Educational and research work of students: formation of professional competence of the specialty «Medical and preventative care»

The article deals with the organization of teaching and research work of students at the Medical University with the purpose of formation of professional competence of future specialistsРассматривается организация учебно-исследовательской работы студентов в медицинском университете с целью формирования профессиональных компетенций будущих специалисто

Improving the Competitiveness of Large Industrial Structures as the Basis Of Ensuring Economic Security of the State

The leading role of the competitive ability of large industrial complexes in the formation of the results of work of a national economy and ensuring the economic security of Russia is shown. Modern approaches to assessing the competitive ability of enterprises and production complexes are analyzed; their main advantages and disadvantages are shown. Methodological tools for assessing the comparative competitiveness of a production complex in comparison with the leading competitors are proposed. The toolkit is based on the determination of the position of the production complex in the current competitive environment and ae strategy for its further development; the composition of indicators for evaluation in relation to large metallurgical complexes is formed. As a practical application case, a comparative analysis of the competitiveness of domestic production complexes of non-ferrous metallurgy and leading foreign rivals is carried out. At the same time, the Ural Mining and Metallurgical Company (UMMC) was considered as the central subject of research. On the basis of the obtained results, directions and ways of increasing the competitiveness of the UMMC group are proposed. A forecast assessment of the UMMC’s competitive ability indicators was carried out, which allows one to assess the effectiveness of the proposed directions and paths. Whether the forecast values of the competitiveness indicators are reached depends on project programs of industrial development of UMMC enterprises in combination with the use of economic and statistical modeling. In general, the results obtained allow us to conclude that the proposed approach has a universal nature and offers a wide range of applications in tasks associated with increasing the competitiveness of domestic production complexes and strengthening the economic security of the country.Показана ведущая роль конкурентоспособности крупных производственных комплексов в формировании результатов работы национальной экономики и обеспечении экономической безопасности России. Проанализированы современные подходы к оценке конкурентоспособности предприятий и производственных комплексов; показаны их основные достоинства и недостатки. Предложен методический инструментарий оценки сравнительной конкурентоспособности производственного комплекса в сравнении с ведущими конкурентами, в основе которого лежит определение положения производственного комплекса в текущей конкурентной среде и стратегии его дальнейшего развития; сформирован состав показателей для проведения оценки применительно к крупным металлургическим комплексам. В качестве практической апробации выполнен сравнительный анализ конкурентоспособности отечественных производственных комплексов цветной металлургии и ведущих зарубежных компаний-конкурентов. При этом в качестве центрального объекта исследования рассматривалась Уральская горно-металлургическая компания. На основании полученных результатов предложены направления и пути повышения конкурентоспособности группы предприятий УГМК. Выполнена прогнозная оценка показателей конкурентоспособности УГМК, позволяющая оценить результативность предложенных направлений и путей. В основу получения прогнозных показателей конкурентоспособности были положены проектные программы производственного развития предприятий УГМК в сочетании с использованием экономико-статистического моделирования. В целом полученные результаты позволяют заключить, что предлагаемый подход имеет универсальный характер и предполагает широкие возможности применения в задачах, связанных с повышением конкурентоспособности отечественных производственных комплексов и укрепления экономической безопасности страны

Child injuries in a modern city

In a large industrial city, an analysis of children’s injuries was carried out from 2010 to 2016. The negative dynamics of the increase in the number of injuries has been established, with an annual growth rate of 3.5%. In the structure, the largest share was domestic and street injuries, respectively 43.4 and 39.0%. The most severe traumatic injuries took place in the victims of the accident, a third of which (30%) needed to be hospitalized. For a more complete account of injuries and investigation of circumstances, their official registration in the “Center of Hygiene and Epidemiology” is necessary. Another direction is the adjustment of educational programs.В крупном промышленном городе проведен анализ детского травматизма с 2010-го по 2016 год. Установлена негативная динамика увеличения количества травм, с ежегодным темпом прироста в 3,5%. В структуре наибольшую долю составляли бытовая и уличная травмы, соответственно 43,4 и 39,0%. Наиболее тяжелые травматические повреждения имели место у пострадавших в ДТП, треть из них (30%) нуждались в госпитализации и лечении в стационаре. Для более полного учета травм и расследования обстоятельств необходима их официальная регистрация в «ЦГиЭ». Другое направление профилактики — корректировка образовательных программ по БЖД

Epidemiological, medical and social characteristics of tuberculosis infection in modern conditions and features of the formation of family and apartment centers

The article presents an analysis of the incidence of tuberculosis in one of the major administrative districts of Yekaterinburg. For the period from 2009 to 2018. the characteristic of the epidemic process of tuberculosis infection is given. Foci with multiple cases of tuberculosis were identified and analyzed. The risk of infection spread was assessed taking into account the severity of the focus and the characteristics of the first disease.В статье представлен анализ заболеваемости туберкулёзом в одном из крупных административных районов г. Екатеринбурга. За период с 2009 по 2018гг. дана характеристика эпидемического процесса туберкулезной инфекции. Выявлены и проанализированы очаги с множественными случаями туберкулеза. Проведена оценка риска распространения инфекции с учетом степени отягощённости очага и характеристики первого заболевшего

Epidemiological aspects infectious-inflammatory diseases of the postpartum period and criteria in risk assessment

