Comparison of the Effectiveness of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy in Reducing Craving in Women Consuming Crystal Drug

Background: The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy and acceptance-commitment based therapy in decreasing drug craving in women who were addicted to the crystal. Materials and Methods: The research method was quasi-experimental pre-test-post-test with the control group and two methods; the cognitive-behavioral, and the acceptance and commitment therapy were separately followed for two experimental groups with a follow-up phase. The statistical population of this study was all women who were addicted to the crystal that referred to addiction treatment centers in Isfahan province during the period of August to October 2017. They were simultaneously depressed. The instruments used in the study were the Wilson, Guilford and Concrete protocol (2004) that is the treatment based on the acceptance, Carole's cognitive-behavioral therapy (1998), and Frankl (2002) craving for drug questionnaire, as well as repeated measures of variance analysis. Results: Findings showed that cognitive-behavioral and acceptance and commitment therapies for craving of crystal usage are effective in women who have had crystal abuse. Between two methods of cognitive behavioral therapy, and acceptance and commitment therapy in the field of craving for the crystal in women that overcome drug addiction, there was a significant difference. The acceptance and commitment therapy had effects that are more therapeutic. Conclusion: Therefore, this study provides a total empirical support for acceptance-based and commitment treatment in the treatment of women who were overcoming the crystal addition

Effects of synbiotics on treatment of children with failure to thrive: A triple blind placebo-controlled trial

Background: Failure to thrive (FTT) is a common problem of children especially in underdeveloped countries. In addition to its short-term adverse health effects, it is associated with long-term behavioral and cognitive defects. One of the recommended treatment modalities for FTT is using synbiotics. Due to high prevalence of FTT with undefined organic causes and failure of most medications on treatment of this type of FTT, we decided to search the effect of synbiotics on these patients. Materials and Methods: A randomized, triple-blinded, placebo-controlled trial study was done from 2011 to 2012. A number of 84 patients were randomly assigned to intervention and control groups. The synbiotics sachets were administered to study group for 6 months. The growth indices were measured at the beginning of the trial after 3 and 6 months, and compared with control. Results: Variance analysis of observations showed improvement of growth indices in both groups. The increase in weight was significantly higher in synbiotics group than in controls (P 0.05). At the beginning of the trial, the mean weights were 10.25 +/- 0.20 kg and 10.750 +/- 0.160 kg in intervention and control groups, respectively, Meanwhile, after 6 months, the mean weights of two groups became 12.280 +/- 0.190 and 11.760 +/- 0.17 kg in intervention and control groups, respectively. This result has confirmed that the effect of synbiotics is significant on weight gain of our patients. Conclusion: Our findings support beneficial effects of synbiotics in weight gain of children with FTT

When Much Is Too Much—Compared to Light Exercisers, Heavy Exercisers Report More Mental Health Issues and Stress, but Less Sleep Complaints

Background: Physical inactivity has become a global somatic and mental health issue. To counterbalance, promoting regular physical activity appears plausible, above all among adults, where physical inactivity is particularly high. However, some, but sparse, research also indicates that excessive exercising might be associated with unfavorable mental health dimensions. Here, we tested the hypothesis that excessive exercising was associated with more mental health issues. To this end, we assessed mental health issues, stress, mental toughness, and sleep disturbances among heavy and light adult exercisers. Methods: A total of 200 adults (mean age: 35 years; 62% females) took part in the study. Of those, 100 were heavy exercisers (18–22 h/week), and 100 were light exercisers (1–6 h/week). Participants completed questionnaires covering sociodemographic information, mental health issues, perceived stress, mental toughness, and sleep disturbances. Results: Compared with light exercisers, heavy exercisers reported higher mental health issues, more stress, but also higher mental toughness scores and less sleep disturbances. Higher age, lower mental toughness scores, heavy exerciser-status, and more sleep disturbances predicted higher mental health complaints. Conclusions: Compared with light exercising, heavy exercising might be associated with more mental health issues. As such, it appears that the association between exercise frequency, intensity, and duration and psychological well-being might be related to an optimum point, but not to a maximum point. In a similar vein, heavily exercising athletes, their coaches, parents, and representatives of sports associations should get sensitized to possible adverse psychological effects of excessive physical activity patterns

When Much Is Too Much - Compared to Light Exercisers, Heavy Exercisers Report More Mental Health Issues and Stress, but Less Sleep Complaints

