116 research outputs found
Contractual Responsibility for the Disclosure of Bank Secrets
In Russia the existing measures of civil liability for disclosure of bank secrecy contribute to the prevention of non-fulfillment of obligations and the restoration of the situation of credit institutions only to a small extent. Thus, the Civil Code of the Russian Federation grants the creditor the right to recover damages. However, it is practically impossible to prove the size of the real damage and loss of profit, as well as the causal relationship between the disclosure of secrecy and losses in fact.
The authors discuss the issue of the possibility of introducing legal design of liquidated damages into domestic civil law, which, in their opinion, can minimize the risk of disclosure of information constituting bank secrecy. This is confirmed by the successful experience of applying the design abroad.
The article contains an assessment of the possibility of applying liquidated damages to ensure the safety of banking organizations in modern Russian conditions
Intensive Care Outcomes and Differences Between Survivors and Deceased Patients in a Terminal Coma: A Retrospective Observational Study
Background. Early prognosis for the outcome of a coma-induced critical condition is central to selecting an optimal tactic for patient management. This question remains insufficiently studied, thus justifying the task of identifying significant criteria for differences in terminal coma patients (stage III, irreversible) who died and those recovered to different levels of consciousness.Objectives. To analyze the intensive care outcomes for patients in a terminal coma and to establish differences between the initial state of patients who have died and those who have recovered to different levels of consciousness.Methods. A retrospective observational study was conducted on 210 patients aged 21 to 65 hospitalized in the Anesthesiology and Resuscitation Unit of Ochapovsky Regional Clinical Hospital No. 1 (Krasnodarsky Krai) with a diagnosis of terminal coma in the period from 2010 to 2015. The study did not include patients with pregnancy, histologically-confirmed malignancies, cardiovascular diseases (NYHA classes III-IV, according to the New York Heart Association Functional Classification), terminal liver cirrhosis and chronic kidney disease at the stage of hemodialysis. Depending on the critical condition outcome, the admitted patients were divided into groups: group 1 (n = 101) β patients with adverse outcomes; group 2 (n = 109) β patients with relatively favorable outcomes (recovery to a level of consciousness at score 4 and higher, according to The Glasgow Coma Scale). The condition was assessed with referring to available clinical data. Statistical processing of the obtained study results was carried out via nonparametric techniques using Microsoft Excel 10 (Microsoft, USA) and Statistica 6.0 (StatSoft, USA).Results. The mortality structure against the background of a terminal coma in the following diagnosis: polytrauma β 54%, hemorrhagic stroke β 56%, isolated traumatic brain injury β 37%, acute cerebrovascular accidents (ischemic type) β 33% and acute posthypoxic dyscirculatory encephalopathy β 11%. Intergroup differences between the deceased and survivors were obtained in the following parameters: age (older with unfavorable outcome); base deficit β by 52%; glucose β by 47.6%; troponin β by 47.1%; potassium β by 13.7% and daily diuresis β by 27.5%.Conclusion. The obtained results are likely to be used in a combination of clinical, instrumental and laboratory examinations in order to provide early detection of the risk group with an adverse outcome
Π―Π·ΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΆΠ°Π½ΡΠ° Π»Π΅Π³Π΅Π½Π΄ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Ρ ΡΠ΅Ρ Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π»ΠΈΠ½Π³Π° Π² ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ»Π°ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΌ Π΄ΠΈΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ΅
Modern world life dictates its own rules and procedures also with respect to advertising. But how is it possible to attract attention of a potential buyer, to maximally interest him in products or services? The answer is pretty simple. Peopleβs purchases base on their inner convictions and preferences, which, in turn, are generated by information received from outside. Organizations involved in the production and provision of services have long understood this pattern. This is what can justify the emergence of such a linguistic phenomenon as Β«storytellingΒ». Research experts and experience in the field of advertising proved effectiveness of its application. It should be noted that the storytelling technology is based on the legend genre. In other words, in order for potential buyers to have an interest in relation to the consumption of a certain type of product or service, they should be as interested as possible by presenting relevant information. The legend used for this is nothing more than a narration about a product or service in a somewhat embellished form, aimed at influencing the target audience. In order for the legend, as the basis of the storytelling technology in advertising, to succeed, it is necessary that it meets certain language requirements. It should be emotional, bright, rich, etc. Urgency of the problem associated with the study of topics, voiced