274 research outputs found
What Are the Challenges Involved in the Prevention of Depression in Schools?
Depression is linked with serious social and educational impairments and elevated rates of smoking, substance misuse and obesity among children and adolescents. Due to already existing structures within schools and their important role within the community, they appear to provide an ideal environment to implement preventative strategies against depression. Even though there is a growing evidence base for school-based interventions, it is rarely supportive for their effectiveness. In the current piece, we are exploring potential reasons for a limited success of school-based prevention against depression. We mainly focus on parental mental health as one of the potential moderators of the effectiveness of school-based approaches. We argue that family-oriented approach to mental health provision at schools needs to be taken. We also explore barriers to parental involvement experienced by schools and make recommendations of how these can be mitigated. Finally, the article outlines existing school-based interventions targeting mental health of both pupils and parents
Jacobi-like bar mode instability of relativistic rotating bodies
We perform some numerical study of the secular triaxial instability of
rigidly rotating homogeneous fluid bodies in general relativity. In the
Newtonian limit, this instability arises at the bifurcation point between the
Maclaurin and Jacobi sequences. It can be driven in astrophysical systems by
viscous dissipation. We locate the onset of instability along several constant
baryon mass sequences of uniformly rotating axisymmetric bodies for compaction
parameter . We find that general relativity weakens the Jacobi
like bar mode instability, but the stabilizing effect is not very strong.
According to our analysis the critical value of the ratio of the kinetic energy
to the absolute value of the gravitational potential energy for compaction parameter as high as 0.275 is only 30% higher than the
Newtonian value. The critical value of the eccentricity depends very weakly on
the degree of relativity and for is only 2% larger than the
Newtonian value at the onset for the secular bar mode instability. We compare
our numerical results with recent analytical investigations based on the
post-Newtonian expansion.Comment: 15 pages, 8 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev.
Recommended from our members
Ancient DNA reveals the chronology of walrus ivory trade from Norse Greenland.
The importance of the Atlantic walrus ivory trade for the colonization, peak, and collapse of the medieval Norse colonies on Greenland has been extensively debated. Nevertheless, no studies have directly traced medieval European ivory back to distinct Arctic populations of walrus. Analysing the entire mitogenomes of 37 archaeological specimens from Europe, Svalbard, and Greenland, we here discover that Atlantic walrus comprises two monophyletic mitochondrial (MT) clades, which diverged between 23 400 and 251 120 years ago. Our improved genomic resolution allows us to reinterpret the geographical distribution of partial MT data from 306 modern and nineteenth-century specimens, finding that one of these clades was exclusively accessible to Greenlanders. With this discovery, we ascertain the biological origin of 23 archaeological specimens from Europe (most dated between 900 and 1400 CE). These results reveal a significant shift in trade from an early, predominantly eastern source towards a near exclusive representation of Greenland ivory. Our study provides empirical evidence for how this remote Arctic resource was progressively integrated into a medieval pan-European trade network, contributing to both the resilience and vulnerability of Norse Greenland society.This work was supported by the Nansenfondet, the Research Council of Norway projects 262777 and 230821, and the Leverhulme Trust project ‘Northern Journeys’ MRF-2013-065
The eccentricity distribution of compact binaries
The current gravitational wave detectors have reached their operational
sensitivity and are nearing detection of compact object binaries. In the coming
years, we expect that the Advanced LIGO/VIRGO will start taking data. At the
same time, there are plans for third generation ground-based detectors such as
the Einstein Telescope, and space detectors such as DECIGO. We discuss the
eccentricity distribution of inspiral compact object binaries during they
inspiral phase. We analyze the expected distributions of eccentricities at
three frequencies that are characteristic of three future detectors: Advanced
LIGO/VIRGO (30 Hz), Einstein Telescope (3 Hz), and DECIGO (0.3 Hz). We use the
StarTrack binary population code to investigate the properties of the
population of compact binaries in formation. We evolve their orbits until the
point that they enter a given detector sensitivity window and analyze the
eccentricity distribution at that time. We find that the eccentricities of
BH-BH and BH-NS binaries are quite small when entering the Advanced LIGO/VIRGO
detector window for all considered models of binary evolution. Even in the case
of the DECIGO detector, the typical eccentricities of BH-BH binaries are below
10^{-4}, and the BH-NS eccentricities are smaller than 10^{-3}. Some fraction
of NS-NS binaries may have significant eccentricities. Within the range of
considered models, we found that a fraction of between 0.2% and 2% NS-NS
binaries will have an eccentricity above 0.01 for the Advanced LIGO/VIRGO
detectors. For the ET detector, this fraction is between 0.4% and 4%, and for
the DECIGO detector it lies between 2% and 27%.Comment: 8 pages, 5 figures, accepted by A&
Facilitators and Barriers to Person-centred Care in Child and Young People Mental Health Services: A Systematic Review
Implementation of person-centred care has been widely advocated across various health settings and patient populations, including recent policy for child and family services. Nonetheless, evidence suggests that service users are rarely involved in decision-making, whilst their preferences and goals may be often unheard. The aim of the present research was to systematically review factors influencing person-centred care in mental health services for children, young people and families examining perspectives from professionals, service users and carers. This was conducted according to best practice guidelines, and seven academic databases were searched. Overall, 23 qualitative studies were included. Findings from the narrative synthesis of the facilitators and barriers are discussed in light of a recently published systematic review examining person-centred care in mental health services for adults. Facilitators and barriers were broadly similar across both settings. Training professionals in person-centred care, supporting them to use it flexibly to meet the unique needs of service users whilst also being responsive to times when it may be less appropriate and improving both the quantity and quality of information for service users and carers are key recommendations to facilitate person-centred care in mental health services with children, young people and families
- …