28,515 research outputs found
Complete structure of Z_n Yukawa couplings
We give the complete twisted Yukawa couplings for all the Z_n orbifold
constructions in the most general case, i.e. when orbifold deformations are
considered. This includes a certain number of tasks. Namely, determination of
the allowed couplings, calculation of the explicit dependence of the Yukawa
couplings values on the moduli expectation values (i.e. the parameters
determining the size and shape of the compactified space), etc. The final
expressions are completely explicit, which allows a counting of the DIFFERENT
Yukawa couplings for each orbifold (with and without deformations). This
knowledge is crucial to determine the phenomenological viability of the
different schemes, since it is directly related to the fermion mass hierarchy.
Other facts concerning the phenomenological profile of Z_n orbifolds are also
discussed, e.g. the existence of non--diagonal entries in the fermion mass
matrices, which is related to a non--trivial structure of the
Kobayashi--Maskawa matrix. Finally some theoretical results are given, e.g. the
no--participation of (1,2) moduli in twisted Yukawa couplings. Likewise, (1,1)
moduli associated with fixed tori which are involved in the Yukawa coupling, do
not affect the value of the coupling.Comment: 60 page
A new look at the kinematics of the bulge from an N-body model
(Abridged) By using an N-body simulation of a bulge that was formed via a bar
instability mechanism, we analyse the imprints of the initial (i.e. before bar
formation) location of stars on the bulge kinematics, in particular on the
heliocentric radial velocity distribution of bulge stars. Four different
latitudes were considered: , , , and
, along the bulge minor axis as well as outside it, at
and . The bulge X-shaped structure comprises
stars that formed in the disk at different locations. Stars formed in the outer
disk, beyond the end of the bar, which are part of the boxy peanut-bulge
structure may show peaks in the velocity distributions at positive and negative
heliocentric radial velocities with high absolute values that can be larger
than 100 , depending on the observed direction. In some
cases the structure of the velocity field is more complex and several peaks are
observed. Stars formed in the inner disk, the most numerous, contribute
predominantly to the X-shaped structure and present different kinematic
characteristics. Our results may enable us to interpret the cold high-velocity
peak observed in the APOGEE commissioning data, as well as the excess of
high-velocity stars in the near and far arms of the X-shaped structure at
= and =. When compared with real data, the kinematic
picture becomes more complex due to the possible presence in the observed
samples of classical bulge and/or thick disk stars. Overall, our results point
to the existence of complex patterns and structures in the bulge velocity
fields, which are generated by the bar. This suggests that caution should be
used when interpreting the bulge kinematics: the presence of substructures,
peaks and clumps in the velocity fields is not necessarily a sign of past
accretion events.Comment: 21 pages, 18 figures. Accepted for publication in A&
Maternal and familial correlates of anthropometric typologies in the nutrition transition of Colombia, 2000–2010
Q2Q1Objective: We aimed to assess the maternal and family determinants of four
anthropometric typologies at the household level in Colombia for the years 2000,
2005 and 2010.
Design: We classified children <5 years old according to height-for-age Z-score
(2) to assess stunting and overweight/obesity,
respectively; mothers were categorized according to BMI to assess underweight
(<18·5 kg/m2
) and overweight/obesity (≥25·0 kg/m2
). At the household level, we
established four final anthropometric typologies: normal, underweight, overweight and dual-burden households. Separate polytomous logistic regression
models for each of the surveyed years were developed to examine several
maternal and familial determinants of the different anthropometric typologies.
Setting: National and sub-regional (urban and rural) representative samples from
Colombia, South America.
Subjects: Drawing on data from three waves of Colombia’s Demographic and
Health Survey/Encuesta Nacional de Salud (DHS/ENDS), we examined individual
and household information from mothers (18–49 years) and their children (birth–
5 years).
Results: Higher parity was associated with an increased likelihood of overweight
and dual burden. Higher levels of maternal education were correlated with lower
prevalence of overweight, underweight and dual burden of malnutrition in all data
collection waves. In 2010, participation in nutrition programmes for children
<5 years, being an indigenous household, food purchase decisions by the mother
and food security classification were also associated with the four anthropometric
typologies.
Conclusions: Results suggest that maternal and family correlates of certain
anthropometric typologies at the household level may be used to better frame
policies aimed at improving social conditions and nutrition outcomes.Revista Internacional - Indexad
Mechanism for bipolar resistive switching in transition metal oxides
We introduce a model that accounts for the bipolar resistive switching
phenomenom observed in transition metal oxides. It qualitatively describes the
electric field-enhanced migration of oxygen vacancies at the nano-scale. The
numerical study of the model predicts that strong electric fields develop in
the highly resistive dielectric-electrode interfaces, leading to a spatially
inhomogeneous oxygen vacancies distribution and a concomitant resistive
switching effect. The theoretical results qualitatively reproduce non-trivial
resistance hysteresis experiments that we also report, providing key validation
to our model.Comment: Accepted for publication in Physical Review B, 6 twocolumn pages, 5
figure
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