The structure of nosocomial infections in Yekaterinburg maternity hospitals from 2006 to 2015 is presented. It was found that in the structure of nosocomial infections of maternity hospitals the largest proportion was made up of endometritis. The frequency of endometritis depended on the tactics of delivery. Risk factors, timing of the debut in childbirth through the natural birth canal and operational delivery, and the structure of microorganisms that prevailed in the etiology of infectious and inflammatory diseases in maternity hospitals in General and endometritis in particular.Представлена структура инфекционно-воспалительных заболеваний у родильниц по учреждениям родовспоможения г. Екатеринбурга за 2006—2015 гг.. Установлено, что в структуре гнойно-септических инфекций родильниц наибольшую долю составляли эндометриты, частота возникновения которых зависела от тактики родоразрешения. Определены факторы риска для данной нозологии, сроки дебюта при родах через естественные родовые пути и оперативном родоразрешении и структура микроорганизмов, которые преобладали в этиологии инфекционно-воспалительных заболеваний у родильниц вообще и эндометритах в частности

Search for 2p Decay of the First Excited State of 17 Ne

Structure of nuclei located near and beyond the drip-lines plays important role in the explosive astrophysical processes. The problem of two-proton decay of the 17Ne first excited state is a good example of such situation. The two-proton radiative capture is a possible bypass of the 15O waiting point in the rp-process. The rate of this process drastically depends on the value of the weak

COMBINATION OF AZILSARTAN MEDOXOMIL AND CHLORTHALIDONE: IS IT POSSIBLE TO FIGHT SYSTEMIC HYPERTENSION AND OBESITY TOGETHER?

Arterial hypertension (AH) and obesity are the main risk factors of chronic noncommunicable diseases. Adipous tissue is not only a depot for energetic compounds, but is an active endocrine organ synthetizing biologically active substances that facilitate development of AH. Patients with AH and obesity are in the high cardiovascular risk group and demand effective combination antihypertension therapy. One of such drugs is the fixed combination of azilsartan medoxomil and chlorthalidone, which safety and efficacy are confirmed by various trials. Our clinical case demonstrates positive action of Edarbi Сlo on office and 24-hour blood pressure (BP), main parameters of aorta stiffness and structural and functional condition of myocardium at rest, as in exertion in patient with AH and obesity

Risks of HIV Infection for Medical Staff. Postexposure Prophylaxis (by the Example of the Sverdlovsk Region)

Introduction. The Sverdlovsk region is on the second place among all subjects of the Russian Federation on the level of infestation of the population is HIV. The prevalence of HIV-infected residents of the Sverdlovsk region is 1.6%. This corresponds to a generalized stage of infection. Annually in medical institutions of the Sverdlovsk region up to 4 million patients with HIV infection receive various types of medical care. In these conditions increase the risk of infection employees related to their professional activities.Aims of this study was to assess the completeness and timeliness of post-exposure antiretroviral therapy to employees in case of accidents with exposure to blood and to determine their professional the risks of infection.Materials and methods. The study was conducted on the basis of the Sverdlovsk Regional Center for Prevention and Control of AIDS and the Department of epidemiology of the Ural State Medical University. The authors analyzed 1678 strategic messages in an emergency for 2013-2016.Results. In medical organizations of Sverdlovsk region in 2013 was introduced registration of all emergencies, regardless of the HIV status of the patient. The number of registered accidents was 6.7 ± 0.3 cases per 10 thousand employees. The frequency of emergency situations doctors have1.7 times higher than the average staff and nurses. Among nurses there was a trend to increasing frequency of emergencies, with an annual growth rate of 3.0%. Changes in the frequency of emergency situations, the doctors and nurses are not installed. The authors found considerable variation in the number of accidents according to the official registration and results of the employee survey. The frequency of emergency situations is determined by the profile of the Department, business process, profession, work experience of the employee, day of week and time of day. The number of persons who received chemoprophylaxis during emergency situations, reduced annually. Reasons for the decline were later appeal for help, the failure of prevention and the absence of indications to antiretroviral therapy in low risk of infection. The proportion of doctors who are not receiving antiretroviral treatment was higher than the proportion of paramedical staff and nurses.Conclusion. The prevention of occupational infections require legal regulation. Preventive actions should be focused on the set in the process of research risks

National Vaccination Shedule: Quality of Performance and Determining Factors

Many issues concerning the organization of vaccination of the population in polyclinics still require improvement. The aim of the study is to assess the completeness and timeliness of vaccination of children in an outpatient setting and to identify factors affecting the adherence to vaccination of parents and medical staff. Materials and methods. The authors analyzed the history of child development and maps of preventive vaccinations of 631 children under 18 months of age to establish the completeness and timeliness of vaccinations against infections, approved by National immunization schedules. The authors analyzed the reasons for the lack of vaccinations and violations of the start and end of vaccination. To assess the population's attitude to vaccination, a survey of 865 parents and 1325 employees of medical organizations were conducted. In order to study the activity of discussion on the Internet issues related to vaccination, the number of records in the network on this topic and their content for 2007–2017 were analyzed. Results. The authors found that the coverage of children with vaccinations in the decreed age is insufficient and does not meet the requirements of National immunization schedules. The reasons for unvaccinated children in the maternity hospital were refusal of vaccination and medical contraindications (prematurity and low birth weight, respiratory failure, neonatal jaundice, HIV infection in the mother). In the clinic the leading causes of violation of the schedule of vaccination was temporary medical branches (the acute diseases), the late turnout at vaccination and refusals of immunization of parents. In assessing the attitude of parents to vaccination, the authors found that 79.3% of parents were positive, 6.4% – negative and 14.3% expressed doubts about the effectiveness and safety of vaccination. The main source of information was the opinion of health workers, among whom the survey revealed 187 people who are negative about vaccination. The opinion of relatives, friends and information received on the Internet were less authoritative. In assessing the monitoring data on the Internet, there was a significant increase in the number of people interested in and discussing the issues of vaccine prevention in social media, including their negative feedback. Conclusion. Authors recommend increasing the compliance of vaccine prophylaxis of medical workers, to form a positive attitude to vaccination among the population and to increase the coverage of vaccinations