Moral Views of Thiruvarutpa From Vallalar’s Point of View

Ramalinga Adigalar is credited with giving clarity and simplicity to Tamil poetry, which has been rich for more than 20 centuries and brought about a positive turn in the last century. It guides mankind to be completely liberated from suffering without getting buried in religion and philosophy. Vallalar's divine policy was in a manner that alleviated the sufferings of the poor and needy. It was aimed at freeing people from superstition. His religious policy was neither blind nor crude. His doctrine of God arising out of the practice of Saivam led him to the path of pure righteousness and guided him. The purpose of this article is to examine from Vallalar's point of view how Thiruvarutpa directs mankind to live with dignity without enmity and to rise to become great men

Biosorption of chromium by mangrove-derived Aplanochytrium sp.

The microbial dried biomass of Thraustochytrids is used as bioadsorbent for the removal of the chromium in aqueous solution. In this investigation, three species of Thraustochydrids namely Aplanochytrium sp., Thraustochytrium sp. and Schizochytrium sp. were tested for the efficiency of chromium accumulation by culturing in chromium-incorporated medium at 30°C for one week incubation. The biomass was harvested by filtration through Whatman no.1 filter paper. The level of metal accumulation in the biomass was determined by using an inductively coupled plasma system (ICP- Optical Emission Spectrophotometer; Optima 2100DV). Finally, among the three strains, Aplanochytrium spp. was selected for the adsorption kinetics and optimization using response surface methodology. Optimization of chromium removal by dried microbial biomass was analyzed with important factors of different pH, adsorbent dosage (Aplanochytrium dried biomass), temperature and processing time with 30 batch experimental plan derived from the centre composite design (CCD) of response surface methodology. Aplanochytrium sp. dried biomass removed chromium of 69.4% in aqueous solution. Therefore, Aplanochytrium sp. dried biomass is potent for the removal of chromium in waste water treatment.Key words: Mangroves, chromium removal, Aplanochytrium sp., biosorption, waste water treatment

Indian Sign Language Recognition through Hybrid ConvNet-LSTM Networks

Dynamic hand gesture recognition is a challenging task of Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) and Computer Vision. The potential application areas of gesture recognition include sign language translation, video gaming, video surveillance, robotics, and gesture-controlled home appliances. In the proposed research, gesture recognition is applied to recognize sign language words from real-time videos. Classifying the actions from video sequences requires both spatial and temporal features. The proposed system handles the former by the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), which is the core of several computer vision solutions and the latter by the Recurrent Neural Network (RNN), which is more efficient in handling the sequences of movements. Thus, the real-time Indian sign language (ISL) recognition system is developed using the hybrid CNN-RNN architecture. The system is trained with the proposed CasTalk-ISL dataset. The ultimate purpose of the presented research is to deploy a real-time sign language translator to break the hurdles present in the communication between hearing-impaired people and normal people. The developed system achieves 95.99% top-1 accuracy and 99.46% top-3 accuracy on the test dataset. The obtained results outperform the existing approaches using various deep models on different datasets

Evaluation of C-Reactive Protein (CRP) in neonatal sepsis in Comparison with Cellular and Clinical parameters

