Pastagens naturais pesquisas realizadas na região da fronteira Sudoeste do RS. (Fazenda experimental "Cinco Cruzes"/DNPEA - Embrapa Pecuária Sul 1954-1997).

As pesquisas na área de pastagens naturais, são de grande importância na região Sudoeste do Rio Grande do Sul, tendo em vista o predomínio do sistema extensivo de criação. As pastagens naturais são neste sistema a principal fonte de alimento dos rebanhos.bitstream/item/110369/1/PASTAGENS-NATURAIS-PESQUISAS.pd

Numerical modelling code based on the finite volume method in unstructured grids

In this work, the implementation employed in the new modeling code is described. It is based on the FVM with on a SIMPLE type scheme suitable for unstructured meshes.Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT

Development of numerical tools to aid the design of complex geometry profile extrusion dies

The research team of this work is involved since the mid-nineties on the development of computational tools to aid the design of profile extrusion dies. Initially, the numerical code employed was based on structured meshes that limited its application to simple geometries. The work planned in this PhD programme comprises the development of a numerical modelling code able to deal with unstructured meshes and its application on the design of profile extrusion dies comprising complex cross sections. In its current state the numerical code under development is able to model de flow of generalized Newtonian fluids inside flow channels using unstructured meshes. This paper describes briefly the current state of the developed code and illustrates its application in a case study involving the design of a profile extrusion die comprising a complex cross section

Design of complex profile extrusion dies through numerical modeling

The achievement of a balanced flow is one of the major tasks encompassed in the design of profile extrusion dies [1]. For this purpose numerical modeling codes may be a very useful aid. The research team involved in this work has been working during the last decade on the development of numerical tools to aid the conception of extrusion dies [1,2]. The design code developed so far carries out the automatic search of a final geometry via an optimization routine coupled with geometry and mesh generators and a 3D computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code based on the finite volume method (FVM). This CFD code is able to model the flow of polymer melts in confined channels, but is inadequate to deal with complex geometries, since it is limited to structured meshes. This work describes the recent efforts made to enlarge the scope of the design procedures, that are currently focused on the development of a modeling code able to deal with unstructured meshes. This code solves the continuity and linear momentum conservation equations, with generalized Newtonian fluids, using a SIMPLE based approach. This paper describes the developed numerical modelling code and its employment in a case study that involves the design of a medical catheter extrusion die, focused on the search of a balanced flow distribution. The results obtained show that the developed numerical code is able to deal with complex geometrical problems, being thus a valuable tool to aid the design of extrusion dies to produce complex profiles.The authors gratefully acknowledge funding from Fundacao para a Ciencia e Tecnologia through the PhD Grant SFRH/BD43632/2008 and FCT (COMPETE Program) under the Projects FCOMP-01-0124 - FEDER-010190 (Ref. PTDC/EME - MFE/102729/2008) and FCOMP-01-0124-FEDER-015126 (Refa. FCT PTDC/EME-MFE/113988/2009), and FEDER, via FCT, under the PEst-C/CTM/LA0025/2011 (Strategic Project - LA 25 - 2011-2012)

Improving cost-efficiency for MPs density separation by zinc chloride reuse

The methodology used to extract and quantify microplastics (MPs) in aquatic systems are still not standardized. Salt saturated solutions, such as sodium chloride (NaCl), zinc chloride (ZnCl2) and/or sodium iodide (NaI), are normally added to separate dense plastics from aquatic samples. However, the most effective reagents are also the most expensive (e.g. ZnCl2 and NaI). To decrease this cost, a reuse process of the salt solutions should be applied. The reuse process has been widely investigated for the NaI solution neglecting the ZnCl2. Hence, the aim of this study was to present a simple methodology to reuse the ZnCl2 solution ensuring the efficiency of the product. Results of the present study showed that ZnCl2 solution could be reused at least five times maintaining an efficiency above 95 %. •The ZnCl2 reuse decreases the cost of the methodology.•The efficiency of ZnCl2 solution after five filtrations remains above 95 % (all polymers are detected and recovered).•The use of this salt solution is the most cost-effective methodology to isolate MPs from aquatic samples.publishe

Os recursos naturais no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul: passado, presente e futuro.

