DE LA CULTURA DE LA PARTICIPACIÓN / LOCAL AGRICULTURAL INNOVATION SYSTEM: DEVELOPMENT ALTERNATIVE FOR THE MUNICIPALITY OF BARAGUÁ FROM A PLAN OF ACTION SINCE THE CONCEPTIONS OF THE CULTURE OF PARTICIPATION

El trabajo refleja el estado actual que presenta el contexto agropecuario actual  del municipio de Baraguá en la Provincia de Ciego de Ávila, producto de la escasa visualización que se tiene respecto al desarrollo local. La existencia de algunas innovaciones locales y la poca comunicación de los mismos hacen que sus pobladores no perciban sus potencialidades como oportunidades que pueden revertirse en la solución  de sus necesidades y problemáticas locales, lo que hace que se proponga la inserción  del Sistema de Innovación Agropecuaria Local en el municipio como alternativa para su desarrollo desde las concepciones de la cultura de la participació

DESAFÍOS DEL SISTEMA DE INNOVACIÓN AGROPECUARIO LOCAL EN EL MUNICIPIO DE VENEZUELA / CHALLENGES OF THE LOCAL AGRICULTURAL INNOVATION SYSTEM IN THE MUNICIPALITY OF VENEZUELA

En el contexto agropecuario del municipio Venezuela existen diversos emprendimientos locales que constituyen innovaciones que tipifican la localidad, no obstante, el desconocimiento, la falta de percepción de los actores sobre el desarrollo que necesitan provoca falta de integración entre ellos en aras del desarrollo local que se debe proyectar. Estas condicionantes provocaron el siguiente problema científico: ¿cómo insertar el Sistema de Innovación Agropecuario Local en el municipio de Venezuela? Identificándose como objetivo general: evaluar las condicionantes sociales para la inserción del Sistema de Innovación Agropecuario Local en el municipio de Venezuela. La aplicación de varios instrumentos y la consulta a expertos permitió identificar las limitaciones y potencialidades del contexto agropecuario y su influencia en los sistemas de innovación y se diseñaron acciones multiactorales integradas y contextualizadas como mecanismos que garantizan la coherencia entre los actores locales tales como: los productores, los académicos, científicos y decisores y que accionan por un desarrollo agropecuario sostenible y desde los enfoques de equidad social en el municipio de Venezuel

Social impact of the administration of knowledge in the development of a municipality

El objetivo de la presente investigación es describir los impactos sociales que la gestión del conocimiento ha tenido en el desarrollo social de un municipio, específicamente en el caso de Florencia, Cuba. La metodología utilizada es la de estudio de caso y se emplearon como técnicas la entrevista a informantes clave y la revisión de documentos. Entre los principales resultados obtenidos en el presente trabajo se encuentran: la gestión universitaria del conocimiento influye de forma progresiva en la toma de decisiones a nivel gubernamental; el instrumento mediador es la estrategia de desarrollo local, con sus programas que devienen de la misma y de sus principales prioridades concretadas en sus líneas, gestión energética municipal, producción local de materiales de la construcción y producción de alimentos; cada uno de ellos cuenta con su sistema de indicadores. Existen avances visibles en la realización de demandas gubernamentales a diferentes instituciones del conocimiento, aprovechamiento de redes externas e internas, consolidación de eventos como el de las ciencias sociales de la montaña y la Filial Universitaria Municipal y el Medio Ambiente (FUMMA), presencia de una carpeta de proyectos (investigación y desarrollo) y mejoramiento de la gestión ambiental con el diseño del ordenamiento ambiental del municipio.The objective of the present investigation is to describe the social impacts of the administration of knowledge in the social development of a municipality, specifically in the case of Florence, Cuba. The methodology used is that of case study and the techniques are interviews with key informants and the revision of documents. Some of the main results are that the university administration of knowledge has an increasing influence in the decision-making process at the government level; the mediator instrument is the strategy of local development, with its programs that stem from the same strategy and from the main priorities of the same strategy, municipal energy administration, local production of materials of construction and production of foods; each of these levels has its own system of indicators. There are tangible advances in governmental demands to different institutions of education, the use of external and internal networks, events like that of the social sciences of the mountain and the Filial Universitaria Municipal and the media Ambiente (FUMMA), the existence of a portfolio of projects (investigation and development), and the improvement of the environmental administration with the design of the environmental rules of the municipality

Histone chaperone activity of Arabidopsis thaliana NRP1 is blocked by cytochrome c

