Easterly wave disturbances over Northeast Brazil: an observational analysis

This paper aims to identify the circulation associated with Easterly Wave Disturbances (EWDs) that propagate toward the Eastern Northeast Brazil (ENEB) and their impact on the rainfall over ENEB during 2006 and 2007 rainy seasons (April–July). The EWDs identification and trajectory are analyzed using an automatic tracking technique (TracKH). The EWDs circulation patterns and their main features were obtained using the composite technique. To evaluate the TracKH efficiency, a validation was done by comparing the EWDs number tracked against observed cases obtained from an observational analysis. The mean characteristics of EWDs are 5.5-day period, propagation speed of ~9.5 m·s−1, and a 4500 km wavelength. A synoptic analysis shows that between days −2 d and 0 d, the low level winds presented cyclonic relative vorticity and convergence anomalies both in 2006 and 2007. The EWDs signals are strongest at low levels. The EWDs propagation is associated with relative humidity and precipitation positive anomalies and OLR and omega negative anomalies. The EWDs tracks are seen over all ENEB and their lysis occurs between the ENEB and marginally inside the continent. The tracking captured 71% of EWDs in all periods, indicating that an objective analysis is a promising method for EWDs detection

Fluxos de Superfície em Topografia Complexa

Fluxos de superfície em topografia complex

Variabilidade das Medidas de Fluxos de Co2 do Solo obtidas pelo Método da Correlação de Vórtices

Variabilidade das medidas de fluxos de CO2 do solo obtidaspelo método da correlação de vórtice

Comparação da Radiação Solar Global Incidente Obtida por Diferentes Fontes de Dados para o Norte de SP

O objetivo deste trabalho foi comparar os dados de radiaçãosolar global incidente de três torres micrometeorológicas localizados naregião norte do estado de São Paulo, com os dados disponíveis de outrasfontes: estações meteorológicas de superfície mais próximas e estimativasa partir de satélites (modelo GL1.2). A regressão linear entre as estimativasde radiação do modelo GL1.2 com as observações na área decerrado indicou um ajuste melhor do que o obtido com a estaçãometeorológica mais próxima. Esses resultados sugerem que as estimativasde radiação do modelo GL1.2 podem ser usadas para o preenchimentode falhas de Ki medida nas torres micrometeorológicas e potencialmentecomo forçante em esquemas de superfície e modelos hidrológicosaplicados a bacias hidrográficas da região

Avaliação ecodinâmica da bacia hidrográfica do Rio Paramopama – São Cristóvão/Sergipe

A bacia do rio Paramopama drena o antigo sítio onde se instalou inicialmente a capital de Sergipe. Na atualidade, ela apresenta diferentes tipos de uso e são visíveis os impactos ambientais sobre os recursos hídricos. Este trabalho tem por objetivo avaliar o estado das unidades de paisagem da bacia segundo a ecodinâmica de Tricart (1977), a partir de um diagnóstico morfodinâmico. Os procedimentos metodológicos foram: levantamento bibliográfico, análise do material cartográfico e trabalhos de campo. Foram identificadas seis unidades de paisagem: Topos sub-horizontais, Vertentes fracamente antropizadas, Vertentes antropizadas, Vertentes com áreas de solo exposto, Planície aluvial e Planície Fluviomarinha. Estas unidades foram enquadradas em uma das categorias ecodinâmicas obtidas: Meios Estáveis, Meios Relativamente Estáveis, Meios Intergrades e Meios Fortemente Instáveis. Elas estão condicionadas por um conjunto de processos morfodinâmicos regulados, principalmente, pelo clima e pelas ações antrópicas. O estudo constatou-se que na bacia do rio Paramopama predominam os Meios Intergrades

Secondary Metabolites of Marine Microbes: From Natural Products Chemistry to Chemical Ecology

Marine natural products (MNPs) exhibit a wide range of pharmaceutically relevant bioactivities, including antibiotic, antiviral, anticancer, or anti-inflammatory properties. Besides marine macroorganisms such as sponges, algae, or corals, specifically marine bacteria and fungi have shown to produce novel secondary metabolites (SMs) with unique and diverse chemical structures that may hold the key for the development of novel drugs or drug leads. Apart from highlighting their potential benefit to humankind, this review is focusing on the manifold functions of SMs in the marine ecosystem. For example, potent MNPs have the ability to exile predators and competing organisms, act as attractants for mating purposes, or serve as dye for the expulsion or attraction of other organisms. A large compilation of literature on the role of MNPs in marine ecology is available, and several reviews evaluated the function of MNPs for the aforementioned topics. Therefore, we focused the second part of this review on the importance of bioactive compounds from crustose coralline algae (CCA) and their role during coral settlement, a topic that has received less attention. It has been shown that certain SMs derived from CCA and their associated bacteria are able to induce attachment and/or metamorphosis of many benthic invertebrate larvae, including globally threatened reef-building scleractinian corals. This review provides an overview on bioactivities of MNPs from marine microbes and their potential use in medicine as well as on the latest findings of the chemical ecology and settlement process of scleractinian corals and other invertebrate larvae

Easterly waves Disturbances over Northeast Brazil: Climatology and Numerical Modeling.

