The tomato phosphatidylinositol-phospholipase C2 (SlPLC2) is required for defense gene induction by the fungal elicitor xylanase

The tomato [Solanum lycopersicum (Sl)] phosphatidylinositol-phospholipase C (PI-PLC) gene family is composed of six members, named SlPLC1 to SlPLC6, differentially regulated upon pathogen attack. We have previously shown that the fungal elicitor xylanase rapidly induces nitric oxide (NO), which is required for PI-PLCs activity and downstream defense responses in tomato cell suspensions. Here, we show that all six SlPLC genes are expressed in tomato cell suspensions. Treatment of the cells with xylanase induces an early increase in SlPLC5 transcript levels, followed by a raise of the amount of SlPLC2 transcripts. The production of NO is required to augment SlPLC5 transcript levels in xylanase-treated tomato cells. Xylanase also induces SlPLC2 and SlPLC5 transcript levels in planta. We knocked-down the expression of SlPLC2 and SlPLC5 by virus-induced gene silencing. We found that SlPLC2 is required for xylanase-induced expression of the defense-related genes PR1 and HSR203J.Fil: Gonorazky, Ana Gabriela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas; ArgentinaFil: Ramírez, Leonor. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas; ArgentinaFil: Abd El Haliem, Ahmed. Wageningen University; Países BajosFil: Vossen, Jack H.. Wageningen University; Países BajosFil: Lamattina, Lorenzo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas; ArgentinaFil: Ten Have, Arjen. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas; ArgentinaFil: Joosten, Matthieu H. A. J.. Wageningen University; Países BajosFil: Laxalt, Ana Maria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas; Argentin

Stress induction and antimicrobial properties of a lipid transfer protein in germinating sunflower seeds

Nonspecific lipid transfer proteins (nsLTPs) belong to a large family of plant proteins whose function in vivo remains unknown. In this research, we studied a LTP previously isolated from sunflower seeds (Ha-AP10), which displays strong antimicrobial activity against a model fungus. The protein is present during at least the first 5 days of germination, and tissue printing experiments revealed the homogeneous distribution of the protein in the cotyledons. Here we report that Ha-AP10 exerts a weak inhibitory effect on the growth of Alternaria alternata, a fungus that naturally attacks sunflower seeds. These data put into question the contribution of Ha-AP10 as an antimicrobial protein of direct effect on pathogenic fungus, and rather suggest a function related to the mobilization of lipid reserves. We also show that the levels of Ha-AP10 in germinating seeds increase upon salt stress, fungal infection and ABA treatment, indicating that it somehow participates in the adaptative responses of germinating sunflower seeds.Fil: Gonorazky, Ana Gabriela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas; ArgentinaFil: Regente, Mariana Clelia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas; ArgentinaFil: de la Canal, Laura. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas; Argentin

Phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate accumulates extracellularly upon xylanase treatment in tomato cell suspensions

Various phosphoinositides have been implicated in plant defence signalling. Until now, such molecules have been exclusively related to intracellular signalling. Here, evidence is provided for the detection of extracellular phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PI4P) in tomato cell suspensions. We have analysed and compared the intracellular and extracellular phospholipid profiles of [(32)P(i)]-prelabelled tomato cells, challenged with the fungal elicitor xylanase. These phospholipid patterns were found to be different, being phosphatidylinositol phosphate (PIP) the most abundant phospholipid in the extracellular medium. Moreover, while cells responded with a typical increase in phosphatidic acid and a decrease in intracellular PIP upon xylanase treatment, extracellular PIP level increased in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Using two experimental approaches, the extracellular PIP isoform was identified as PI4P. Addition of PI4P to tomato cell suspensions triggered the same defence responses as those induced by xylanase treatment. These include production of reactive oxygen species, accumulation of defence-related gene transcripts and induction of cell death. We demonstrate that extracellular PI4P is accumulated in xylanase-elicited cells and that exogenous application of PI4P mimics xylanase effects, suggesting its putative role as an intercellular signalling molecule.Fil: Gonorazky, Ana Gabriela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas; ArgentinaFil: Laxalt, Ana Maria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas; ArgentinaFil: Testerink, Christa. University of Amsterdam; Países BajosFil: Munnik, Teun. University of Amsterdam; Países BajosFil: de la Canal, Laura. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas; Argentin