Background: Physical inactivity has become a global somatic and mental health issue. To counterbalance, promoting regular physical activity appears plausible, above all among adults, where physical inactivity is particularly high. However, some, but sparse, research also indicates that excessive exercising might be associated with unfavorable mental health dimensions. Here, we tested the hypothesis that excessive exercising was associated with more mental health issues. To this end, we assessed mental health issues, stress, mental toughness, and sleep disturbances among heavy and light adult exercisers. Methods: A total of 200 adults (mean age: 35 years; 62% females) took part in the study. Of those, 100 were heavy exercisers (18–22 h/week), and 100 were light exercisers (1–6 h/week). Participants completed questionnaires covering sociodemographic information, mental health issues, perceived stress, mental toughness, and sleep disturbances. Results: Compared with light exercisers, heavy exercisers reported higher mental health issues, more stress, but also higher mental toughness scores and less sleep disturbances. Higher age, lower mental toughness scores, heavy exerciser-status, and more sleep disturbances predicted higher mental health complaints. Conclusions: Compared with light exercising, heavy exercising might be associated with more mental health issues. As such, it appears that the association between exercise frequency, intensity, and duration and psychological well-being might be related to an optimum point, but not to a maximum point. In a similar vein, heavily exercising athletes, their coaches, parents, and representatives of sports associations should get sensitized to possible adverse psychological effects of excessive physical activity patterns

Comparison of academic engagement in medical assistants in Isfahan University of Medical Sciences

Introduction: Academic enthusiasm as a main priority is focal point of the trustees of the higher education and it faces important challenges such as decline, burnout and lack of academic progress, tendency to deviant behaviors and the risk of dropping out. Therefore, this study endeavors to investigate the status of desire to study in medical assistants in Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was carried out through a standard questionnaire. Qualitative data were described and analyzed using distribution and frequency percentage, and quantitative data were described and analyzed using mean and standard deviation. Results: The average score of the total desire to study was 178.48±38.22. The mean and standard deviation of the total desire to study score was 171.21±40.65 for male Assistants and 186.1734.38 for female assistants. The average score of the desire to study in students under 30 years old was 183.92±38.65, in the age group of 30 to 40 years it was 168.8±38.21, and in the age group of 40 years and above it was 197.7±28.75. Conclusion: Academic enthusiasm as a new approach can affect various aspects of education, continuing education, providing services, especially in the field of medicine

The mediating role of self-esteem in the relationship between emotional creativity and wisdom in middle managers

background and purpose: the selection of wise managers, human resources and efficient workforce is the most fundamental factor of production, construction, growth and development, therefore the most comprehensive knowledge of the concepts and structures related to human resources, special tools and finally the skill of using these tools It is necessary; Therefore, the aim of the present study was to determine the mediating role of self-esteem in the relationship between emotional creativity and wisdom in young middle managers. Research method: The current research was a correlational cross-sectional study. The statistical population of this research was all middle level managers of private banks and Mahan Airlines in Tehran in the first half of the year 1400, from among them, 300 people were selected by staged cluster sampling method. In this research, the tools of wisdom (Ardelt, 2003), emotional creativity (April, 1999), and self-esteem (Rosenberg, 1965) were used, all of which had acceptable validity and reliability. In order to analyze the data, SPSS-V19 and Lisrel-V8.8 software were used. Findings: The research results showed that the model has a good fit. The results showed that emotional creativity had a significant direct effect on wisdom. The indirect effect of emotional creativity on the wisdom of middle managers was confirmed with the mediation of self-esteem with 95% confidence (P=0.05). Conclusion: The results obtained from this research showed that paying attention to the mentioned variables in the selection of managers and more appropriate design for cultivating wisdom helps senior managers and researchers

A research synthesis of effective components of depression treatment to develop a web-based package

Background and Aim: Negative emotions are one of the things that a person with MS is dealing with and it reduces their opportunities to establish social interactions, and this issue threatens their social relationships, quality of life, and as a result, their mental health. The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of schema therapy with cognitive behavioral therapy on negative emotions in women with MS in Kermanshah. Methods: The current research was of applied purpose type and in terms of methodology, it was quasi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design, a control group and a two-month follow-up. The statistical population of the research included all women with multiple sclerosis (MS) in Kermanshah during 2019-2020 who had referred to the Imam Reza Educational-Therapeutic Center. In this research, in order to select the research sample, first of all, among the female patients with multiple sclerosis who were referred to the Imam Reza Educational-Therapeutic Center (AS) in Kermanshah to receive medical services, the research questionnaires were distributed (taking into account the observance of all health principles in the face of the corona virus disease), the data collection tool included the DASS-21 questionnaire. Analysis of variance with repeated measurements and SPSS software were used for statistical analysis of data. Results: The findings showed that there was a statistically significant difference in the overall negative emotions scores of the participants in the control group compared to the negative emotions scores of the participants in the first intervention group (schema therapy) and the participants in the cognitive behavioral therapy group. This is while there was no significant difference in the score of negative emotions between the two intervention groups of schema therapy and cognitive behavioral therapy. This situation applies to the two components of depression and stress. That is, the level of depression and stress of the people in the two educational intervention groups has decreased significantly compared to the people in the control group, but there was no difference between the two intervention groups. Regarding the anxiety component, the results of the follow-up test indicate that although the anxiety of the two intervention groups has a mean difference (2.27 and 2.07) with the control group, this difference is not significant. Conclusion: Based on the available findings, it can be concluded that there was no difference between the effects of schema therapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy on reducing negative emotions