Uma climatologia de 21 anos dos Distúrbios Ondulatórios de Leste (DOLs) sobre a região NEB foi realizada com o intuito de obter um melhor entendimento dos processos dinâmicos e sinóticos do ciclo de vida destes sistemas, incluindo gênese, crescimento/decaimento, trajetória e dissipação. Adicionalmente, foi avaliada a eficiência do modelo de mesoescala WRF em simular este tipo de sistema. A identificação dos DOLs foi obtida de forma subjetiva através de imagens de satélite no canal infravermelho e campos de linhas de corrente e vorticidade relativa nos níveis de 1000, 850, 700, 500 e 200 hPa da reanálise do ERA-Interim. Neste período foram identificados 518 eventos de DOLs, onde 97% (3%) dessas ondas atingiram (não atingiram) a região do NEB, 64% (36%) foram convectivas (não convectivas) e 14% (86%) atingiram a região da Amazônia. Os principais sistemas que deram origem aos DOLs foram: Zona de Convergência Intertropical (ZCIT), Vórtice Ciclônico de Altos Níveis (VCAN), Frentes Frias (FF) e conglomerados convectivos provenientes da costa oeste da África (AF). Além destes, a interação entre os sistemas AF/FF, AF/ZCIT, AF/VCAN e ZCIT/FF estiveram associadas a sua formação. Em média, foram observadas aproximadamente 25 ondas por ano, com máxima (mínima) frequência compreendida entre os meses de Março a Agosto (Setembro a Fevereiro) e, com pronunciada variabilidade interanual. O ciclo de vida dos DOLs foi avaliado de forma objetiva a partir de um método automático de identificação e rastreio (TracKH), onde dos 518 eventos identificados na análise subjetiva, conseguiu capturar 342 ondas ( ~ 66%). A partir desta detecção, uma análise foi feita no nível 850 hPa para determinar as características típicas do seu ciclo de vida, que mostra um pico proeminente entre as longitudes de 35°W e 15°W e latitudes de 20°S e 5°N associado a densidade de gênese. A trajetória e dissipação se concentraram sobre a costa leste do NEB, entre os estados de Alagoas e Rio Grande do Norte, porém a dissipação diminuía a medida que adentrava ao continente. Os padrões sinóticos associados aos DOLs foram analisados através da anomalia de composição durante o período de máxima (úmido) e mínima (seco) frequência desde 3 dias antes até um dia após os DOLs atingirem a costa do NEB. Durante o período úmido, a circulação associada aos DOLs apresentou anomalia ciclônica e confluente, vorticidade negativa e convergência até médios níveis, enquanto que em 200 hPa apresentou apenas a característica do cavado. Por outro lado, para o período seco, estas características foram observadas somente em baixos níveis. Anomalias negativas de movimentos verticais e temperatura e positivas de umidade foram observadas associadas aos DOLs nas duas estações, porém atingindo maiores altitudes durante o período seco. A composição de precipitação indicou que os DOLs são responsáveis por um acréscimo de 16% (4%) durante a estação úmida (seca). As características típicas dessas ondas foram: período médio de 8 (73) dias, comprimento de onda de aproximadamente 4500 (5500) km e velocidade de fase da ordem de 6,5 (0,9) m.s-1, para o período úmido (seco). O modelo WRF simulou os padrões sinóticos, a precipitação e as características típicas associadas aos DOLs de forma coerente, sendo comparado aos resultados do Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR), porém com maior intensidade, para os eventos de 11 e 17 de junho de 2006.A 21-year climatology of Easterly Wave Disturbances (EWDs) over NEB region was constructed in order to obtain a better understanding of dynamic and synoptic processes life cycle of these systems, including genesis, growth / decay, trajectory and dissipation. Moreover, we evaluated the efficiency of WRF mesoscale model to simulate this type of system. The identification of EWDs was obtained subjectively through satellite images in infrared channel and fields of streamlines and relative vorticity at the levels 1000, 850, 700, 500 and 200 hPa from ERA-Interim reanalysis. During this period, 518 EWDs were identified, where 97% (3%) of these waves hit (not hit) the NEB region, 64% (36%) were convective (non-convective) and 14% (86%) reached the Amazon region. The main systems that gave rise to DOLs were: Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ), Upper-Tropospheric Cyclonic Vortices (UTCV), Cold Fronts (FF) and convective clusters from the west coast of Africa (AF). In addition, the interaction between systems AF/FF, AF/ITCZ, AF/UTCV and ITCZ/FF were associated with their formation. On average, we observed approximately 25 waves per year, with maximum (minimum) frequency between the months of March to August (September to February) and, with pronounced interannual variability. The life cycle of EWDs was evaluated objectively using an automatic method for the identification and tracking (TracKH). From the 518 events identified in the subjective analysis, TracKH was able to capture 342 waves (~ 66%). From this detection, an analysis was made at 850 hPa level to determine the characteristics of their life cycle, which shows a prominent peak around of 35°W-15°W and 20°S-5°N associated with density genesis. The trajectory and dissipation have concentrated over east coast of the NEB, between the states of Alagoas and Rio Grande do Norte, but the dissipation decreased once the systems enter the continent. The synoptic patterns associated with EWDs were analyzed by composing anomaly during the period of maximum (wet) and minimum (dry) frequency from 3 days before until one day after the EWDs reaching the NEB coast. During the wet period, the circulation presented cyclonic and confluent anomaly, negative vorticity and convergence at all levels except at 200 hPa which only showed a trough characteristic while for the dry season, this feature was only observed at low levels. Negative anomalies of vertical movements and temperature and positive humidity associated with EWDs were observed in both seasons, but reaching higher elevations during the dry period. The precipitation composition indicated that the EWDs are responsible for an increase of 16% (4%) during the wet season (dry). Typical characteristics of these waves were: mean period of 8 (73) days, wavelength of about 4500 (5500) km and phase velocity of about 6.5 (0.9) m.s-1 for the wet period (dry). The WRF model simulated the synoptic patterns, precipitation and the typical features associated with EWDs in a coherently manner when compared to the results of the Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR), but with greater intensity to the events of 11 and 17 June 2006

