Ciencia abierta y gestión de datos de investigación (RDM)

When in 1997 it was said "The value of data lies in its use" (Bits of power) we could not imagine the influence that data would have on our lives. Bigdata and opendata are terms that have spread in our society. This work deals with a type of data that lies halfway between both phenomena: data derived from research. It shows how data can be reused when it is available in open source as part of the openscience. When they are deposited in an external resource, the possibility of contacting their original producer is lost, so that the documentation and metadata that accompany them become the protagonists. For data to be effectively found, accessible, interoperate with others and be reused and reproduced (FAIRr), it must be managed as part of the research life cycle. In this way, the benefits derived from the opening of the data are assured: its capacity to validate and produce new scientific knowledge. These pages combine the authors' research on this topic with guidelines to guide the way in data science. Agents, context, pathways or success stories are presented in detail as part of the ecosystem of the culture of openness

A neuroimaging study of pleasant and unpleasant olfactory perceptions of virgin olive oil

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has been used to collect information from neurons that receive direct input from olfactory bulbs when subjects smell virgin olive oil. The pleasant aroma of three extra virgin olive oils (var. Royal, Arbequina and Picual) and three virgin olive oils with sensory defects (rancid, fusty and winey/vinegary) were presented to 14 subjects while a fMRI scan acquired data from the brain activity. Data were subjected to a two-sample t test analysis, which allows a better interpretation of results particularly when data are studied across different subjects. Most of the activations, which were located in the frontal lobe, are related to the olfactory task regardless of the hedonic component of perception (e.g. Brodmann areas 10, 11). Comparing the samples with pleasant and unpleasant aromas, differences were found at the anterior cingu�late gyrus (Brodmann area 32), at the temporal lobe (Brodmann area 38), and inferior frontal gyrus (Brodmann area 47), while intense aromas activated Brodmann area 6. The actual perceptions described by the subjects and the concentration of the odorant compounds in the samples were considered in the interpretation of the results.Estudio mediante neuroimagen de percepciones olfativas agradables y desagradables de aceites de oliva virgen. La imagen por resonancia magnética funcional (fMRI) ha sido empleada para estudiar la información de la respuesta cerebral producida al estimular las neuronas que participan en el proceso olfatorio tras percibir el aroma del aceite de oliva virgen (AOV). Se utilizó fMRI para la adquisición de los datos de la actividad cerebral de 14 sujetos a los que se presentaron tres aceites de oliva vírgenes de aroma agradable (var. Royal, Arbequina and Picual) y tres aceites de oliva vírgenes con defectos sensoriales (rancio, atrojado, avinado/avinagrado). Los datos se sometieron a una prueba t para observar diferencias entre dos grupos, la cual permite una mejor interpretación de los resultados, particularmente cuando los datos se estudian a través de diferentes sujetos. La mayoría de las activaciones, que se localizaron en lóbulos frontales, se relacionaron con la tarea olfatoria independientemente de la componente hedónica de la percepción (por ejemplo, áreas Brodmann 10, 11). Al comparar las muestras con aromas agradables y desagradables, se encontraron diferencias significativas en el giro cingulado anterior (área Brodmann 32), el lóbulo temporal (área Brodmann 38) y el giro frontal inferior (área Brodmann 47), mientras que los aromas más intensos activaron el área Brodmann 6. En la interpretación de los resultados se tuvo en cuenta tanto la percepción descrita por los sujetos como las concentraciones de los compuestos volátiles en las muestras.Ramón y Cajal Program AGL2008-01411, AGL2011- 30371-C02-01/02

Basic data analysis and presentation tools on the Net

We offer some thoughts on the need for the field of open data to evolve from the production to exploitation stage. We detail the process of generating a simple display: knowledge of sources and data extraction, local analysis or in the cloud, and using the tools needed to present the data. Information is offered on free tools readily available on the Net that an information specialist should know. Finally, knowledge acquisition in the field of data is reinterpreted, and illustrated with an example, London: the information capital, that provides advanced visualizations based on open data