Phospholipases in Nitric Oxide-Mediated Plant Signalling

Nitric Oxide (NO) is an important redox-based regulator of cell physiology involved in many signaling processes in plants. The precise molecular mechanism of how NO interacts with or activates different targets is still poorly understood. The polar lipid phosphatidic acid (PA) is another molecule involved in plant signaling. NO and PA have been independently regarded as general, multifunctional stress-signaling molecules in plants. Results obtained in our laboratory revealed that NO induces PA formation during plant-defense responses, stomatal closure, and adventitious root formation. Conversely, during extracellular ATP perception, PA modulates NO production. PA is generated via phospholipase D and phospholipase C in concerted action with diacylglycerol kinase. In this chapter, we discuss how NO might act on PA-generating enzymes as well as their common downstream effectors like Ca2+, reactive oxygen species, kinases, and phosphatases.Fil: Gonorazky, Ana Gabriela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas; ArgentinaFil: Distefano, Ayelen Mariana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas; ArgentinaFil: Garcia-Mata, Carlos. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas; ArgentinaFil: Lamattina, Lorenzo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas; ArgentinaFil: Laxalt, Ana Maria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas; Argentin

Extracellular ATP and nitric oxide impact on cell viability in tomato suspension cells

Adenosine triphosphate has been largely studied as an energetic intracellular molecule in plants. However there is growing evidences that extracellular metabolism of ATP has a great impact on plant cell physiology. In this work, we demonstrate that tomato cell suspensions (Solanum lycopersicum 'Money Maker'; line Msk8) release ATP into the medium. We have analyzed the extracellular ATP levels in labeled tomato cells. We detected eATP and determined that the half-life of eATP is approximately 30 min. Different concentrations of eATP metabolizying enzyme, apyrase was added to tomato cell cutures an NO production was measured. Apyrase treatments trigger NO production in a dose-dependent manner. Depletion of eATP by apyrase resulted in a reduced tomato cell viability.Fil: Foresi, Noelia Pamela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas; ArgentinaFil: Tonón, Claudia Virginia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas; ArgentinaFil: Gonorazky, Ana Gabriela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas; ArgentinaFil: Lamattina, Lorenzo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas; ArgentinaFil: Laxalt, Ana Maria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas; ArgentinaFil: Casalongue, Claudia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas; Argentin

La reflexión ético-científica en el ámbito de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales: Una realidad posible

En febrero de 2011 se creó en la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales,  la Comisión para el Desarrollo de un Espacio de Reflexión Ético-Científica, orientada a generar debate, reflexión y toma deposición ante temáticas de alcance científico que tengan impacto ambiental, económico, social y/o cultural. Desde entonces se desarrollan acciones concretas de difusión y generando espacios de reflexión, vehiculización de reclamos y /o solicitudes y declaraciones de la Facultad ante diferentes problemáticas. Los resultados y alcances de estas actividades  demostraron que este espacio es una realidad posible y sostenible en el tiempo.Fil: Gonorazky, Ana Gabriela. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; ArgentinaFil: Dopchiz, Marcela Cecilia. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; ArgentinaFil: Tonello, Marcela Sandra. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata; ArgentinaFil: Costamagna, Natural. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; ArgentinaFil: Bernava Laborde, Veronica. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Argentin

Phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate is associated to extracellular lipoproteic fractions and is detected in tomato apoplastic fluids