EVALUATION OF CORN HYBRIDS PERFORMANCE IN TWO LOCATIONS OF GOIÁS

The objective of this study was to evaluate the agronomic traits and grain yield of corn hybrids in two locations of the North Central region of Goiás. The experimental design was a randomized block, in the 17x2 factorial scheme (17 hybrids and two locations) with four replications. The locations were Itapaci and Ceres. Each plot consisted of two rows of five meters, spaced 0.50 m and rows were sown on the sides, which served as a border. The evaluations occurred in the two central rows, excluding 0.50 m at the extremities. The variables analyzed were: first ear height, plant height, stem, number of ears per plant, number of grain rows, number of grains per row, 1000 grain weight and grain yield (kg ha-1). The hybrids that showed the best conditions for plant height were DKB 290 PRO 3, DKB 290 PRO 2, DKB 310 PRO 2, DAS 2B810 PW, DKB 390 PRO 2 and AS 1633 PRO 2, with emphasis on DKB 310 PRO 2, which also showed satisfactory first ear height and stem and ear diameter. About grain yield, the hybrids MG 652 PW, AGN 30A37 PW, STATUS, DKB 310 PRO 2, AG 7098 PRO 2, MG 600 PW and IMPACTO presented highest grain yield performance in both municipalities

Climatology of Easterly Wave Disturbances of Northeast Brazil

A 21-year climatology of Easterly Wave Disturbances (EWDs) over Northeastem\ud Brazil (NEB) region was constructed in order to obtain a better understanding of dynamic and\ud synoptic processes life cycle of these systems, including genesis, growth I decay, trajectory\ud and dissipation. The identification of EWDs was obtained subjectively through satellite\ud images in infrared channel and fields of streamlines and relative vorticity at the levels 1000,\ud 850, 700, 500 and 200 hPa from ERA-Interim reanalysis. During this period, 518 EWDs were\ud identified, where 97% (3%) ofthese waves reach (do not reach) the NEB region, 64% (36%)\ud were convective (non-convective) and 14% (86%) reached the Amazon region. The main\ud systems that gave rise to DOLs were: Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ), Upper-\ud Tropospheric Cyclonic Vortices (UTCV), Cold Fronts (FF) and convective clusters from the\ud west coast of Africa (AF). In addition, the interactions between systems AFIFF, AFIITCZ,\ud AFIUTCV and ITCZIFF were associated with their formation. On average, we observed\ud approximately 25 waves per year, with maximum (minimum) frequency between the months\ud ofMarch to August (September to February) and, with pronounced interannual variability.Título: V SIC: Interação oceano-atmosfera: impactos climáticos no presente e cenários futuros. Eventos simultâneos ao V SIC: Encontro Sul Brasileiro de Meteorologia, 5. Florianópolis, Brasil, 2013; Congresso Latino-Americano e Ibérico de Meteorologia da FLISMET, 15. Florianópolis, Brasil, 2013