STUDY BACK GROUND: Neonatal sepsis is a serious life threatening condition and major cause of neonatal mortality and morbidity in developing countries like India. So early diagnosis and treatment is very essential for good out come. Blood culture is the gold standard diagnosis but it is not available in all the peripheral centres, the cost of the test is also high and results are also not available in early period. Blood culture is often negative in many of the neonates in whom clinical signs and symptoms of sepsis is present. Many investigators have evaluated new markers like cytokines, cell surface antigens, procalcitonin for rapid diagnosis of sepsis, but their use in routine practice will be limited by lack of resources in rural areas and high cost which are impractical for the developing countries. Because of these limitations, quick convenient, affordable, cost effective laboratory method along with clinical parameters is required to evaluate neonatal sepsis. AIM OF THE STUDY: This study is aimed to evaluate CRP and cellular parameters (WBC count, Absolute Neutrophil Count(A.N.C),Immature Granulocyte and total neutrophil ratio (I/T Ratio, platelet counts) along with clinical parameters to diagnose the neonatal sepsis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross sectional study included 148 neonates admitted to Neonatal Intensive Care Unit with risk of sepsis during the period of February-July, 2017 according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Detailed history and clinical findings of each neonate was recorded in the study proforma (Neonatal Case Record Sheet). Then following tests were done. CRP(CRP1&2), White Blood Cell Count ,Absolute Neutrophil Count (ANC),Immature Granulocyte/Total neutrophil ratio (I/T Ratio,) Platelet count and Blood culture. Based on blood culture results, neonates were divided into two groups 1. Culture positive sepsis (proven sepsis) - culture positive results plus 2 or more risk factors of sepsis. 2. Culture negative sepsis (probable sepsis) –Culture negative results plus 2 or more risk factors of sepsis. Sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV of each parameter was compared with gold standard test (blood culture). Biochemical parameters CRP 1, CRP 2 and cellular parameters were compared with culture proven and probable sepsis along with clinical parameters. RESULTS: CRP2 has highest sensitivity 96% and NPV 95%, next to this CRP1 has 83% sensitivity and NPV 82.3%. I/T has highest specificity 94.73%, and PPV 54.5% CONCLUSION: CRP measurement after 48 hours enhance the sensitivity and NPV. I/T ratio is a most specific marker that can be used in early diagnosis of neonatal sepsis along with CRP. Elevated CRP along with clinical signs of poor feeding, lethargy .temperature instability, low Apgar score should be considered promptly for early treatment to reduce neonatal mortality and morbidity

Effectiveness of structured teaching programme on knowledge about postnatal care among mothers

Background: Mothers and new-borns are vulnerable to illness and deaths during the postnatal period. Care during postnatal period is the important part of maternal health care as the serious and life-threatening complications can occur in postnatal period.Methods: A Quantitative approach with pre- experimental design was used to study the effectiveness of STP on postnatal care. Sixty postnatal mothers were selected from tertiary care hospital. The Purposive sampling techniques was used to select the study subjects. Data was collected by using Structured Knowledge questionnaire.Results: The results show that the overall mean pre-test knowledge score of postnatal mothers was 19.8±2.98 and mean post-test knowledge score of postnatal mothers was 26.28±1.89 and the mean difference was 6.48. This revealed that the STP was an effective method in improving mother’s knowledge on postnatal care. There was no significant association found between pre-test knowledge score with their demographic variables except occupation.Conclusions: The findings of the study revealed that STP was effective in enhancing the knowledge of postnatal mothers on postnatal care

Structured teaching programme on knowledge about polycystic ovarian syndrome among adolescent girls

Background: Polycystic ovarian syndrome is a common female endocrine disorder affecting 4 – 18% of women in their reproductive age. It is common in adolescent girls. Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome affects throughout the life and produce gynaecological and metabolic health problems. The aim of this study to create the awareness about the polycystic ovarian syndrome to the adolescent girls.Methods: A Quantitative approach with pre- experimental design was used to study the effectiveness of STP on Poly Cystic Ovarian Syndrome. Ninety-four adolescent girls aged between 15 – 18 years were conveniently selected. Data was collected by using Structured Knowledge questionnaire.Results: The mean post-test knowledge score (22.55± 3.57) was higher than that of mean pre-test mean knowledge score (11.13± 3.32) and the mean difference was11.42. The ‘t’ calculated value was 23.45 which is higher than the tabulated value of 1.98 (df 93 at p< 0.05). Therefore, research hypothesis was accepted. So, it can be interpreting that structured teaching programme is effective in improving the knowledge of adolescent girls.Conclusions: The findings of the study revealed that STP was effective in enhancing the knowledge of adolescent girls on PCOS. Hence the study concluded that structured teaching programme had a great potentiality to increase the awareness on PCOS

COMPARATIVE STUDY OF ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY ON FRESH AND DRIED Zingiber officinale Rosc

The present study to investigate the antimicrobial activity, from rhizome fresh and dried Zingiber officinale Rosc. In the present study to observe the antibacterial activity using the microorganisms such as E. coli, Staphylococcus aureus, K. pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeroginosa were studied by using disc diffusion method. The maximum zone of inhibition were observed in K. pneumoniae (25 mm), followed by Staphylococcus aureus (24 mm), Pseudomonas aeroginosa and E. coli each showed 22 mm. The antifungal activity carried out by using the microorganisms Aspergillus flavus, A. terreus, Penicillum sp and Fusarium sp were studied by using agar well diffusion method. The maximum zone of inhibition were observed at the concentration of 100 µg of fresh sample against Fusarium sp (14 mm) followed by A. flavus (12 mm), A. terreus (10 mm) and Penicillum sp (10 mm). &nbsp

Effectiveness of clinical pathway for mothers with caesarean section upon the knowledge and practice of nurses and maternal outcome.

