Preço de reserva e "caronas" para o bem público: área de proteção ambiental (APA) São José - MG

Despite the importance of its ecosystem and being an environmental preservation area, the São José Environmental Protection Area (EPA) in the State of Minas Gerais has shown deterioration in recent years. Because of this, public policy becomes relevant to São José EPA´s conservation. Given to the difficulty of obtaining the true current benefits of those policies, the present article aimed at: a) to estimating benefit´s public policy obtaining of medium reservation's price, starting from the contingent valuation; e b) to analyzing the "free riders" in the demand for the improvement and preservation of EPA. It was possible to notice the "free riders's" existence, because people that enjoy the benefits of EPA are not willing to contribute for its preservation. As for reservation's price, it was obtained a monthly medium value quite significant of R$22,88, indicating that the population recognizes São José EPA as an important patrimony able to supply valuable environmental services.Public goods, São José EPA, “Free Rider" problem, Reservation price, Environmental Economics and Policy,

Skin color and severe maternal outcomes: evidence from the brazilian network for surveillance of severe maternal morbidity

Taking into account the probable role that race/skin color may have for determining outcomes in maternal health, the objective of this study was to assess whether maternal race/skin color is a predictor of severe maternal morbidity. This is a secondary analysis of the Brazilian Network for Surveillance of Severe Maternal Morbidity, a national multicenter cross-sectional study of 27 Brazilian referral maternity hospitals. A prospective surveillance was performed to identify cases of maternal death (MD), maternal near miss (MNM) events, and potentially life-threatening conditions (PLTC), according to standard WHO definition and criteria. Among 9,555 women with severe maternal morbidity, data on race/skin color was available for 7,139 women, who were further divided into two groups: 4,108 nonwhite women (2,253 black and 1,855 from other races/skin color) and 3,031 white women. Indicators of severe maternal morbidity according to WHO definition are shown by skin color group. Adjusted Prevalence Ratios (PRadj - 95%CI) for Severe Maternal Outcome (SMO=MNM+MD) were estimated according to sociodemographic/obstetric characteristics, pregnancy outcomes, and perinatal results considering race. Results. Among 7,139 women with severe maternal morbidity evaluated, 90.5% were classified as PLTC, 8.5% as MNM, and 1.6% as MD. There was a significantly higher prevalence of MNM and MD among white women. MNMR (maternal near miss ratio) was 9.37 per thousand live births (LB). SMOR (severe maternal outcome ratio) was 11.08 per 1000 LB, and MMR (maternal mortality ratio) was 170.4 per 100,000 LB. Maternal mortality to maternal near miss ratio was 1 to 5.2, irrespective of maternal skin color. Hypertension, the main cause of maternal complications, affected mostly nonwhite women. Hemorrhage, the second more common cause of maternal complication, predominated among white women. Nonwhite skin color was associated with a reduced risk of SMO in multivariate analysis. Nonwhite skin color was associated with a lower risk for severe maternal outcomes. This result could be due to confounding factors linked to a high rate of Brazilian miscegenation.2019CNPQ - Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico402702/2008-

Risco de Liquidez em Cooperativas de Credito: Uma Abordagem a partir do Modelo Logit Multinomial

O risco de liquidez nas instituições financeiras está associado ao desequilíbrio entre os ativos negociáveis e passivos exigíveis. Outros fatores também afetam a liquidez das cooperativas de crédito, como a maior utilização da cooperativa para empréstimos do que para depósitos e a incapacidade em promover a diversificação geográfica e de produtos. Nesse sentido, esse estudo objetivou verificar, a partir de indicadores financeiros, se as cooperativas de economia e crédito mútuo de Minas Gerais estão em risco de liquidez e quais os determinantes desse risco. Foi utilizado o modelo de regressão logit multinomial, sendo as cooperativas classificadas em muito baixo, baixo, médio, alto e muito alto risco de liquidez. Os resultados analisados indicaram que valores menores dos indicadores utilização de capital de terceiros e provisionamento e valores maiores dos indicadores depósito total/operações de crédito e logaritmo do total de ativos tornam essas instituições mais líquidas. ----------------------------------------------------- The liquidity risk in financial institutions is associated with an imbalance between the trading assets and liabilities. Other factors also affect the liquidity of credit unions, such as greater use of the cooperative for loans than for deposits and failure to promote the product and geographic diversification. in that sense, this study aimed to verify, from financial indicators, if the cooperatives savings and credit mutual Minas Gerais are liquidity risk and what determinants of risk. We used multinomial logit regression model, and the cooperatives classified as very low, low, medium, high and very high liquidity risk. These results indicate that lower values ​​of the indicators use of capital and third-party provisioning and higher values ​​of the indicators total deposit / operations credit and logarithm of total assets these institutions become more liquid

Preço de reserva e "caronas" para o bem público: área de proteção ambiental (APA) São José - MG

Despite the importance of its ecosystem and being an environmental preservation area, the São José Environmental Protection Area (EPA) in the State of Minas Gerais has shown deterioration in recent years. Because of this, public policy becomes relevant to São José EPA´s conservation. Given to the difficulty of obtaining the true current benefits of those policies, the present article aimed at: a) to estimating benefit´s public policy obtaining of medium reservation's price, starting from the contingent valuation; e b) to analyzing the "free riders" in the demand for the improvement and preservation of EPA. It was possible to notice the "free riders's" existence, because people that enjoy the benefits of EPA are not willing to contribute for its preservation. As for reservation's price, it was obtained a monthly medium value quite significant of R$22,88, indicating that the population recognizes São José EPA as an important patrimony able to supply valuable environmental services

Neotropical freshwater fisheries : A dataset of occurrence and abundance of freshwater fishes in the Neotropics

The Neotropical region hosts 4225 freshwater fish species, ranking first among the world's most diverse regions for freshwater fishes. Our NEOTROPICAL FRESHWATER FISHES data set is the first to produce a large-scale Neotropical freshwater fish inventory, covering the entire Neotropical region from Mexico and the Caribbean in the north to the southern limits in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay. We compiled 185,787 distribution records, with unique georeferenced coordinates, for the 4225 species, represented by occurrence and abundance data. The number of species for the most numerous orders are as follows: Characiformes (1289), Siluriformes (1384), Cichliformes (354), Cyprinodontiformes (245), and Gymnotiformes (135). The most recorded species was the characid Astyanax fasciatus (4696 records). We registered 116,802 distribution records for native species, compared to 1802 distribution records for nonnative species. The main aim of the NEOTROPICAL FRESHWATER FISHES data set was to make these occurrence and abundance data accessible for international researchers to develop ecological and macroecological studies, from local to regional scales, with focal fish species, families, or orders. We anticipate that the NEOTROPICAL FRESHWATER FISHES data set will be valuable for studies on a wide range of ecological processes, such as trophic cascades, fishery pressure, the effects of habitat loss and fragmentation, and the impacts of species invasion and climate change. There are no copyright restrictions on the data, and please cite this data paper when using the data in publications