Higher-order plants and mammals use similar mechanisms to repair and tolerate oxidative DNA damage. Most studies on the DNA repair process have focused on yeast and mammals, in which histone chaperone-mediated nucleosome disassembly/reassembly is essential for DNA to be accessible to repair machinery. However, little is known about the specific role and modulation of histone chaperones in the context of DNA damage in plants. Here, the histone chaperone NRP1, which is closely related to human SET/TAF-I, was found to exhibit nucleosome assembly activity in vitro and to accumulate in the chromatin of Arabidopsis thaliana after DNA breaks. In addition, this work establishes that NRP1 binds to cytochrome c, thereby preventing the former from binding to histones. Since NRP1 interacts with cytochrome c at its earmuff domain, that is, its histone-binding domain, cytochrome c thus competes with core histones and hampers the activity of NRP1 as a histone chaperone. Altogether, the results obtained indicate that the underlying molecular mechanisms in nucleosome disassembly/reassembly are highly conserved throughout evolution, as inferred from the similar inhibition of plant NRP1 and human SET/TAF-I by cytochrome c during DNA damage response

Estructura de tallas y relaciones biométricas del cangrejo roca Grapsus grapsus en las islas Lobos, Venados y Pájaros, Sinaloa, México

Background. Artisan fishermen along the southern Sinaloa coast catch alternative species, for example the Grapsus grapsus rock crab without biological and fishing controls, when their catches are reduced or when the season for catching certain fish has ended. Goals. We analyzed the size structure and biometric relationships of G. grapsus on Lobos, Venados, and Pájaros Islands of Mazatlán Bay, Sinaloa, Mexico. Methods. The cephalothorax width (CW) and weight (W) were analyzed during a one-year period (March 2012-February 2013). Results. 926 organisms were collected (519 males y 407 females). Pájaros Island had the greater percentage (37.4%) of collected organisms, followed by Lobos (34.2%), and Venados (28.4%) Islands. The greatest values were CW=74.5 mm recorded at Pájaros Island and W = 138.2 g at Venados Island and the lowest values were CW=13.9 mm at Pájaros Island and BW =1.1 g at Lobos Island. Means of CW and W were 41.4 mm and 31.5 g, respectively. The means of CW and W were statistically different between the islands (CL, p = 0.009; W, p < 0.015). Conclusions. High determination coefficients between the variables were obtained, indicating isometric growth. Specimens of G. grapsus increase their size quickly and their weight very slowly.  Antecedentes. En el intermareal de las islas de la bahía de Mazatlán es común que los pescadores ribereños capturen al cangrejo roca Grapsus grapsus sin un control que regule sus tallas y su extracción. Objetivos. Se analizaron las tallas y relaciones biométricas de G. grapsus en las islas Lobos, Venados y Pájaros (Sinaloa, México), entre marzo de 2012 y febrero de 2013 con muestreos mensuales y nocturnos durante la bajamar. Métodos. Por cada isla se recolectaron al azar 30 organismos, cuyo sexo se determinó por dimorfismo sexual y se registraron AN, LT y AL (mm) y PT (g). Se realizaron histogramas de frecuencia y se correlacionaron las variables. Resultados. Se recolectaron 926 organismos: 519 machos y 407 hembras. El mayor porcentaje en isla Pájaros (37.4%), seguido de Lobos (34.2%) y Venados (28.4%). Los valores máximos fueron para AN de 74.5 mm (Pájaros) y PT de 138.2 g (Venados), y los mínimos para AN de 13.9 mm (Pájaros) y en PT 1.1 g (Lobos). Los promedios en AN fueron 41.4 mm y en PT 31.5 g, las medias de AN presentaron diferencias entre islas (p = 0.009) y en PT (p < 0.015). La mayor incidencia modal en AN fue de 32.5 a 52.5 mm y en PT de 11 a 21 g. Conclusiones. Se obtuvieron coeficientes de determinación altos entre las variables y presentaron un crecimiento isométrico. Además, los organismos de G. grapsus incrementan rápidamente de talla y muy lentamente de peso

Structural basis for inhibition of the histone chaperone activity of SET/TAF-Iß by cytochrome c

Chromatin is pivotal for regulation of the DNA damage process insofar as it influences access to DNA and serves as a DNA repair docking site. Recent works identify histone chaperones as key re- gulators of damaged chromatin’s transcriptional activity. However, understanding how chaperones are modulated during DNA damage response is still challenging. This study reveals that the histone chap- erone SET/TAF-Iß interacts with cytochrome c following DNA damage. Specifically, cytochrome c is shown to be translocated into cell nuclei upon induction of DNA damage, but not upon stimulation of the death receptor or stress-induced pathways. Cytochrome c was found to competitively hinder binding of SET/TAF-Iß to core histones, thereby locking its histone-binding domains and inhibiting its nucle- osome assembly activity. In addition, we have used NMR spectros- copy, calorimetry, mutagenesis, and molecular docking to provide an insight into the structural features of the formation of the complex between cytochrome c and SET/TAF-Iß. Overall, these findings estab- lish a framework for understanding the molecular basis of cyto- chrome c-mediated blocking of SET/TAF-Iß, which subsequently may facilitate the development of new drugs to silence the oncogenic effect of SET/TAF-Iß’s histone chaperone activity