A Quasi Experimental Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Clinical Pathway for Mothers with Caesarean Section upon the Knowledge and Practice of Nurses and Maternal Outcome at Apollo First Med Hospital, Chennai. OBJECTIVES: 1. To assess the pre and post test level of knowledge and practice of nurses regarding clinical pathway for mothers with caesarean section. 2. To evaluate the effectiveness of clinical pathway for mothers with caesarean section upon the knowledge and practice of nurses. 3. To assess and compare the maternal outcome in control and experimental group regarding clinical pathway for mothers with caesarean section. 4. To determine the level of satisfaction upon the nursing care in the control and experimental group of mothers with caesarean section. 5. To determine the association between the selected demographic variables of nurses with their pre and post test level of knowledge regarding clinical pathway for mothers with caesarean section. 6. To determine the association between the selected demographic variables with level of satisfaction and maternal outcome in control and experimental groups of mothers with caesarean section. 7. To determine the association between the selected obstetrical variables with level of satisfaction and maternal outcome in control and experimental groups of mothers with caesarean section. The conceptual framework was made based on “King’s Goal Attainment Model” (1981). Null hypothesis was formulated. An extensive review of literature was made based on the opinions of the experts. A quasi experimental study of one group pre-test and post-test design was used. The study included 40 nurses and 60 mothers with caesarean section who were selected by purposive sampling out of which 30 were in the Control group and 30 were in the Experimental group. The study was conducted at Apollo First Med Hospital, Chennai. Demographic variable Proforma for nurses, demographic variable proforma for mothers with caesarean section, obstetric variable proforma for mothers with caesarean section, structured knowledge questionnaire, practice checklist, rating scale to assess the level of satisfaction and rating scale for maternal outcome for mothers with caesarean section were the various tools used by the researcher. The validity was obtained from various experts and reliability was obtained through inter rater evaluation and found to be highly reliable. After pilot study the data for the main study was collected. Structured knowledge questionnaire and practice check list was used for the nurses. The rating scale for level of satisfaction and maternal outcome were used for mothers with caesarean section. Pre test structured knowledge questionnaire regarding clinical pathway for mothers with caesarean section was administered to the nurses and observed the level of existing nursing practice through checklist. Assessed the maternal outcome for mothers with caesarean section through checklist and their level of satisfaction with existing nursing practice through rating scale in control group. Then clinical pathway was implemented. After 7 days post test structured knowledge questionnaire was administered to the same nurses and nursing practice was observed through checklist and the maternal outcome and their level of satisfaction of mother with caesarean section was assessed through rating scale among experimental group. The data obtained were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. MAJOR FINDINGS OF THE STUDY: ❖ Majority of the nurses belongs to 21-25 years of age (82.5%) and single (82.5%) and most of them are residing in the hostel (67.5%). The educational status of the study participants reveal that most of the nurses belongs to Diploma in nursing (55%) and were 0-2 years of experience (60%) and the distribution of income shows that most of them had Rs.5001-7000 per month. Most of the nurses had no previous information regarding clinical pathways (60%) and about (40%) of nurses acquired previous information through books. ❖ Most of the mothers in the control group and experimental group were > 30 years of age (50%, 46.7%), hindu (56.7%, 60%), graduates (53.3%, 63.3%), married at the age of 24-27 years and home makers (50%, 53.3%). Majority of them were living in nuclear family (73.3%, 83.3) with the family income between 50,001-70,000 (60%, 63.3%) per month respectively. ❖ Most of the mothers in control group and experimental group were in gestational age of 39 – 40 weeks (73.3%, 50%), Primigravida (63.3%, 56.6%) and had maternal indication for caesarean section (40%, 46.7%) and majority of the mothers had 5 days of stay in the hospital (83.3%, 86.7%). All the mothers have attended more than five antenatal visit (100%) and none of them developed any complication in both in control and experimental group (100%) respectively. ❖ Most of the nurses had moderate knowledge in the pre test (55%) where as in the post test most of them had gained adequate knowledge (77.5%). ❖ Majority of the nursing practice in control group in day 1 is partially compliant (96.6%), day 2 is compliant (100%),day 3 is partially compliant (100%), day 4 is partially compliant (100%), day 5 is partially compliant (60%) whereas all the practice of nurses in experimental group were compliant(100%) in all 5 days respectively. ❖ Most of the mothers were highly satisfied (56%) in control group and majority of the mothers were highly satisfied (90%) in the experimental group and none of them reported low satisfaction. Majority