We have recently detected phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate (PI4P) in the extracellular medium of tomato cell suspensions. Extracellular PI4P was shown to trigger the activation of defence responses induced by the fungal elicitor xylanase. In this study, by applying a differential centrifugation technique, we found that extracellular PI4P is associated with fractions composed of diverse phospholipids and proteins, which were pelleted from the extracellular medium of tomato cell suspensions grown under basal conditions. Using mass spectrometry, we identified the proteins present in these pelleted fractions. Most of these proteins have previously been characterised as having a role in defence responses. Next, we evaluated whether PI4P could also be detected in an entire plant system. For this, apoplastic fluids of tomato plants grown under basal conditions were analysed using a lipid overlay assay. Interestingly, PI4P could be detected in intercellular fluids obtained from tomato leaflets and xylem sap of tomato plants. By employing electrospray ionisation tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS), other phospholipids were also found in intercellular fluids of tomato plants. These had a markedly different profile from the phospholipid pattern identified in entire leaflets. Based on these results, the potential role of extracellular phospholipids in plant intercellular communication is discussed.Fil: Gonorazky, Ana Gabriela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata; ArgentinaFil: Laxalt, Ana Maria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata; ArgentinaFil: Dekker, H. L.. University Of Amsterdam; Países BajosFil: Rep, M.. University Of Amsterdam; Países BajosFil: Munnik, T.. University Of Amsterdam; Países BajosFil: Testerink, C.. University Of Amsterdam; Países BajosFil: de la Canal, L. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata; Argentin

Silencing of the tomato phosphatidylinositol‐phospholipase C2 (SlPLC2) reduces plant susceptibility to Botrytis cinerea

The tomato [Solanum lycopersicum (Sl)] phosphatidylinositol‐phospholipase C (PI‐PLC) gene family is composed of six members, named SlPLC1 to SlPLC6, differentially regulated on pathogen attack. We have previously shown that the fungal elicitor xylanase induces a raise of SlPLC2 and SlPLC5 transcripts and that SlPLC2, but not SlPLC5, is required for xylanase‐induced expression of defense‐related genes. In this work we studied the role of SlPLC2 in the interaction between tomato and the necrotrophic fungus Botrytis cinerea. Inoculation of tomato leaves with B. cinerea increases SlPLC2 transcript levels. We knocked‐down the expression of SlPLC2 by virus‐induced gene silencing and plant defense responses were analyzed upon B. cinerea inoculation. SlPLC2 silenced plants developed smaller necrotic lesions concomitantly with less proliferation of the fungus. Silencing of SlPLC2 resulted as well in a reduced production of reactive oxygen species. Upon B. cinerea inoculation, transcript levels of the salicylic acid (SA)‐defense pathway marker gene SlPR1a were diminished in SlPLC2 silenced plants compared to non‐silenced infected plants, while transcripts of the jasmonic acid (JA)‐defense gene markers Proteinase Inhibitor I and II (SlPI‐I and SlPI‐II) were increased. This implies that SlPLC2 participates in plant susceptibility to B. cinerea.Instituto de Fisiología y Recursos Genéticos VegetalesFil: Gonorazky, Ana Gabriela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas; ArgentinaFil: Guzzo, Maria Carla. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Fisiología y Recursos Genéticos Vegetales; ArgentinaFil: Abd El Haliem, Ahmed M. Wageningen University. Laboratory of Phytopathology; HolandaFil: Joosten, Matthieu H. A. J. Wageningen University. Laboratory of Phytopathology; HolandaFil: Laxalt, Ana Maria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas; Argentin

The sesquiterpene botrydial from Botrytis cinerea induces phosphatidic acid production in tomato cell suspensions

