6,517 research outputs found
Quantum Monte Carlo simulations of a particle in a random potential
In this paper we carry out Quantum Monte Carlo simulations of a quantum
particle in a one-dimensional random potential (plus a fixed harmonic
potential) at a finite temperature. This is the simplest model of an interface
in a disordered medium and may also pertain to an electron in a dirty metal. We
compare with previous analytical results, and also derive an expression for the
sample to sample fluctuations of the mean square displacement from the origin
which is a measure of the glassiness of the system. This quantity as well as
the mean square displacement of the particle are measured in the simulation.
The similarity to the quantum spin glass in a transverse field is noted. The
effect of quantum fluctuations on the glassy behavior is discussed.Comment: 23 pages, 7 figures included as eps files, uses RevTeX. Accepted for
publication in J. of Physics A: Mathematical and Genera
Discrete element modelling of fluidised bed spray granulation
A novel discrete element spray granulation model capturing the key features of fluidised bed hydrodynamics, liquid-solid contacting and agglomeration is presented. The model computes the motion of every individual particle and droplet in the system, considering the gas phase as a continuum. Micro scale processes such as particle-particle collisions, droplet-particle coalescence and agglomeration are directly taken into account by simple closure models. Simulations of the hydrodynamic behaviour of a batch granulation process are presented to demonstrate the potential of the model for creating\ud
insight into the influence of several key process conditions such as fluidisation velocity, spray rate and spray pattern on powder product characteristics
Quantum fluctuations and glassy behavior: The case of a quantum particle in a random potential
In this paper we expand our previous investigation of a quantum particle
subject to the action of a random potential plus a fixed harmonic potential at
a finite temperature T. In the classical limit the system reduces to a
well-known ``toy'' model for an interface in a random medium. It also applies
to a single quantum particle like an an electron subject to random
interactions, where the harmonic potential can be tuned to mimic the effect of
a finite box. Using the variational approximation, or alternatively, the limit
of large spatial dimensions, together with the use the replica method, and are
able to solve the model and obtain its phase diagram in the
plane, where is the particle's mass. The phase diagram is similar to that
of a quantum spin-glass in a transverse field, where the variable
plays the role of the transverse field. The glassy phase is characterized by
replica-symmetry-breaking. The quantum transition at zero temperature is also
discussed.Comment: revised version, 23 pages, revtex, 5 postscript figures in a separate
file figures.u
Dynamical solutions of a quantum Heisenberg spin glass model
We consider quantum-dynamical phenomena in the ,
infinite-range quantum Heisenberg spin glass. For a fermionic generalization of
the model we formulate generic dynamical self-consistency equations. Using the
Popov-Fedotov trick to eliminate contributions of the non-magnetic fermionic
states we study in particular the isotropic model variant on the spin space.
Two complementary approximation schemes are applied: one restricts the quantum
spin dynamics to a manageable number of Matsubara frequencies while the other
employs an expansion in terms of the dynamical local spin susceptibility. We
accurately determine the critical temperature of the spin glass to
paramagnet transition. We find that the dynamical correlations cause an
increase of by 2% compared to the result obtained in the spin-static
approximation. The specific heat exhibits a pronounced cusp at .
Contradictory to other reports we do not observe a maximum in the -curve
above .Comment: 8 pages, 7 figure
Replica field theory for a polymer in random media
In this paper we revisit the problem of a (non self-avoiding) polymer chain
in a random medium which was previously investigated by Edwards and Muthukumar
(EM). As noticed by Cates and Ball (CB) there is a discrepancy between the
predictions of the replica calculation of EM and the expectation that in an
infinite medium the quenched and annealed results should coincide (for a chain
that is free to move) and a long polymer should always collapse. CB argued that
only in a finite volume one might see a ``localization transition'' (or
crossover) from a stretched to a collapsed chain in three spatial dimensions.