of the mothers in the control group and experimental group develop no complications and had positive outcome (100%) respectively. ❖ The mean and standard deviation of level of knowledge of nurses were low in pre test (M=14.1, SD=3.32) when compared to post test M =20.6 , SD =2.58). There was an improvement in the level of knowledge (M = 6.4 , SD = 0.74). This was statistically proven at p<0.001 level of confidence and it shows the effectiveness of clinical pathway upon the knowledge of nurses for mothers with caesarean section. Hence the null hypothesis H01 was rejected. ❖ The mean and standard deviation of knowledge on various aspects was low in pre test when compared to post test . This show that the knowledge of nurses has improved after implementation of clinical pathway(M= 1.8, SD=0.97; M=3.9, SD=0.93), environment, nutrition, elimination and hygiene (M=3.5, SD=1.09; M=4.5, SD=0.74), Mobility, Position, Rest and Sleep, comfort, (M=2.6, SD= 1.21 ; M=3.8,SD = 0.87) and in breast feeding, health education and new born care (M=2.5, SD=1.24; M=4, SD=0.87). The difference was statistically proved p<0.001 level of confidence and it was attributed that the effectiveness of clinical pathway upon the knowledge of nurses in various aspects of care. ❖ The mean and standard deviation of the practice of nurses in control group were less compared to the experimental group of mothers with caesarean section. This shows the practice of the nurses in control and experimental group at day 1(M=85.2, SD=3.59; M = 113.5, SD =1.76), day 2( M=93.7, SD=2.66; M = 113, SD = 2.32), day 3 (M=57.8, SD=5.08; M =75.6, SD = 3.98), day 4 : (M= 49.5 , SD= 3.83; M =71.6, SD= 2.82), day 5 (M = 42.5, SD = 3.89; M= 55.7, SD=0.43). The difference was statistically proved at p<0.001 level of confidence and it was attributed that the practice of nurses in experimental group of mothers with caesarean section was effective. Hence the null hypothesis Ho1 was rejected. ❖ The mean and standard deviation of practice in component wise is higher in the experimental group compared to control group. The result were statistically significant at p<0.001 level of confidence and it shows the effectiveness of clinical pathway upon the practice of nurses for mothers with caesarean section. Hence the null hypothesis Ho1 was rejected. ❖ The mean and standard deviation of level of satisfaction of mothers with caesarean section in the control group (M=62.9, SD= 5.01) is low when compared to the experimental group (M=69.9, SD=5.99). The difference was statistically proved at p<0.001 level of confidence and it shows that effectiveness of clinical pathway upon the level of satisfaction of mothers with caesarean section. Hence the null hypothesis Ho2 was rejected. ❖ The mean and standard deviation of level of satisfaction in various component is low in control group when compared to the experimental group. The level of confidence was and the level of satisfaction was improved. This shows that effectiveness of clinical pathway for mothers with caesarean section. Hence the null hypothesis Ho2 was rejected. ❖ The mean and standard deviation of the maternal outcome of mothers with caesarean section in the control group (M=3.26, SD= 3.55) is high when compared to experimental group (M=0.93, SD=1.43). The result were statistically significant at p<0.001 level of confidence and it shows that effectiveness of clinical pathway upon the maternal outcome for mothers with caesarean section. Hence the null hypothesis Ho2 was rejected. ❖ There was no association between the age, religion, educational qualification, type of residence, years of experience, marital status, income per month with the level of knowledge for the nurses in the pre- test and post test. It has proven that there is no association between the selected demographic variables and level of knowledge. Hence the null hypothesis Ho3 was retained. ❖ There was no significant association was found between selected demographic variable with the level of satisfaction and maternal outcome in the control group and experimental group of mothers with caesarean section. Hence the null hypothesis Ho4 was retained. ❖ There was no significant association was found between selected obstetric variable with the level of satisfaction and maternal outcome in the control group and experimental group of mothers with caesarean section. Hence the null hypothesis Ho5 was retained. RECOMMENDATIONS: 1. The same study can be conducted with larger samples to generalize the results. 2. A comparative study can be conducted between the primi and multigravidae. 3. A comparative study can be done in two different settings with similar facilities. 4. A similar study can be conducted for clinical pathway in other obstetric and gynecological conditions to evaluate best practice of nurses. CONCLUSION: This study shows that effectiveness of clinical pathway for mothers with caesarean section. The researcher found that there is increase in knowledge after post test among the nurses with practice of clinical pathway checklist. Among the mothers with caesarean section in the control and experimental group, the level of satisfaction and maternal outcome differs with slight significant differences. Finally the researcher reveals that the clinical pathway is very effective for practicing the nursing care activities. The excavator results supported that the incorporation of clinical pathway in nursing care for mother with caesarean section is the best way of providing care

