2,257 research outputs found
Unconstrained Astrometric Orbits for Hipparcos Stars with Stochastic Solutions
A considerable number of astrometric binaries whose positions on the sky do
not obey the standard model of mean position, parallax and linear proper
motion, were observed by the Hipparcos satellite. Some of them remain
non-discovered, and their observational data have not been properly processed
with the more adequate astrometric model that includes nonlinear orbital
motion. We develop an automated algorithm based on "genetic optimization", to
solve the orbital fitting problem with no prior information about the orbital
elements is available (from, e.g., spectroscopic data or radial velocity
monitoring). We test this method on Hipparcos stars with known orbital
solutions in the catalog, and further apply it to stars with stochastic
solutions, which may be unresolved binaries. At a confidence level of 99%,
orbital fits are obtained for 65 stars, most of which have not been known as
binary. A few of the new probable binaries with A-type primaries with periods
444-2015 d are chemically peculiar stars, including Ap and \lambda Boo type.
The anomalous spectra of these stars are explained as admixture of the light
from the unresolved, sufficiently bright and massive companions. We estimate
the apparent orbits of four stars which have been identified as members of the
300 Myr-old UMa kinematic group. Another four new nearby binaries may include
low-mass M-type or brown dwarf companions. Similar astrometric models and
algorithms can be used for binary stars and planet hosts observed by SIM
PlanetQuest and Gaia
Secular Orbital Dynamics of the Possibly Habitable Planet K2-18 b with and without the Proposed Inner Companion
The transiting planet K2-18 b is one of the best candidates for a relatively
nearby world harboring biological life. The long-term orbital evolution of this
planet is investigated using theoretical and purely numerical techniques for
two possible configurations: a single planet orbiting the host star, and a
two-planet system including the proposed inner planet close to the 4:1 mean
motion rationalization. The emphasis is made on the secular changes of
eccentricity and orbital inclination, which are important for the climate
stability of the planet. It is demonstrated that the secular orbital dynamics
of planet K2-18 b with an internal companion are accurately represented by the
periodic eccentricity and inclination exchange on the time scales of a few Kyr.
A single planet is not expected to experience fast orbital changes, with the
much weaker tidal and rotation-driven perturbations mostly reflecting in a slow
periastron and nodal precession. The tidal decay of the orbit is too
insignificant on the time scale of the stellar age. However, the conditions for
the habitability of a single K2-18 b planet are much improved if, like the
Earth, it rotates faster than the mean motion and its rotation angle is tilted
by a hypothetical moon. Milankovi{\'c}'s cycles of the habitable planet's
climate are discussed for both configurations.Comment: Published in Universe 2023, 9, 46
Thermal destruction of vessels with liquid upon heating
A new engineering technique of calculating the heating and thermal destruction of vessels containing liquid under extreme thermal loading conditions is offered. The heating of the shell and the internal vessel volume is described on the basis of the thermodynamic approach. The pressure growth in a vessel is a result of gas heating and liquid evaporation. Stresses within the shell and its destruction conditions are determined, which allows predicting the critical time of destruction upon heating. The calculation and experimental data for pressure growth inside the vessel are in good agreement
Manifolds associated with -colored regular graphs
In this article we describe a canonical way to expand a certain kind of
-colored regular graphs into closed -manifolds by
adding cells determined by the edge-colorings inductively. We show that every
closed combinatorial -manifold can be obtained in this way. When ,
we give simple equivalent conditions for a colored graph to admit an expansion.
In addition, we show that if a -colored regular graph
admits an -skeletal expansion, then it is realizable as the moment graph of
an -dimensional closed -manifold.Comment: 20 pages with 9 figures, in AMS-LaTex, v4 added a new section on
reconstructing a space with a -action for which its moment graph is
a given colored grap
Gyr-timescale destruction of high-eccentricity asteroids by spin and why 2006 HY51 has been spared
Asteroids and other small celestial bodies have markedly prolate shapes, and
the perturbative triaxial torques which are applied during pericenter passages
in highly eccentric orbits trigger and sustain a state of chaotic rotation.
Because the prograde spin rate around the principal axis of inertia is not
bounded from above, it can accidentally reach the threshold value corresponding
to rotational break-up. Previous investigations of this process were limited to
integrations of orbits because of the stiff equation of motion. We
present here a fast 1D simulation method to compute the evolution of this spin
rate over orbits. We apply the method to the most eccentric solar
system asteroid known, 2006 HY51 (with ), and find that for any
reasonably expected shape parameters, it can never be accelerated to break-up
speed. However, primordial solar system asteroids on more eccentric orbits may
have already broken up from this type of rotational fission. The method also
represents a promising opportunity to investigate the long-term evolution of
extremely eccentric triaxial exo-asteroids (), which are thought to
be common in white dwarf planetary systemsComment: Accepted in ApJ. The computer-heavier version of chaotic rotation
simulation with reparameterization is available as a Julia code at
https://github.com/agoldin/2006HY5
Chaos over Order: Mapping 3D Rotation of Triaxial Asteroids and Minor Planets
Celestial bodies approximated with rigid triaxial ellipsoids in a two-body
system can rotate chaotically due to the time-varying gravitational torque from
the central mass. At small orbital eccentricity values, rotation is short-term
orderly and predictable within the commensurate spin-orbit resonances, while at
eccentricity approaching unity, chaos completely takes over. Here, we present
the full 3D rotational equations of motion around all three principle axes for
triaxial minor planets and two independent methods of numerical solution based
on Euler rotations and quaternion algebra. The domains of chaotic rotation are
numerically investigated over the entire range of eccentricity with a
combination of trial integrations of Euler's equations of motion and the
GALI() method. We quantify the dependence of the order--chaos boundaries on
shape by changing a prolateness parameter, and find that the main 1:1
spin-orbit resonance disappears for specific moderately prolate shapes already
at eccentricities as low as 0.3. The island of short-term stability around the
main 1:1 resonance shrinks with increasing eccentricity at a fixed low degree
of prolateness and completely vanishes at approximately 0.8. This island is
also encroached by chaos on longer time scales indicating longer Lyapunov
exponents. Trajectories in the close vicinity of the 3:2 spin-orbit resonance
become chaotic at smaller eccentricities, but separated enclaves of orderly
rotation emerge at eccentricities as high as 0.8. Initial perturbations of
rotational velocity in latitude away from the exact equilibrium result in a
spectrum of free libration, nutation, and polar wander, which is not well
matched by the linearized analysis omitting the inertial terms.Comment: Accepted in MNRA
Slope stability monitoring from microseismic field using polarization methodology
International audienceNumerical simulation of seismoacoustic emission (SAE) associated with fracturing in zones of shear stress concentration shows that SAE signals are polarized along the stress direction. The proposed polarization methodology for monitoring of slope stability makes use of three-component recording of the microseismic field on a slope in order to pick the signals of slope processes by filtering and polarization analysis. Slope activity is indicated by rather strong roughly horizontal polarization of the respective portion of the field in the direction of slope dip. The methodology was tested in microseismic observations on a landslide slope in the Northern Tien-Shan (Kyrgyzstan)
- …