Here we carry out the replica calculation in the presence of an additional
confining harmonic potential that mimics the effect of a finite volume. Using a
variational scheme with five variational parameters we derive analytically for
d<4 the result R~(g |ln \mu|)^{-1/(4-d)} ~(g lnV)^{-1/(4-d)}, where R is the
radius of gyration, g is the strength of the disorder, \mu is the spring
constant associated with the confining potential and V is the associated
effective volume of the system. Thus the EM result is recovered with their
constant replaced by ln(V) as argued by CB. We see that in the strict infinite
volume limit the polymer always collapses, but for finite volume a transition
from a stretched to a collapsed form might be observed as a function of the
strength of the disorder. For d<2 and for large
V>V'~exp[g^(2/(2-d))L^((4-d)/(2-d))] the annealed results are recovered and
R~(Lg)^(1/(d-2)), where L is the length of the polymer. Hence the polymer also
collapses in the large L limit. The 1-step replica symmetry breaking solution
is crucial for obtaining the above results.Comment: Revtex, 32 page
Disorder effects in the quantum Heisenberg model: An Extended Dynamical mean-field theory analysis
We investigate a quantum Heisenberg model with both antiferromagnetic and
disordered nearest-neighbor couplings. We use an extended dynamical mean-field
approach, which reduces the lattice problem to a self-consistent local impurity
problem that we solve by using a quantum Monte Carlo algorithm. We consider
both two- and three-dimensional antiferromagnetic spin fluctuations and
systematically analyze the effect of disorder. We find that in three dimensions
for any small amount of disorder a spin-glass phase is realized. In two
dimensions, while clean systems display the properties of a highly correlated
spin-liquid (where the local spin susceptibility has a non-integer power-low
frequency and/or temperature dependence), in the present case this behavior is
more elusive unless disorder is very small. This is because the spin-glass
transition temperature leaves only an intermediate temperature regime where the
system can display the spin-liquid behavior, which turns out to be more
apparent in the static than in the dynamical susceptibility.Comment: 15 pages, 7 figure
Calculation of Effective Coulomb Interaction for , , and
In this paper, the Slater integrals for a screened Coulomb interaction of the
the Yukawa form are calculated and by fitting the Thomas-Fermi wavevector, good
agreement is obtained with experiment for the multiplet spectra of
and ions. Moreover, a predicted multiplet spectrum for the heavy
fermion superconductor is shown with a calculated Coulomb U of 1.6 eV.
These effective Coulomb interactions, which are quite simple to calculate,
should be useful inputs to further many-body calculations in correlated
electron metals.Comment: 8 pages, revtex, 3 uuencoded postscript figure
Quantitative Analysis of the Publishing Landscape in High-Energy Physics
World-wide collaboration in high-energy physics (HEP) is a tradition which
dates back several decades, with scientific publications mostly coauthored by
scientists from different countries. This coauthorship phenomenon makes it
difficult to identify precisely the ``share'' of each country in HEP scientific
production. One year's worth of HEP scientific articles published in
peer-reviewed journals is analysed and their authors are uniquely assigned to
countries. This method allows the first correct estimation on a ``pro rata''
basis of the share of HEP scientific publishing among several countries and
institutions. The results provide an interesting insight into the geographical
collaborative patterns of the HEP community. The HEP publishing landscape is
further analysed to provide information on the journals favoured by the HEP
community and on the geographical variation of their author bases. These
results provide quantitative input to the ongoing debate on the possible
transition of HEP publishing to an Open Access model.Comment: For a better on-screen viewing experience this paper can also be
obtained at:
http://doc.cern.ch/archive/electronic/cern/preprints/open/open-2006-065.pd
Localization of a polymer in random media: Relation to the localization of a quantum particle
In this paper we consider in detail the connection between the problem of a
polymer in a random medium and that of a quantum particle in a random
potential. We are interested in a system of finite volume where the polymer is
known to be {\it localized} inside a low minimum of the potential. We show how
the end-to-end distance of a polymer which is free to move can be obtained from
the density of states of the quantum particle using extreme value statistics.
We give a physical interpretation to the recently discovered one-step
replica-symmetry-breaking solution for the polymer (Phys. Rev. E{\bf 61}, 1729
(2000)) in terms of the statistics of localized tail states. Numerical
solutions of the variational equations for chains of different length are
performed and compared with quenched averages computed directly by using the
eigenfunctions and eigenenergies of the Schr\"odinger equation for a particle
in a one-dimensional random potential. The quantities investigated are the
radius of gyration of a free gaussian chain, its mean square distance from the
origin and the end-to-end distance of a tethered chain. The probability
distribution for the position of the chain is also investigated. The glassiness
of the system is explained and is estimated from the variance of the measured
quantities.Comment: RevTex, 44 pages, 13 figure
Magic wavelengths for the transition in rubidium
Magic wavelengths, for which there is no differential ac Stark shift for the
ground and excited state of the atom, allow trapping of excited Rydberg atoms
without broadening the optical transition. This is an important tool for
implementing quantum gates and other quantum information protocols with Rydberg
atoms, and reliable theoretical methods to find such magic wavelengths are thus
extremely useful. We use a high-precision all-order method to calculate magic
wavelengths for the transition of rubidium, and compare the
calculation to experiment by measuring the light shift for atoms held in an
optical dipole trap at a range of wavelengths near a calculated magic value
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