Main conclusion: The phytotoxin botrydial triggers PA production in tomato cell suspensions via PLD and PLC/DGK activation. PLC/DGK-derived PA is partially required for botrydial-induced ROS generation. Phosphatidic acid (PA) is a phospholipid second messenger involved in the induction of plant defense responses. It is generated via two distinct enzymatic pathways, either via phospholipase D (PLD) or by the sequential action of phospholipase C and diacylglycerol kinase (PLC/DGK). Botrydial is a phytotoxic sesquiterpene generated by the necrotrophic fungus Botrytis cinerea that induces diverse plant defense responses, such as the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Here, we analyzed PA and ROS production and their interplay upon botrydial treatments, employing tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) cell suspensions as a model system. Botrydial induces PA production within minutes via PLD and PLC/DGK. Either inhibition of PLC or DGK diminishes ROS generation triggered by botrydial. This indicates that PLC/DGK is upstream of ROS production. In tomato, PLC is encoded by a multigene family constituted by SlPLC1–SlPLC6 and the pseudogene SlPLC7. We have shown that SlPLC2-silenced plants have reduced susceptibility to B. cinerea. In this work, we studied the role of SlPLC2 on botrydial-induced PA production by silencing the expression of SlPLC2 via a specific artificial microRNA. Upon botrydial treatments, SlPLC2-silenced-cell suspensions produce PA levels similar to wild-type cells. It can be concluded that PA is a novel component of the plant responses triggered by botrydial.Fil: D'ambrosio, Juan Martín. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata; ArgentinaFil: Gonorazky, Ana Gabriela. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata; ArgentinaFil: Sueldo, Daniela Jorgelina. University of Oxford; Reino UnidoFil: Moraga, Javier. Universidad de Cádiz; EspañaFil: Arruebarrena Di Palma, Andrés. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas; ArgentinaFil: Lamattina, Lorenzo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata; ArgentinaFil: Collado, Isidro González. Universidad de Cádiz; EspañaFil: Laxalt, Ana Maria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas; Argentin

Azospirillum baldaniorum improves acclimation, lipid productivity and oxidative response of a microalga under salt stress

There is a growing interest in using microalgae for a variety of purposes, including production of pharmaceuticals, wastewater treatment, CO2 capture from flue gases, and biomass as a feedstock for biofuels and feed/food supplements. In addition to environmental conditions, the local availability of suitable water for massive production microalgal biomass often compromises biomass productivity, and thus, techno-economic feasibility towards implementation. Although salinity tends to promote accumulation of carbon reserves in some freshwater microalgae, which could be advantageous for producing feedstocks for biofuels, the negative effect on growth usually off-sets this benefit, and results in a lower productivity of the target. The aim of this study was to analyse whether inoculation with a plant growth-promoting bacterium could ameliorate the detrimental effect of NaCl on growth of a microalga. We showed that inoculation with Azospirillum baldaniorum Sp245 improved the early response of Scenedesmus obliquus CS1 to NaCl addition, and its overall growth performance. As a result, co-cultures attained higher biomass and lipids productivities than microalgal axenic cultures. Lipid productivity raised up due to both: an increased biomass production and a higher lipids enrichment in the biomass. Similar results were obtained under constant light and temperature or under climate-simulated conditions in environmental photobioreactors (Phenometrics™). Inoculation with the bacterium lowered the levels of reactive oxygen species, SH groups, chlorophyll and carotenoids in the algal cells, as well as cell damage, induced by salt stress. Inoculation with Azospirillum strains genetically modified to produce contrasting levels of IAA, suggested that although under non-stress conditions most of the algal growth promotion is IAA-dependent, under salt stress other still-unidentified factor(s) might play a more prominent role in algal stimulation. This study increased the current understanding of the mechanisms underpinning bacterial-microalgal associations, and helps to design alternative strategies to increase algal productivity under suboptimal growth conditions, as most applications demand.Fil: Pagnussat, Luciana Anabella. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; ArgentinaFil: Do Nascimento, Mauro. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Biotecnología; ArgentinaFil: Maroniche, Guillermo Andrés. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; ArgentinaFil: Gonorazky, Ana Gabriela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas; ArgentinaFil: Sánchez Rizza, Lara. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; ArgentinaFil: Creus, Cecilia Mónica. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; ArgentinaFil: Curatti, Leonardo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Biotecnología; Argentin