Hemangioblastoma - cordão cervical: Hemangioblastoma - cervical cord

Introdução: Os Hemangioblastomas são tumores de origem vascular que podem prejudicar o sistema nervoso central, com  um pico de incidência na quarta década de vida. Apresentação do caso: Paciente de 24 anos, feminino,  procedente do centro-oeste do Brasil, apresenta há 2 anos, pequena massa na região cervical com crescimento lento. Há 1 ano, associa-se forte dor nos ombros e cefaleia, além de redução gradual da sensibilidade em mãos e pés. Ao exame, redução da sensibilidade tátil, térmica e dolorosa em membros. Realizada Ressonância magnética com evidência de lesões  nodulares de realce homogêneo, associando-se a cisto. Discussão: A clínica dos hemangiomas varia de acordo com a localização do tumor e do efeito de massa, sendo a cefaléia o sintoma mais comum, seguido por náuseas, vertigem, e diplopia. O diagnóstico é realizado através de angiografia, tomografia computadorizada e ressonância magnética. A terapia empregada é a remoção cirúrgica por excisão tumoral. Conclusão: Por meio de uma identificação imediata de infiltração tumoral ou a presença de células tumorais residuais, em que se observa a frequência de uma pequena quantidade de células tumorais pode levar à recorrência tumoral sendo por isso importante remover completamente os hemangioblastomas

Síndrome de Bruns: Bruns Syndrome

Introdução: A síndrome de Bruns é uma manifestação rara de uma neurocisticercose (NCC) intraventricular.  A NCC é causada pela larva da Tenia solium, por meio da contaminação fecal-oral, e caracteriza-se como uma das possíveis infecções helmínticas do sistema nervoso central. A doença possui maior prevalência em países de baixa renda, onde há precariedade no sistema de saneamento básico, além de ser uma das causas de convulsões no mundo. Apresentação do caso: Paciente do sexo masculino, 47 anos, admitido no Pronto Socorro da Santa Casa de Campo Grande, após quadro de crise convulsiva tônico-clonica. História pregressa de início há 6 meses de episódios semanais de cefaleia holocraniana intensa, em aperto, associado a náuseas, vômitos e vertigem. Discussão: A síndrome de Bruns consiste em episódios recorrentes de cefaleia intensa, vômitos e vertigens provocadas por movimentos abruptos da cabeça ou pela manobra de Valsava. Tais agravos levam a obstruções periódicas na circulação do líquor e aumentos paroxísticos da pressão intracraniana, devido a uma massa ventricular móvel que provoca hidrocefalia não comunicante. O diagnóstico pode ser difícil, visto que o quadro é inespecífico e depende de fatores como localização  das lesões e sistema imune do hospedeiro. Conclusão: Por se tratar de uma forma rara de evolução da neurocisticercose, é necessário atenção quanto a sintomatologia inespecífica. Pois, os casos podem ser negligenciados e evoluírem de forma desfavorável por atraso da terapêutica

A novel Sporothrix brasiliensis genomic variant in Midwestern Brazil: evidence for an older and wider sporotrichosis epidemic.

Sporotrichosis is a subcutaneous infection caused by fungi from the genus Sporothrix. It is transmitted by inoculation of infective particles found in plant-contaminated material or diseased animals, characterizing the classic sapronotic and emerging zoonotic transmission, respectively. Since 1998, southeastern Brazil has experienced a zoonotic sporotrichosis epidemic caused by S. brasiliensis, centred in the state of Rio de Janeiro. Our observation of feline sporotrichosis cases in Brasília (Midwestern Brazil), around 900 km away from Rio de Janeiro, led us to question whether the epidemic caused by S. brasiliensis has spread from the epicentre in Rio de Janeiro, emerged independently in the two locations, or if the disease has been present and unrecognized in Midwestern Brazil. A retrospective analysis of 91 human and 4 animal cases from Brasília, ranging from 1993 to 2018, suggests the occurrence of both sapronotic and zoonotic transmission. Molecular typing of the calmodulin locus identified S. schenckii as the agent in two animals and all seven human patients from which we were able to recover clinical isolates. In two other animals, the disease was caused by S. brasiliensis. Whole-genome sequence typing of seven Sporothrix spp. strains from Brasília and Rio de Janeiro suggests that S. brasiliensis isolates from Brasília are genetically distinct from those obtained at the epicentre of the outbreak in Rio de Janeiro, both in phylogenomic and population genomic analyses. The two S. brasiliensis populations seem to have separated between 2.2 and 3.1 million years ago, indicating independent outbreaks or that the zoonotic S. brasiliensis outbreak might have started earlier and be more widespread in South America than previously recognized

A novel Sporothrix brasiliensis genomic variant in Midwestern Brazil: evidence for an older and wider sporotrichosis epidemic.