La educación a distancia como escenario de desarrollo académico e innovación en educación superior. Aproximación a un enfoque general de evaluación de la innovación

In the framework of regional declarations, agreements, and policies that promote innovation, the use of TIC and the development of distance learning in higher education, it is possible to think about two different modes of contemporary teaching approach: as a regular modality per se and as an academic development space and innovation. We emphasize this second approach as an institutional atmosphere constituted by ambiances associatedto development of the distance learning: how to teach and learn; the curriculum; institutional technological media; the systemic organization; the research; and the management system of information and knowledge.These ambiances are permeable to innovation, derived from its own enterprise as a consequence of it developments. It is very important to attend to the evaluation of these innovative impacts, and from there it can be reached a framework that helps to the systemic character of distance learning and to the dynamic conception and non linear behavior of the innovation. We alsoillustrate that by showing an integrated assessment approach that was applied in the SEDUCV, whose traits are presented in order to characterize our conceptual proposal in a practical way. The quasi-totality of these traits has an empirical referent for the development of this case.En el marco de declaraciones, acuerdos y políticas regionales que apuntan hacia el desarrollo de la educación superior referidos a innovación, incorporación de las TIC y desarrollo de la educación a distancia en las IES, se reflexiona sobre dos dimensiones de percepción de este modo de ejercicio de la docencia contemporánea: como modalidad propiamente dicha y comoespacio de desarrollo académico e innovación. Se enfatiza en esta segunda dimensión, definiéndola como una atmósfera institucional constituida por ámbitos asociados al desarrollo de la educación a distancia: la enseñanza y el aprendizaje; el currículo; los medios tecnológicos de la institución; lo organizacional; la investigación; y los sistemas de gestión de la información y del conocimiento. Estos ámbitos son permeables a la innovación, derivada de los emprendimientos a que obligan sus propios desarrollos.Interesa atender a la evaluación de los impactos innovadores, de ahí la aproximación a un enfoque que responde al carácter sistémico de la educación a distancia y a la concepción dinámica y no lineal de la innovación.Asimismo, ejemplificamos mostrando un enfoque integrado de evaluación que en forma práctica aplicamos en el SEDUCV, con los rasgos que referimos para caracterizar nuestra propuesta conceptual. La casi totalidad de estos rasgos tienen un referente empírico en el desarrollo de este caso

Large quantum nonlinear dynamic susceptibility of single-molecule magnets

The nonlinear dynamical response of Mn$_{12}$ single-molecule magnets is experimentally found to be very large, quite insensitive to the spin-lattice coupling constant, and displaying peaks reversed with respect to classical superparamagnets. It is shown that these features are caused by the strong field dependence of the relaxation rate due to the detuning of energy levels between which tunneling takes place. The nonlinear susceptibility technique, previously overlooked, is thus proposed as a privileged probe to ascertain the occurrence of quantum effects in mesoscopic magnetic systems.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure

La prevención de drogodependencias mediante actividades cooperativas de riesgo y aventura

Dada la gran presencia social que tienen las drogas en la actualidad, se hace necesaria una intervención hacia la prevención de drogodependencias, especialmente en el medio escolar. Esta intervención debe hacerse desde la base de que es necesario acostumbrar a los jóvenes a vivir entre las drogas y encontrar otros medios para obtener la satisfacción y las sensaciones que éstas parecen prometer (y con considerable éxito) a toda la sociedad, y especialmente a los jóvenes. En este artículo se analizan en primer lugar, los posibles perfiles de personalidad de las personas que practican actividades de riesgo, comparándolos con algunos rasgos de la personalidad de drogodependientes, encontrando que la búsqueda de sensaciones aparece como algo distintivo en ambos colectivos, por lo que se plantea la posibilidad de sustituir las drogas por otras emociones similares aportadas por las actividades de riesgo. Se estudian además los beneficios que se pueden obtener con las actividades físicas cooperativas, y se hace un análisis de la posible contribución de las actividades de riesgo cooperativas a la consecución de los objetivos que se plantea el PIPES (Plan Integral de Prevención Escolar). Por último, se propone un plan de intervención en la prevención basado en las cualidades formativas de las actividades de riesgo cooperativas