A comparative study to assess the effectiveness of kadukkai and luke warm water wash on abnormal vaginal discharge among reproductive age women residing at Samayanallur, Madurai.

Women are the nucleus of the society. 19 % of total population constitutes, 15-45 years of women in the child bearing age group. The focus now is to provide holistic health care that values women’s participation and cooperation, health care experience, in which the women is the true owner and caretaker of her body. Indian System of Medicine can play a vital role in achieving in objectives of Reproductive Child Health Programme implemented by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare. Therapies’s suggested by Indian System of Medicine are safe tolerable and with no or minimum side effects women continue to suffer from common reproductive tract infections. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY 1. To assess the abnormal vaginal discharge among reproductive age women. 2. To evaluate the effectiveness of kadukkai water on abnormal vaginal discharge among reproductive age women. 3. To evaluate the effectiveness of lukewarm water on abnormal vaginal discharge 4. To assess the effectiveness of kadukkai and lukewarm water wash of pre and post test of on abnormal vaginal discharge among reproductive age women. 5. To compare the effectiveness of kadukkai water and Luke warm water wash on abnormal vaginal discharge among reproductive age women. 6. To associate the abnormal vaginal discharge among reproductive age women in the experimental group with selected demographic variables. viii METHODOLOGY Research Design is selected for true experimental study design.The Investigator selected approach for this study is quantitative research approach was taken as it is appropriate to accomplish this ability of this study. The conceptual framework of the study was based on modified Wiedenbach’s Clinical Nursing theory. This study was made use of the true experimental study design. Systematic random sampling technique was used to select this samples. This study was conducted at Samayanallur, Madurai for both experimental groups, in different street. The tool used for data collection was structure questionnaire. The study was conducted with 30 samples as experimental group for “Kadukkai Water Wash” and 30 samples as lukewarm Water Wash group for a period of four weeks. A pilot study was conducted to find out the feasibility of the study. FINDINGS The significant findings was assessed by using split half and test retest method. Correlation coefficient value of reliability is 0.81. The study results are shown that pre and post test assessment level of burning sensation, Vaginal itching, Low back pain is improved which is significant χ2=46.6 P=0.001***DF=3 significant, hydrogen ion concentration is χ2=52. 5P=0.001***DF=2 which is significant. Kadukkai water t=27.51, Significant, Luke warm water t=8.84 post test effectiveness t=7.76. Significant Mean score effectiveness of kadukkai water is 57.9%, and Luke warm water wash is 31.4% wash. The effectiveness of kadukkai water is 26.5%.is better than the lukewarm water wash. CONCLUSION By these interventions, we can provide the relevant information on the subject and clearing up the misconceptions the rural and urban community can understand locally available kadukkai water wash on abnormal vaginal discharge among reproductive age women is the best possible treatment optio