29,619 research outputs found
Renormalization group approach to chiral symmetry breaking in graphene
We investigate the development of a gapped phase in the field theory of Dirac
fermions in graphene with long-range Coulomb interaction. In the large-N
approximation, we show that the chiral symmetry is only broken below a critical
number of two-component Dirac fermions , that is exactly half
the value found in quantum electrodynamics in 2+1 dimensions. Adopting
otherwise a ladder approximation, we give evidence of the existence of a
critical coupling at which the anomalous dimension of the order parameter of
the transition diverges. This result is consistent with the observation that
chiral symmetry breaking may be driven by the long-range Coulomb interaction in
the Dirac field theory, despite the divergent scaling of the Fermi velocity in
the low-energy limit.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures, extended version with technical detail
Exploring Vortex Dynamics in the Presence of Dissipation: Analytical and Numerical Results
In this paper, we systematically examine the stability and dynamics of
vortices under the effect of a phenomenological dissipation used as a
simplified model for the inclusion of the effect of finite temperatures in
atomic Bose-Einstein condensates. An advantage of this simplified model is that
it enables an analytical prediction that can be compared directly (and
favorably) to numerical results. We then extend considerations to a case of
considerable recent experimental interest, namely that of a vortex dipole and
observe good agreement between theory and numerical computations in both the
stability properties (eigenvalues of the vortex dipole stationary states) and
the dynamical evolution of such configurations.Comment: 12 pages, 5 figures, accepted by PR
Electron-induced rippling in graphene
We show that the interaction between flexural phonons, when corrected by the
exchange of electron-hole excitations, may place the graphene sheet very close
to a quantum critical point characterized by the strong suppression of the
bending rigidity of the membrane. Ripples arise then due to spontaneous
symmetry breaking, following a mechanism similar to that responsible for the
condensation of the Higgs field in relativistic field theories. In the presence
of membrane tensions, ripple condensation may be reinforced or suppressed
depending on the sign of the tension, following a zero-temperature buckling
transition in which the order parameter is given essentially by the square of
the gradient of the flexural phonon field.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure
Beyond A/B Testing: Sequential Randomization for Developing Interventions in Scaled Digital Learning Environments
Randomized experiments ensure robust causal inference that are critical to
effective learning analytics research and practice. However, traditional
randomized experiments, like A/B tests, are limiting in large scale digital
learning environments. While traditional experiments can accurately compare two
treatment options, they are less able to inform how to adapt interventions to
continually meet learners' diverse needs. In this work, we introduce a trial
design for developing adaptive interventions in scaled digital learning
environments -- the sequential randomized trial (SRT). With the goal of
improving learner experience and developing interventions that benefit all
learners at all times, SRTs inform how to sequence, time, and personalize
interventions. In this paper, we provide an overview of SRTs, and we illustrate
the advantages they hold compared to traditional experiments. We describe a
novel SRT run in a large scale data science MOOC. The trial results
contextualize how learner engagement can be addressed through inclusive
culturally targeted reminder emails. We also provide practical advice for
researchers who aim to run their own SRTs to develop adaptive interventions in
scaled digital learning environments
On the regularity of the covariance matrix of a discretized scalar field on the sphere
We present a comprehensive study of the regularity of the covariance matrix
of a discretized field on the sphere. In a particular situation, the rank of
the matrix depends on the number of pixels, the number of spherical harmonics,
the symmetries of the pixelization scheme and the presence of a mask. Taking
into account the above mentioned components, we provide analytical expressions
that constrain the rank of the matrix. They are obtained by expanding the
determinant of the covariance matrix as a sum of determinants of matrices made
up of spherical harmonics. We investigate these constraints for five different
pixelizations that have been used in the context of Cosmic Microwave Background
(CMB) data analysis: Cube, Icosahedron, Igloo, GLESP and HEALPix, finding that,
at least in the considered cases, the HEALPix pixelization tends to provide a
covariance matrix with a rank closer to the maximum expected theoretical value
than the other pixelizations. The effect of the propagation of numerical errors
in the regularity of the covariance matrix is also studied for different
computational precisions, as well as the effect of adding a certain level of
noise in order to regularize the matrix. In addition, we investigate the
application of the previous results to a particular example that requires the
inversion of the covariance matrix: the estimation of the CMB temperature power
spectrum through the Quadratic Maximum Likelihood algorithm. Finally, some
general considerations in order to achieve a regular covariance matrix are also
presented.Comment: 36 pages, 12 figures; minor changes in the text, matches published
versio
Dynamics and Manipulation of Matter-Wave Solitons in Optical Superlattices
We analyze the existence and stability of bright, dark, and gap matter-wave
solitons in optical superlattices. Then, using these properties, we show that
(time-dependent) ``dynamical superlattices'' can be used to controllably place,
guide, and manipulate these solitons. In particular, we use numerical
experiments to displace solitons by turning on a secondary lattice structure,
transfer solitons from one location to another by shifting one superlattice
substructure relative to the other, and implement solitonic ``path-following'',
in which a matter wave follows the time-dependent lattice substructure into
oscillatory motion.Comment: 6 pages, revtex, 6 figures, to appear in Physics Letters A; minor
modifications from last versio
Confinement of electrons in layered metals
We analyze the out of plane hopping in models of layered systems where the
in--plane properties deviate from Landau's theory of a Fermi liquid. We show
that the hopping term acquires a non trivial energy dependence, due to the
coupling to in plane excitations, and can be either relevant or irrelevant at
low energies or temperatures. The latter is always the case if the Fermi level
lies close to a saddle point in the dispersion relation.Comment: 4 pages, 1 eps figur
Beating dark-dark solitons in Bose-Einstein condensates
Motivated by recent experimental results, we study beating dark-dark solitons
as a prototypical coherent structure that emerges in two-component
Bose-Einstein condensates. We showcase their connection to dark- bright
solitons via SO(2) rotation, and infer from it both their intrinsic beating
frequency and their frequency of oscillation inside a parabolic trap. We
identify them as exact periodic orbits in the Manakov limit of equal inter- and
intra-species nonlinearity strengths with and without the trap and showcase the
persistence of such states upon weak deviations from this limit. We also
consider large deviations from the Manakov limit illustrating that this
breathing state may be broken apart into dark-antidark soliton states. Finally,
we consider the dynamics and interactions of two beating dark-dark solitons in
the absence and in the presence of the trap, inferring their typically
repulsive interaction.Comment: 13 pages, 14 figure
Vortex Structures Formed by the Interference of Sliced Condensates
We study the formation of vortices, vortex necklaces and vortex ring
structures as a result of the interference of higher-dimensional Bose-Einstein
condensates (BECs). This study is motivated by earlier theoretical results
pertaining to the formation of dark solitons by interfering quasi
one-dimensional BECs, as well as recent experiments demonstrating the formation
of vortices by interfering higher-dimensional BECs. Here, we demonstrate the
genericity of the relevant scenario, but also highlight a number of additional
possibilities emerging in higher-dimensional settings. A relevant example is,
e.g., the formation of a "cage" of vortex rings surrounding the
three-dimensional bulk of the condensed atoms. The effects of the relative
phases of the different BEC fragments and the role of damping due to coupling
with the thermal cloud are also discussed. Our predictions should be
immediately tractable in currently existing experimental BEC setups.Comment: 8 pages, 6 figures (low res). To appear in Phys. Rev. A. Full
resolution preprint available at:
http://www-rohan.sdsu.edu/~rcarrete/publications
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