The Student Government Experience at The University of Texas at Austin, 1932-1933 to 1982-1983

A study of student government at The University of Texas at Austin from 1932 to 1983.Histor

Emil Zuckerkandl, M.D. (1849-1910): Bridging Anatomic Study and the Operating Room Table.

In the mid-19th century, the Vienna School of Anatomy was at the epicenter of the rapidly growing field of anatomy. One of the school’s most distinguished professors, Hungarian-born anatomist Emil Zuckerkandl was instrumental in transforming anatomy from a descriptive science to one of practical and clinical value. A prolific researcher interested in nearly all areas of morphology and most famously, the chromaffin system, Zuckerkandl’s discoveries from more than a century ago still provide a foundation for surgeons to this day

Liver Transplantation to Provide Low-Density-Lipoprotein Receptors and Lower Plasma Cholesterol in a Child with Homozygous Familial Hypercholesterolemia

A six-year-old girl with severe hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis had two defective genes at the low-density-lipoprotein (LDL) receptor locus, as determined by biochemical studies of cultured fibroblasts. One gene, inherited from the mother, produced no LDL receptors; the other gene, inherited from the father, produced a receptor precursor that was not transported to the cell surface and was unable to bind LDL. The patient degraded intravenously administered 125I-LDL at an extremely low rate, indicating that her high plasma LDL-cholesterol level was caused by defective receptor-mediated removal of LDL from plasma. After transplantation of a liver and a heart from a normal donor, the patient's plasma LDL-cholesterol level declined by 81 per cent, from 988 to 184 mg per deciliter. The fractional catabolic rate for intravenously administered 125I-LDL, a measure of functional LDL receptors in vivo, increased by 2.5-fold. Thus, the transplanted liver, with its normal complement of LDL receptors, was able to remove LDL cholesterol from plasma at a nearly normal rate. We conclude that a genetically determined deficiency of LDL receptors can be largely reversed by liver transplantation. These data underscore the importance of hepatic LDL receptors in controlling the plasma level of LDL cholesterol in human beings. (N Engl J Med 1984; 311: 1658–64.). © 1984, Massachusetts Medical Society. All rights reserved

The Bitsy Spacecraft Kernel: Reducing Nanosatellite Mission Cost in the MSFC Future-X Program through Miniaturized Technologies

A team led by AeroAstro Incorporated was selected under the Future-X program to fly an experiment in late 2000 to demonstrate key elements of reducing space mission cost utilizing Bitsy™ Spacecraft Kernel technology. The Small Payload Access to Space Experiment (SPASE) is funded through the Future-X program, and is to be launched in late 2000 using the Space Shuttle. The mission will also carry a small microgravity payload. The entire first mission, including space and ground systems and launch interfaces, will cost under $2M. The recurring cost for follow-on microgravity spacecraft will be under$1M. Achieving on-orbit science missions with a cost comparable or below that of suborbital flights is made possible by: 1. Creation of a standardized core of spacecraft capabilities, not a standard bus, based on commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) technologies, which the science team uses to manage spacecraft functions (patent pending); 2. Miniaturization, which both reduces recurring costs (fabrication and parts) and makes a minimal demand on launch vehicle services with very high reliability. The spacecraft “kernel”, as opposed to bus, does not have a traditional division into discrete subsystems, but rather manages power, thermal control, ACDS, C&DH, and communications in a package of a few kilograms. Its small size, light weight, and unique extensible architecture enables a variety of customizations to be added as needed to greatly expand the range of achievable missions. These added capabilities include modest in-space propulsion, which enables missions including those requiring large V for spacecraft inspection, orbit initialization or station keeping, or achieving unusual or energetic orbits without requiring very expensive launch capability. While Bitsy™ technology enables flying significant science, communications, and remote sensing missions with total mass of 10-60 kg forcosts similar to suborbital flights, there is in principle no limit to the size or complexity of payloads it can accommodate. The spacecraft program currently underway will demonstrate the capabilities provided by the combination of miniaturization and nanospacecraft architectures. It will perform a flight demonstration of the spacecraft, ground station, and flight operations control software offering standard interfaces to payloads and to launch systems, to be launched in late 2000 on the Shuttle Hitchhiker accommodation. The Bitsy™ kernel concept, progress to date on the SPASE mission, and the fundamental design and architecture decisions for each will be discussed in this paper

Client Relations

Client relations is an extremely important aspect of veterinary hospital management. As a topic by itself, client relations is classified as a subcategory of professional internal marketing. In today\u27s practice it should be used with the same skill and progressive techniques as medical, diagnostic, or surgical procedures. This paper will outline the goal of client relations, show the importance of the clients\u27 perception, incorporate ways to demonstrate quality care and enhance a positive image, and ultimately show how client relations has a crucial role in the success of today\u27s veterinary practice

Stabilizing the Retromer Complex in a Human Stem Cell Model of Alzheimer's Disease Reduces TAU Phosphorylation Independently of Amyloid Precursor Protein.

Developing effective therapeutics for complex diseases such as late-onset, sporadic Alzheimer's disease (SAD) is difficult due to genetic and environmental heterogeneity in the human population and the limitations of existing animal models. Here, we used hiPSC-derived neurons to test a compound that stabilizes the retromer, a highly conserved multiprotein assembly that plays a pivotal role in trafficking molecules through the endosomal network. Using this human-specific system, we have confirmed previous data generated in murine models and show that retromer stabilization has a potentially beneficial effect on amyloid beta generation from human stem cell-derived neurons. We further demonstrate that manipulation of retromer complex levels within neurons affects pathogenic TAU phosphorylation in an amyloid-independent manner. Taken together, our work demonstrates that retromer stabilization is a promising candidate for therapeutic development in AD and highlights the advantages of testing novel compounds in a human-specific, neuronal system

Isoprenoids determine Th1/Th2 fate in pathogenic T cells, providing a mechanism of modulation of autoimmunity by atorvastatin.

3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase is a critical enzyme in the mevalonate pathway that regulates the biosynthesis of cholesterol as well as isoprenoids that mediate the membrane association of certain GTPases. Blockade of this enzyme by atorvastatin (AT) inhibits the destructive proinflammatory T helper cell (Th)1 response during experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and may be beneficial in the treatment of multiple sclerosis and other Th1-mediated autoimmune diseases. Here we present evidence linking specific isoprenoid intermediates of the mevalonate pathway to signaling pathways that regulate T cell autoimmunity. We demonstrate that the isoprenoid geranylgeranyl-pyrophosphate (GGPP) mediates proliferation, whereas both GGPP and its precursor, farnesyl-PP, regulate the Th1 differentiation of myelin-reactive T cells. Depletion of these isoprenoid intermediates in vivo via oral AT administration hindered these T cell responses by decreasing geranylgeranylated RhoA and farnesylated Ras at the plasma membrane. This was associated with reduced extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and p38 phosphorylation and DNA binding of their cotarget c-fos in response to T cell receptor activation. Inhibition of ERK and p38 mimicked the effects of AT and induced a Th2 cytokine shift. Thus, by connecting isoprenoid availability to regulation of Th1/Th2 fate, we have elucidated a mechanism by which AT may suppress Th1-mediated central nervous system autoimmune disease

Pathophysiology of heart failure and frailty: a common inflammatory origin?

Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/136680/1/acel12581_am.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/136680/2/acel12581.pd