Convergent Analysis of Energy Conservative Algorithm for the Nonlinear Schrödinger Equation

Using average vector field method in time and Fourier pseudospectral method in space, we obtain an energy-preserving scheme for the nonlinear Schrödinger equation. We prove that the proposed method conserves the discrete global energy exactly. A deduction argument is used to prove that the numerical solution is convergent to the exact solution in discrete L2 norm. Some numerical results are reported to illustrate the efficiency of the numerical scheme in preserving the energy conservation law

A Novel Non-Volatile Inverter-based CiM: Continuous Sign Weight Transition and Low Power on-Chip Training

In this work, we report a novel design, one-transistor-one-inverter (1T1I), to satisfy high speed and low power on-chip training requirements. By leveraging doped HfO2 with ferroelectricity, a non-volatile inverter is successfully demonstrated, enabling desired continuous weight transition between negative and positive via the programmable threshold voltage (VTH) of ferroelectric field-effect transistors (FeFETs). Compared with commonly used designs with the similar function, 1T1I uniquely achieves pure on-chip-based weight transition at an optimized working current without relying on assistance from off-chip calculation units for signed-weight comparison, facilitating high-speed training at low power consumption. Further improvements in linearity and training speed can be obtained via a two-transistor-one-inverter (2T1I) design. Overall, focusing on energy and time efficiencies, this work provides a valuable design strategy for future FeFET-based computing-in-memory (CiM)

Variation of Natural Streamflow since 1470 in the Middle Yellow River, China

Nowadays, as the available water resources throughout the World are becoming depleted, in order to manage and plan water resource better, more and more attention is being paid into the fluctuating characteristics of water discharges. However, the preexisting research was mainly focused on the last half century. In this paper, the natural streamflow observed since 1470 at the Sanmenxia station in the middle Yellow River basin was collected, and the methods of variation coefficient, moving average, Mann-Kendall test and wavelet transform were applied to analyze the dynamic characteristics of the streamflow. The results showed that, (1) between 1470 and 2007, the natural streamflow changed 200–919 × 108 m3, and water discharge varied moderately; (2) in the middle Yellow River basin, it appears that the most severe and most persistent droughts during circa 1868–1990, the periods of 1470s–1490s, 1920s–1930s and 1990s–2000s also presented the condition of sustained low flows; (3) the natural streamflow series shows increasing and decreasing trends during the periods of 1470–1880 and 1881–2007, respectively, but both trends are not significant at >95% confidence; in addition, it is still found the streamflow series shows abrupt changes circa 1845, 1935 and 1960, respectively; (4) within a 250-year scale, there are circa 11, 26, 67 and 120-year periods for natural streamflow at the Sanmenxia station, and the periodicity of the 120-year one is the strongest. The dynamic characteristics of natural streamflow is the comprehensive result by many influencing factors, such as precipitation, temperature, El Niño-Southern Oscillation, sunspots, human activity, etc

Letter of Intent: Jinping Neutrino Experiment

Jinping Neutrino Experiment (Jinping) is proposed to significantly improve measurements on solar neutrinos and geoneutrinos in China Jinping Laboratory - a lab with a number of unparalleled features, thickest overburden, lowest reactor neutrino background, etc., which identify it as the world-best low-energy neutrino laboratory. The proposed experiment will have target mass of 4 kilotons of liquid scintillator or water-based liquid scintillator, with a fiducial mass of 2 kilotons for neutrino-electron scattering events and 3 kilotons for inverse-beta interaction events. A number of initial sensitivities studies have been carried out, including on the transition phase for the solar neutrinos oscillation from the vacuum to the matter effect, the discovery of solar neutrinos from the carbon-nitrogen-oxygen (CNO) cycle, the resolution of the high and low metallicity hypotheses, and the unambiguous separation on U and Th cascade decays from the dominant crustal anti-electron neutrinos in China.Comment: Proposal for the Jinping Neutrino Experimen