Sporotrichosis is a subcutaneous infection caused by fungi from the genus Sporothrix. It is transmitted by inoculation of infective particles found in plant-contaminated material or diseased animals, characterizing the classic sapronotic and emerging zoonotic transmission, respectively. Since 1998, southeastern Brazil has experienced a zoonotic sporotrichosis epidemic caused by S. brasiliensis, centred in the state of Rio de Janeiro. Our observation of feline sporotrichosis cases in Brasília (Midwestern Brazil), around 900 km away from Rio de Janeiro, led us to question whether the epidemic caused by S. brasiliensis has spread from the epicentre in Rio de Janeiro, emerged independently in the two locations, or if the disease has been present and unrecognized in Midwestern Brazil. A retrospective analysis of 91 human and 4 animal cases from Brasília, ranging from 1993 to 2018, suggests the occurrence of both sapronotic and zoonotic transmission. Molecular typing of the calmodulin locus identified S. schenckii as the agent in two animals and all seven human patients from which we were able to recover clinical isolates. In two other animals, the disease was caused by S. brasiliensis. Whole-genome sequence typing of seven Sporothrix spp. strains from Brasília and Rio de Janeiro suggests that S. brasiliensis isolates from Brasília are genetically distinct from those obtained at the epicentre of the outbreak in Rio de Janeiro, both in phylogenomic and population genomic analyses. The two S. brasiliensis populations seem to have separated between 2.2 and 3.1 million years ago, indicating independent outbreaks or that the zoonotic S. brasiliensis outbreak might have started earlier and be more widespread in South America than previously recognized

Neotropical freshwater fisheries : A dataset of occurrence and abundance of freshwater fishes in the Neotropics

The Neotropical region hosts 4225 freshwater fish species, ranking first among the world's most diverse regions for freshwater fishes. Our NEOTROPICAL FRESHWATER FISHES data set is the first to produce a large-scale Neotropical freshwater fish inventory, covering the entire Neotropical region from Mexico and the Caribbean in the north to the southern limits in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay. We compiled 185,787 distribution records, with unique georeferenced coordinates, for the 4225 species, represented by occurrence and abundance data. The number of species for the most numerous orders are as follows: Characiformes (1289), Siluriformes (1384), Cichliformes (354), Cyprinodontiformes (245), and Gymnotiformes (135). The most recorded species was the characid Astyanax fasciatus (4696 records). We registered 116,802 distribution records for native species, compared to 1802 distribution records for nonnative species. The main aim of the NEOTROPICAL FRESHWATER FISHES data set was to make these occurrence and abundance data accessible for international researchers to develop ecological and macroecological studies, from local to regional scales, with focal fish species, families, or orders. We anticipate that the NEOTROPICAL FRESHWATER FISHES data set will be valuable for studies on a wide range of ecological processes, such as trophic cascades, fishery pressure, the effects of habitat loss and fragmentation, and the impacts of species invasion and climate change. There are no copyright restrictions on the data, and please cite this data paper when using the data in publications

NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES: a data set on carnivore distribution in the Neotropics

Mammalian carnivores are considered a key group in maintaining ecological health and can indicate potential ecological integrity in landscapes where they occur. Carnivores also hold high conservation value and their habitat requirements can guide management and conservation plans. The order Carnivora has 84 species from 8 families in the Neotropical region: Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Otariidae; Phocidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae. Herein, we include published and unpublished data on native terrestrial Neotropical carnivores (Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae). NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES is a publicly available data set that includes 99,605 data entries from 35,511 unique georeferenced coordinates. Detection/non-detection and quantitative data were obtained from 1818 to 2018 by researchers, governmental agencies, non-governmental organizations, and private consultants. Data were collected using several methods including camera trapping, museum collections, roadkill, line transect, and opportunistic records. Literature (peer-reviewed and grey literature) from Portuguese, Spanish and English were incorporated in this compilation. Most of the data set consists of detection data entries (n = 79,343; 79.7%) but also includes non-detection data (n = 20,262; 20.3%). Of those, 43.3% also include count data (n = 43,151). The information available in NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES will contribute to macroecological, ecological, and conservation questions in multiple spatio-temporal perspectives. As carnivores play key roles in trophic interactions, a better understanding of their distribution and habitat requirements are essential to establish conservation management plans and safeguard the future ecological health of Neotropical ecosystems. Our data paper, combined with other large-scale data sets, has great potential to clarify species distribution and related ecological processes within the Neotropics. There are no copyright restrictions and no restriction for using data from this data paper, as long as the data paper is cited as the source of the information used. We also request that users inform us of how they intend to use the data