ANÁLISE ESPACIAL DO RISCO DE ADOECIMENTO DA HANSENÍASE EM UM ESTADO DO NORDESTE BRASILEIRO

Objetivo: analisar a distribuição espacial do risco para o adoecimento de hanseníase nos municípios do estado da Paraíba, Brasil. Método: trata-se de estudo ecológico de análise espacial. Foram incluídos casos novos de hanseníase residentes na Paraíba, registrados no Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação de 2001 a 2016. Foi realizada análise espacial descritiva nos períodos de 2001-2008 e 2009-2016 do índice composto de indicadores epidemiológico e análise de dependência espacial por meio dos índices de Moran global e local. Resultados: foram registrados 12.134 casos novos no período estudado. Identificou-se no primeiro período clusters com classificação alto/alto nas regiões leste, oeste e noroeste. No segundo período, os clusters concentram-se nas regiões leste e sudeste e decresceu no oeste e noroeste. Conclusão: o risco para o adoecimento de hanseníase está presente nos municípios da Paraíba. A distribuição espacial é dessemelhante no estado. Ações de vigilância devem ser prioritárias para o controle da endemia.Descritores: Hanseníase. Epidemiologia. Análise Espacial. Atenção Primária à Saúde

A aplicação do sensoriamento remoto e geoprocessamento na análise ambiental

The catchment area of the dam Camara - PB presents great diversity of landscapes, especially in relation to landforms and soil diversity. Its importance lies in concerns about the conservation of the environment and the socio-economic development associated with the preservation of natural resources in the area, searching for the integrated and sustainable development. This study aimed to contribute to the development of a map of the watershed erodibility Camara, for future research and projects that improve environmental conservation. Thus, there were collection and analysis of soil, drawing up a slope map, for greater accuracy in the results. Used in this research was an image of CBERS, for 2004 and geoprocessing techniques using the SPRING program, descriptive foundation for the work field, where it was collected in the GPS control points for observation. From the information of soil and topography, were described areas susceptible to erosion. The results obtained in the watershed allowed to present that in its 19 units geoenvironmental presents predominance of the strong undulated and wavy Regosols soils, deep and well drained.Pages: 4807-481

Análise de relevo e uso do solo no município de Taperoá - PB utilizando técnicas de geoprocessamento

The geoprocessing and their technologies tools aid to developing various environmental studies, allowing generate products that represent reality in a plan virtual with high accuracy. This study aimed to evaluate the land use and its relationship to the relief municipality Taperoá - PB. For this we used radar images SRTM - Shuttle Radar Topography Mission, available free for the site of Embrapa, which were generated maps of slope and hipsometria, as well as maps of Conservation and Utilization Project Sustainable Brazilian Biological Diversity - PROBIO. In possession of geomorphological features was possible to see a strong correlation Among the features of the relief with the way land use and detecting areas prone to degradation. The urban area occupies currently the flattest region of the county, explaining his horizontal growth and discarding the possibility of landslides or landslides caused by irregular occupations. As respect to degradation in the region, the practice of intensive farming occurs on a large scale around the whole municipality independent of relief conditions, which can be considered a warning to managers oversee whether such activity is taking place in accordance with environmental laws.Pages: 4427-443

Analysis of the Tuberculosis Occurrence Through the Use of Geoprocessing

Background: For the control of tuberculosis (TB), it must be adopted specific measures in areas of high transmission. Thus, it was aimed to identify the spatial pattern of new tuberculosis cases in Juazeiro do Norte-CE/ Brazil, from 2001 to 2012. Methods and Findings: It is a hybrid design, ecological study and temporal trend. The new cases reported with TB were included as subjects of research. It was outlined the socio demographic profile; the spatial analysis of cases was made through the Kernel technique and the nearest neighbor method with simulation. Among 914 new TB cases, there was a predominance of males (56,0%),  aged between 20 to 39 years (42,0%), with incomplete elementary school (43,2%), pulmonary clinical form (89,1%). 79,1% of patients achieved a cure and 5,3% abandoned the treatment. In the studied period, it was identified homogeneous spatial distribution and non-random pattern, with the highest concentration of cases in the southern region of the city. Conclusion: The identification of spatial pattern becomes relevant, in order that it can contribute to the strengthening of the TB control by providing information that optimizes activities such as: active search, health education, notification of new cases and supervising the treatment performed by health professionals

Occurrence of tuberculosis cases in Crato, Ceará, from 2002 to 2011: a spatial analisys of specific standards

OBJECTIVE: to analyze the spatial distribution of tuberculosis in Crato, Ceará, Brazil, from 2002 to 2011, aiming to check for a point pattern. METHODS: This is an ecological, temporal trend and hybrid design study, with a quantitative approach. A total of 261 cases of tuberculosis were geo-referenced and 20 (7.1%) were considered as losses due to the lack of address. The profile of patients in 10 years of study was in accordance with the following pattern: men aged between 20 and 59 years, with low schooling, affected by the pulmonary form of tuberculosis and who were cured from the disease. RESULTS: The analysis of the spatial distribution of tuberculosis points out that in the period of study, new cases of the disease were not distributed on a regular basis, indicating a clustered spatial pattern, confirmed by the L-function. The map with the density of new cases estimated by the Kernel method showed that the "hot" areas are more concentrated in the vicinity of the central urban area. CONCLUSION: The study allowed pointing out areas of higher and lower concentration of tuberculosis, identifying the spatial pattern, but it also recognized that the disease has not reached all of the population groups with the same intensity. Those who were most vulnerable were the ones who lived in regions with higher population densities, precarious living conditions, and with intense flow of people

Spatial distribution of scorpions according to the socioeconomic conditions in Campina Grande,State of Paraíba, Brazil

Abstract: INTRODUCTION: Due to its frequency and morbidity, such as that caused by scorpions have achieved public health importance in certain regions of the world. The present exploratory ecological study aimed to characterize the epidemiological profile and spatial distribution of scorpion stings in Campina Grande, State of Paraíba in Northeastern Brazil. METHODS: Geographical information system techniques were used to record the scorpion stings, and Google Earth software, Track Maker, and ArcGIS 10 Esri were used as geocoding databases. The Moran test was used to evaluate spatial correlation, and the Pearson chi-square test was used to analyze associations between scorpion stings and socioeconomic variables. RESULTS: The study evaluated 1,466 scorpion stings. Envenomations were more frequent among women (n = 908, 61.9%), and most patients were aged 13-28 years (n = 428, 29.2%). The Southern region of the city had the largest number of registered cases (n = 548, 37.4%), followed by the Western region (n = 510, 34.8%). CONCLUSIONS: Spatial analysis of scorpionism revealed an irregular occurrence in Campina Grande. Further, no association was observed between the socioeconomic factors analyzed and the geographic location of the scorpion envenomations. Detection of spatial areas with an increased risk of scorpionism can help prioritize adoption of preventive measures in these regions to reduce the associated incidence and morbidity