Os recursos naturais na metade Norte do Estado; Os recursos naturais na metade Sul do Estado.bitstream/item/110370/1/OS-RECURSOS-NATURAIS-NO-ESTADO.pd

Campos naturais da região da Campanha do Rio Grande do Sul: características, potencial de produção, capacidade de suporte e sustentabilidade.

O Ecossistema Campos Sulbrasileiros ou Ecossistema Pampa; A diversidade ambiental na Região dos Campos Sulbrasileiros; Conceitos de lotação, capacidade suporte e sustentabilidade; Determinação da capacidade de suporte de um campo; Lotações pecuárias usadas em pastagens naturais nos países do Cone-Sul limitrofes com o Rio Grande do Sul; Capacidade de suporte em tipos de campo na Região da Campanha do RSbitstream/item/110597/1/CAMPOS-NATURAIS.pd

Evolução da vegetação de um campo natural (excluído e pastejado) e auto-ecologia de plantas indesejáveis.

A dinâmica da vegaetação campestre, assim como a auto-ecologia de cinco espécies indesejáveis (Eupatorium buniifolium - "chirca", Erianthus angustifolius - "macega", Baccharis coridifolia - "mio-mio", B. trimera - "carqueja", Eryngium horridum - caraguaté) foram estudadas durante 5 anos, visando obter informações sobre a evolução da vegetação e dados fenológicos das espécies indesejáveis.bitstream/item/110556/1/EVOLUCAO-DA-VEGETACAO.pd

Limpeza de campo na Serra do Sudeste, RS: efeito do corte e queima de plantas lenhosas, visando aumentar as áreas de pastoreio.

Sistema da produção da região; O problema e a pesquisa realizada; Resultados; Conclusões.bitstream/item/110551/1/LIMPEZA-DE-CAMPO-NA-SERRA.pd

Study of the piezoresistivity of doped nanocrystalline silicon thin films

The piezoresistive response of n- and p-type hydrogenated nanocrystalline silicon thin films, deposited by hot-wire (HW) and plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) on thermally oxidized silicon wafers, has been studied using four-point bending tests. The piezoresistive gauge factor (GF) was measured on patterned thin-film micro-resistors rotated by an angle θ with respect to the principal strain axis. Both longitudinal (GFL) and transverse (GFT) GFs, corresponding to θ = 0° and 90°, respectively, are negative for n-type and positive for p-type films. For other values of θ (30°, 45°, 120°, and 135°) GFs have the same signal as GFL and GFT and their value is proportional to the normal strain associated with planes rotated by θ relative to the principal strain axis. It is concluded that the films are isotropic in the growth plane since the GF values follow a Mohr’s circle with the principal axes coinciding with those of the strain tensor. The strongest p-type pirezoresistive response (GFL = 41.0, GFT = 2.84) was found in a film deposited by PECVD at a substrate temperature of 250 °C and working pressure of 0.250 Torr, with dark conductivity 1.6 Ω−1cm−1. The strongest n-type response (GFL =− 28.1, GFT =− 5.60) was found in a film deposited by PECVD at 150 °C and working pressure of 3 Torr, with dark conductivity 9.7 Ω−1cm−1. A model for the piezoresistivity of nc-Si is proposed, based on a mean-field approximation for the conductivity of an ensemble of randomly oriented crystallites and neglecting grain boundary effects. The model is able to reproduce the measured GFL values for both n- and p-type films. It fails, however, to explain the transversal GFT data. Both experimental and theoretical data show that nanocrystalline silicon can have an isotropic piezoresistive effect of the order of 40% of the maximum response of crystalline silicon.Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT) - PTDC/CTM/66558/2006, bolsa de investigação SFRH/BSAB/883/200