in the subject of the article, is justified by topicality of the studied issue, its influence on the life of society.La vida del mundo moderno dicta sus propias reglas y procedimientos tambiΓ©n con respecto a la publicidad. Pero, ΒΏcΓ³mo es posible atraer la atenciΓ³n de un comprador potencial para que le interese al mΓ‘ximo en productos o servicios? La respuesta es bastante simple. Las compras de personas se basan en sus convicciones y preferencias internas, que, a su vez, son generadas por la informaciΓ³n recibida del exterior. Las organizaciones involucradas en la producciΓ³n y provisiΓ³n de servicios han entendido por mucho tiempo este patrΓ³n. Esto es lo que puede justificar la apariciΓ³n de un fenΓ³meno tan lingΓΌΓstico como la Β«narraciΓ³n de historiasΒ». Los expertos en investigaciΓ³n y la experiencia en el campo de la publicidad proporcionan la efectividad de su aplicaciΓ³n. Cabe seΓ±alar que la tecnologΓa de narraciΓ³n se basa en el gΓ©nero de leyenda. En otras palabras, para que los compradores potenciales tengan interΓ©s en relaciΓ³n con el consumo de un determinado tipo de producto o servicio, deben estar lo mΓ‘s interesados posible al presentar la informaciΓ³n relevante. La leyenda utilizada para esto no es mΓ‘s que una narraciΓ³n sobre un producto o servicio en una forma un tanto embellecida, dirigida a influir en el pΓΊblico objetivo. Para que la leyenda, como la base de la tecnologΓa de narraciΓ³n en publicidad, tenga Γ©xito, es necesario que cumpla con ciertos requisitos lingΓΌΓsticos. Debe ser emocional, brillante, rico, etc. La urgencia del problema asociado al estudio de temas, expresado en el tema del artΓculo, justificado por la actualidad del tema estudiado, su influencia en la vida de la sociedad.Π‘ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½Π°Ρ ΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½Ρ Π΄ΠΈΠΊΡΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»Π° ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΡ ΠΈ Π² ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ»Π°ΠΌΡ. ΠΠΎ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π»Π΅ΡΡ Π²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΠΏΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ, ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π·Π°ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΡΠ»ΡΠ³Π°ΠΌΠΈ? ΠΡΠ²Π΅Ρ Π΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡ. ΠΠΎΠΊΡΠΏΠΊΠΈ Π»ΡΠ΄Π΅ΠΉ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΈΡ
Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ±Π΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ
, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅, Π² ΡΠ²ΠΎΡ ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄Ρ, ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ, ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ·Π²Π½Π΅. ΠΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ, Π·Π°Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈ ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΡΠ»ΡΠ³, Π΄Π°Π²Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ½ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΡΡΡ Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ. ΠΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΡΡΠΈΠΌ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π»ΠΈΠ½Π³Π²ΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π°, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Β«ΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π»ΠΈΠ½Π³Β». ΠΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡΡ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ Π² ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ»Π°ΠΌΡ Π΄ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»ΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π΅Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ. Π‘Π»Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π° Π½Π° ΠΆΠ°Π½ΡΠ΅ Π»Π΅Π³Π΅Π½Π΄Ρ. ΠΡΡΠ³ΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π°ΠΌΠΈ, Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΠΏΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π»ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Ρ Π² ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΡΠ»ΡΠ³ΠΈ, ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½Ρ Π±ΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π·Π°ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ Π² ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ. ΠΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°Ρ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π»Π΅Π³Π΅Π½Π΄Π°-Π½Π΅ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΡΠ»ΡΠ³Π΅ Π² Π½Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅, Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ Π½Π° Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π° ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π²ΡΡ Π°ΡΠ΄ΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΈΡ. ΠΠ»Ρ ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠΎΠ±Ρ Π»Π΅Π³Π΅Π½Π΄Π°, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π° ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ»Π°ΠΌΠ΅, ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π»Π° ΡΡΠΏΠ΅Ρ
, Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΎΠ½Π° ΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ°Π»Π° ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΡΠ·ΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΠΌ ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠΌ. ΠΠ½ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½ΠΎ Π±ΡΡΡ ΡΠΌΠΎΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ, ΡΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ, Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΈ Ρ. Π΄. ΠΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΡ, ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠ΅ΠΌ, ΠΎΠ·Π²ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π² ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈ, ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π°ΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ°, Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π½Π° ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½Ρ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π°
ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ Π€Π£ΠΠΠ¦ΠΠ Π―ΠΠ«ΠΠ Π Π‘ΠΠΠ ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ‘Π’ΠΠ§ΠΠ‘ΠΠΠ ΠΠΠ ΠΠΠΠΠΠ: ΠΠΠΠ―ΠΠΠ ΠΠΠ Π’Π£ΠΠΠ¬ΠΠΠΠ ΠΠΠ‘ΠΠ£Π Π‘Π
The modern linguistic paradigm in its conceptual and epistemological content represents a multi-subject system of directions united by a single methodological dominant of anthropocentrism. The priority of the anthropocentric projection in the description of the natural human language is due to the dialectic process of accumulation of linguistic knowledge, which predetermined a qualitatively new understanding of the ontology of the object under study. The principle of anthropocentrism determines the broad explanatory capabilities of modern linguistics in establishing constant units and categories mediated by the gnoseological unity of language and human. The study of the perception of verbal texts takes place within the framework of individual linguistic disciplines: text linguistics, grammar, stylistics, and psycholinguistics. However, most studies of speech messages are conducted in the context of the idealization of the object, that is, isolation from the specific situation in which the speech message is perceived. If we consider the actual functioning of a speech message, then almost always there will be a phenomenon of creolization of the verbal text. In reality, voice communication is a creolized text representing a fusion of verbal text and non-linguistic means, which include the extra-linguistic situation and paralinguistic means of oral and written speech.El paradigma lingΓΌΓstico moderno en su contenido conceptual y epistemolΓ³gico representa un sistema de direcciones de mΓΊltiples sujetos unidos por un ΓΊnico mΓ©todo metodolΓ³gico dominante del antropocentrismo. La prioridad de la proyecciΓ³n antropocΓ©ntrica en la descripciΓ³n del lenguaje humano natural se debe al proceso dialΓ©ctico de acumulaciΓ³n de conocimiento lingΓΌΓstico, que predeterminΓ³ una comprensiΓ³n cualitativamente nueva de la ontologΓa del objeto en estudio. El principio del antropocentrismo determina las amplias capacidades explicativas de la lingΓΌΓstica moderna para establecer unidades y categorΓas constantes mediadas por la unidad gnoseolΓ³gica del lenguaje y el ser humano. El estudio de la percepciΓ³n de los textos verbales se lleva a cabo dentro del marco de las disciplinas lingΓΌΓsticas individuales: lingΓΌΓstica del texto, gramΓ‘tica, estilΓstica y psicolingΓΌΓstica. Sin embargo, la mayorΓa de los estudios de mensajes de voz se realizan en el contexto de la idealizaciΓ³n del objeto, es decir, el aislamiento de la situaciΓ³n especΓfica en la que se percibe el mensaje de voz. Si consideramos el funcionamiento real de un mensaje de voz, casi siempre habrΓ‘ un fenΓ³meno de creolizaciΓ³n del texto verbal. En realidad, la comunicaciΓ³n de voz es un texto creolizado que representa una fusiΓ³n de texto verbal y medios no lingΓΌΓsticos, que incluyen la situaciΓ³n extralingΓΌΓstica y los medios paralingΓΌΓsticos del habla oral y escrita.Π‘ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½Π°Ρ Π»ΠΈΠ½Π³Π²ΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠ³ΠΌΠ° Π² ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈ ΡΠΏΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΡΡΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ, ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠΎΠΉ Π°Π½ΡΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ°. ΠΡΠΈΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Ρ Π°Π½ΡΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ Π² ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ·ΡΠΊΠ° ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠΌ Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π»ΠΈΠ½Π³Π²ΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π·Π½Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ, ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΠ²ΡΠΈΠΌ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΠ½ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ°. ΠΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΠΏ Π°Π½ΡΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ° ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π»ΠΈΠ½Π³Π²ΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π² ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½Π½ΡΡ
Π΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎΡΠΈΠΉ, ΠΎΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π³Π½ΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ Π΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ·ΡΠΊΠ° ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ°.
ΠΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΡΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡ Π²Π΅ΡΠ±Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ Π² ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΊΠ°Ρ
ΠΎΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π»ΠΈΠ½Π³Π²ΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π΄ΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ½: Π»ΠΈΠ½Π³Π²ΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠ°, Π³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ, ΡΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ, ΠΏΡΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ½Π³Π²ΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ. ΠΠ΄Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π²ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡ Π² ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ°, ΡΠΎ Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ, Π² ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΉ Π²ΠΎΡΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. ΠΡΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΡΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π²ΡΠ΅Π³Π΄Π° Π±ΡΠ΄Π΅Ρ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΡΠ΅ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π²Π΅ΡΠ±Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠ°. Π Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π²Π°Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΡΠ΅ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡ, ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΏΠ»Π°Π² Π²Π΅ΡΠ±Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠ° ΠΈ Π½Π΅ΡΠ·ΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ², ΠΊ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΌ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΡΡ ΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ½Π³Π²ΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ½Π³Π²ΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²Π° ΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΈΡΡΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈ
ΠΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π°ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π° Π² Π Π΅ΡΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ΅ ΠΠ΅Π»Π°ΡΡΡΡ
Digitalization, or digital transformation, is an innovative approach to solving the key task of agricultural production in the Republic of Belarus β increasing / maintaining the profitability of crop production. Digitalization makes it possible to bring crop production to a new level of development, providing a fundamental restructuring of the decision-making and implementation of agro-technological operations, reducing risks and expanding possibilities of sustainable and efficient crop production. Efficiency of digitalization of crop production is considered in relation to certain aspects of an average agricultural organization in the Republic of Belarus. The following main interrelated areas of digitalization in crop production have been identified: soil-and-agrochemical analysis, precision arable farming, prediction of the diseases and pests of crops. Due to significant growth of energy prices nowadays (basic elements in the formation of the final cost of crop production), efficiency of digitalization was assessed not directly in terms of value, but in reducing the costs of growing products and in saved crops. The greatest effect, according to the results of the assessment, is expected from such areas of digitalization as soiland-agrochemical analysis, as well as prediction of the diseases and pests of agricultural crops. The results of soil-and-agrochemical analysis can be used to improve the soil fertility β a vital condition for long-term increase of crop yields. Prediction of the diseases and pests of crops is one of the main elements of comprehensive protection of crops β a large reserve for increasing crop production. At the same time, despite the positive aspect of digitalization in agricultural branch of the Republic of Belarus, it is rather a labor-intensive process together with the high cost of necessary equipment and software, as well as the use complexity.Π¦ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡ, ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡ, ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ Π·Π°Π΄Π°ΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΊΠΎΡ
ΠΎΠ·ΡΠΉΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π° Π Π΅ΡΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΠ΅Π»Π°ΡΡΡΡ β ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ/ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π±Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π°. Π¦ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ΅Ρ Π²ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ Π½Π° Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΉ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ, ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°Ρ ΡΡΠ½Π΄Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΠΊΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠΈΡ ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π°Π³ΡΠΎΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΉ, ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ°Ρ ΡΠΈΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π°. Π Π°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½Π° ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΊ ΠΎΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ Π°ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ°ΠΌ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ·ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π Π΅ΡΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΠ΅Π»Π°ΡΡΡΡ. ΠΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π°: ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ-Π°Π³ΡΠΎΡ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·, ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ Π·Π΅ΠΌΠ»Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΠ΅, ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½Π΅ΠΉ ΠΈ Π²ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ·ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡ. Π ΡΠ²ΡΠ·ΠΈ ΡΠΎ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΌ Π² Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΡΠ΅Π½ Π½Π° ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΡΡ (Π±Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠΎΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π°) ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ²Π°Π»Π°ΡΡ Π½Π΅ Π² ΡΡΠΎΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ Π²ΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ, Π° Π² ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΠ·Π΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ΅ΠΊ Π½Π° Π²ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΈ Π² ΡΠΎΡ
ΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΠΎΠΆΠ°Π΅. ΠΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡ ΠΎΠΆΠΈΠ΄Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΎΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΡ
Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ-Π°Π³ΡΠΎΡ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½Π΅ΠΉ ΠΈ Π²ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ·ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡ. Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ-Π°Π³ΡΠΎΡ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ Π±ΡΡΡ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ² β Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠΎΠΆΠ°ΠΉΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ·ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡ Π² Π΄ΠΎΠ»Π³ΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π΅. ΠΡΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½Π΅ΠΉ ΠΈ Π²ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ·ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΈΠ· ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π·Π°ΡΠΈΡΡ β Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΌ ΡΠ΅Π·Π΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π°. ΠΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ Ρ ΡΠ΅ΠΌ, Π½Π΅ΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΊΠΎΡ
ΠΎΠ·ΡΠΉΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠ»ΠΈ Π Π΅ΡΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΠ΅Π»Π°ΡΡΡΡ, ΠΎΠ½Π° ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ΅ΠΌΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠΌ Π² ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΊΡΠΏΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Ρ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠΎΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡΡ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΠΈΡ
ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ
- β¦