Sensitivity of levofloxacin in combination with ampicillin-sulbactam and tigecycline against multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii

Background and Objectives: The selection of alternative treatment options with antibiotic combinations may be used for successful managing of multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii. The aim of this study was to determine the synergistic effects of ampicillin-sulbactam combined with either levofloxacin or tigecycline against MDR A. baumannii. Materials and Methods: A total 124 of A.baumannii isolates collected from clinical samples of hospitalized patients which assessed for antibiotic susceptibility using disk diffusion method. E-test was used on 10 MDR A. baumannii isolates to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of ampicillin-sulbactam, levofloxacin and tigecycline. Any synergistic effects were evaluated at their own MIC using E-test assay at 37°C for 24 hours. Synergy was defined as a fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI) of ≤0.5. Results: Levofloxacin plus ampicillin-sulbactam combination was found to have synergistic effects (FIC index: ≤0.5) in 90% of the isolates, but there was no synergistic effect for ampicillin-sulbactam/tigecycline and tigecycline/ levofloxacin combination. The antagonist effect in 50% of isolates (FIC index: >2) showed in combination of levofloxacin/tigecycline. Conclusion: The emergence of multidrug A. baumannii isolates requires evaluating by combination therapy. The combination of levofloxacin plus a bactericidal antibiotic such as ampicillin-sulbactam is recommended. Results should be confirmed by clinical studies. Keywords: Acinetobacter baumannii, Etest Methods, Microbial Drug Resistance, Synergistic effec

CONTRIBUTION OF YEJELLA SHRI RAMULU CHAUDARI TO AYURVEDIC VETERINARY MEDICINE- A BIOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH STUDY

Yejella Shri Ramulu Chaudari is a famous Ayurvedic Veterinarian of Andhra Pradesh. He had written many Veterinary books in an easily apprehensive way in local Telugu language. Yejella Shri Ramulu Chaudari had written many books on various aspects of cattle and horses including etiopathogenesis and treatment with Ayurvedic drugs from the year 1928. He ran Pashusamrakshana named journal, Ayurvedic veterinary college and hospitals, Sahadeva Ayurveda pharmacy for many years. In the field of Ayurvedic veterinary medicine he trained many graduates, farmers, servants and animal keepers of Jamindars, landlords, social workers and propagated Ayurvedic veterinary medicine. He got the authority in both Ayurvedic and Allopathic systems and tried to integrate both the systems. His publications are source for model integration studies of both Ayurvedic and modern systems of medicine. Further he strove hard for the propagation of Ayurvedic veterinary medicine through pamphlets, workshops, essays in local newspapers and local journals. He received many awards and got many testimonials and certificates for his good publications, for his thankfulness, valuable suggestions and dedication in the field of veterinary medicine. Many opulent landlords and Jamindars showed their genuine love and sincere support for his institution and publications. Many renowned allopathic physicians, public representatives, scientists in the field of veterinary medicine and Ayurvedic physicians appreciated his dedicated work and commitment in helping the poor through veterinary Ayurvedic medicine. He ran Ayurvedic Sahadeva Pashu vaidya pharmacy and developed many proprietary medicines like Janturakshini, Kshirojan, Asvabalavardhini, Krimihar, Garbhaka, Pashubalavardhini etc. and sold for reasonable prices. He was popular as Abhinava sahadeva for his contributions.

Method Development and Validation of Fluconazole and Ivermectin in pure and Combined Dosage form using UV by Q- absorption ratio and Vierotd’s method

Multicomponent analysis involves simultaneous estimation of drug substances in combined dosage form. A comparative study between Q-Absorption ratio technique and Simultaneous Equation Method has been established for effective implication of the developed method. Numerous trials were performed as a part of solvent selection, both the drugs under study Fluconazole (FLN) and Ivermectin (IVR) have shown good solubility in methanol (Spectroscopic Grade). The absorption maxima (λmax) were found to be 261nm for FLU and 245nm for IVR respectively. Both the drugs were showing same extinction coefficient (Isosbestic point) at 261nm. A comparative study is proposed to be established for simultaneous equation and Q-absorption ratio method. Between the concentration and absorbance, calibration curves revealed a linear relationship. The regression line equation was established and identified r2 for Fluconazole and Ivermectin is 0.999 and 0.999. Fluconazole and Ivermectin were assessed by the validated method when each of the drug individually subjected to various stress conditions like concentrated acidic, basic, peroxide, excessive light and thermal. For estimation, the suggested approach was used for drug content in locally available marketed formulations which has proven successful for routine analysis of the same with the application of vierotd’s as well as Q-absorption method