Nonlinear response of single-molecule nanomagnets: equilibrium and dynamical

We present an experimental study of the {\em nonlinear} susceptibility of Mn$_{12}$ single-molecule magnets. We investigate both their thermal-equilibrium and dynamical nonlinear responses. The equilibrium results show the sensitivity of the nonlinear susceptibility to the magnetic anisotropy, which is nearly absent in the linear response for axes distributed at random. The nonlinear dynamic response of Mn$_{12}$ was recently found to be very large and displaying peaks reversed with respect to classical superparamagnets [F. Luis {\em et al.}, Phys. Rev. Lett. {\bf 92}, 107201 (2004)]. Here we corroborate the proposed explanation -- strong field dependence of the relaxation rate due to the detuning of tunnel energy levels. This is done by studying the orientational dependence of the nonlinear susceptibility, which permits to isolate the quantum detuning contribution. Besides, from the analysis of the longitudinal and transverse contributions we estimate a bound for the decoherence time due to the coupling to the phonon bath.Comment: 13 pages, 8 figures, resubmitted to Phys. Rev. B with minor change

Novel application for exergy and thermoeconomic analysis of processes simulated with Aspen Plus

A visual basic application for Microsoft® Excel 2007 has been developed as a helpful tool to perform mass, energy, exergy and thermoeconomic (MHBT) calculations during the systematic analysis of energy processes simulated with Aspen Plus®. The application reads an Excel workbook containing three sheets with the matter, work and heat streams results of an Aspen Plus® simulation. The required information from the Aspen Plus® simulation and the algorithm/calculations of the application are described and applied to an Air Separation Unit (ASU). This application helps the designer when MHBT analyses are performed, as it increases the knowledge of the process simulated with Aspen Plus®. It’s a valuable tool not only because of the calculations performed, but also because it creates a new Excel workbook where the results and the formulae written on the cells are fully visible and editable. There is free access to the application and it has no protection allowing changes and improvements to be done

Spatial variability patterns of some Vertisol properties at a field scale using standardized data

Spatial variability of Vertisol properties is relevant for identifying those zones with physical degradation. In this sense, one has to face the problem of identifying the origin and distribution of spatial variability patterns. The objectives of the present work were (i) to quantify the spatial structure of different physical properties collected from a Vertisol, (ii) to search for potential correlations between different spatial patterns and (iii) to identify relevant components through multivariate spatial analysis. The study was conducted on a Vertisol (Typic Hapludert) dedicated to sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) production during the last sixty years. We used six soil properties collected from a squared grid (225 points) (penetrometer resistance (PR), total porosity, fragmentation dimension (Df), vertical electrical conductivity (ECv), horizontal electrical conductivity (ECh) and soil water content (WC)). All the original data sets were z-transformed before geostatistical analysis. Three different types of semivariogram models were necessary for fitting individual experimental semivariograms. This suggests the different natures of spatial variability patterns. Soil water content rendered the largest nugget effect (C0 = 0.933) while soil total porosity showed the largest range of spatial correlation (A = 43.92 m). The bivariate geostatistical analysis also rendered significant cross-semivariance between different paired soil properties. However, four different semivariogram models were required in that case. This indicates an underlying co-regionalization between different soil properties, which is of interest for delineating management zones within sugarcane fields. Cross-semivariograms showed larger correlation ranges than individual, univariate, semivariograms (A ≥ 29 m). All the findings were supported by multivariate spatial analysis, which showed the influence of soil tillage operations, harvesting machinery and irrigation water distribution on the status of the investigated area