Thermophysical properties of sodium

Assessment is given of physical and thermodynamic properties of sodium. FORTRAN subroutine computes enthalphy and entropy of sodium in given state, and composition, molecular weight, volume, and compressibility factor of corresponding vapor. Tabular results for saturated liquid and vapor are presented for a 500-2500 degree F range

Automated analysis of blood pressure measurements (Korotkov sound)

Automatic system for noninvasive measurements of arterial blood pressure is described. System uses Korotkov sound processor logic ratios to identify Korotkov sounds. Schematic diagram of system is provided to show components and method of operation

Differential effects of ERK and p38 signaling in BMP-2 stimulated hypertrophy of cultured chick sternal chondrocytes

Background During endochondral bone formation, the hypertrophy of chondrocytes is accompanied by selective expression of several genes including type X collagen and alkaline phosphatase. This expression is stimulated by inducers including BMPs and ascorbate. A 316 base pair region of the type X collagen (Col X) promoter has been previously characterized as the site required for BMP regulation. The intent of this study was to examine the role of Mitogen Activated Protein (MAP) and related kinase pathways in the regulation of Col X transcription and alkaline phosphatase activity in pre-hypertrophic chick chondrocytes. Results Using a luciferase reporter regulated by the BMP-responsive region of the type X collagen promoter, we show that promoter activity is increased by inhibition of extra-cellular signal regulated kinases 1 or 2 (ERK1/2). In contrast the ability of BMP-2 to induce alkaline phosphatase activity is little affected by ERK1/2 inhibition. The previously demonstrated stimulatory affect of p38 on Col X was shown to act specifically at the BMP responsive region of the promoter. The inhibitory effect of the ERK1/2 pathway and stimulatory effect of the p38 pathway on the Col X promoter were confirmed by the use of mutant kinases. Inhibition of upstream kinases: protein kinase C (PKC) and phosphatidylinositol 3-(PI3) kinase pathways increased basal Col X activity but had no effect on the BMP-2 induced increase. In contrast, ascorbate had no effect on the BMP-2 responsive region of the Col X promoter nor did it alter the increase in promoter activity induced by ERK1/2 inhibition. The previously shown increase in alkaline phosphatase activity induced by ascorbate was not affected by any kinase inhibitors examined. However some reduction in the alkaline phosphatase activity induced by the combination of BMP-2 and ascorbate was observed with ERK1/2 inhibition. Conclusion Our results demonstrate that ERK1/2 plays a negative role while p38 plays a positive role in the BMP-2 activated transcription of type X collagen. This regulation occurs specifically at the BMP-2 responsive promoter region of Col X. Ascorbate does not modulate Col X at this region indicating that BMP-2 and ascorbate exert their action on chondrocyte hypertrophy via different transcriptional pathways. MAP kinases seem to have only a modest effect on alkaline phosphatase when activity is induced by the combination of both BMP-2 and ascorbate

Web-based Tools for the Analysis of DNA Microarrays

End of project reportDNA microarrays are widely used for gene expression profiling. Raw data resulting from microarray experiments, however, tends to be very noisy and there are many sources of technical variation and bias. This raw data needs to be quality assessed and interactively preprocessed to minimise variation before statistical analysis in order to achieve meaningful result. Therefore microarray analysis requires a combination of visualisation and statistical tools, which vary depending on what microarray platform or experimental design is used.Bioconductor is an existing open source software project that attempts to facilitate analysis of genomic data. It is a collection of packages for the statistical programming language R. Bioconductor is particularly useful in analyzing microarray experiments. The problem is that the R programming language’s command line interface is intimidating to many users who do not have a strong background in computing. This often leads to a situation where biologists will resort to using commercial software which often uses antiquated and much less effective statistical techniques, as well as being expensively priced. This project aims to bridge this gap by providing a user friendly web-based interface to the cutting edge statistical techniques of Bioconductor

Contourograph display system for monitoring electrocardiograms

Electrocardiogram is displayed as a contourogram on the cathode ray tube of a variable-persistence oscilloscope. Each cycle is stacked below its predecessors giving a three dimensional effect. A major change in the signal is apparent as a change in the contourogram pattern

Apparatus and method for processing Korotkov sounds

A Korotkov sound processor, used in a noninvasive automatic blood measuring system where the brachial artery is occluded by an inflatable cuff, is disclosed. The Korotkoff sound associated with the systolic event is determined when the ratio of the absolute value of a voltage signal, representing Korotkov sounds in the range of 18 to 26 Hz to a maximum absolute peak value of the unfiltered signals, first equals or exceeds a value of 0.45. Korotkov sound associated with the diastolic event is determined when a ratio of the voltage signal of the Korotkov sounds in the range of 40 to 60 Hz to the absolute peak value of such signals within a single measurement cycle first falls below a value of 0.17. The processor signals the occurrence of the systolic and diastolic events and these signals can be used to control a recorder to record pressure values for these events

Penyelesaian Sengketa Konsumen dan Pelaku USAha dalam Perspektif (suatu Kajian UU Nomor 8 Tahun 1999 Tentang Perlindungan Konsumen)

Tujuan dilakukannya penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana tugas dan kewenangan Badan Penyelesaian Sengketa Konsumen serta bagaimana penyelesaian sengketa antara konsumen dan pelaku USAha. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian normative dan dapat disimpulkan, bahwa: 1. Penyelesaian sengketa di luar pengadilan tidak menghilangkan tanggungjawab pidana sebagaimana diatur dalam Undang-undang. Apabila telah dipilih upaya penyelesaian sengketa konsumen di luar pengadilan, gugatan melalui pengadilan hanya dapat ditempuh apabila upaya tersebut dinyatakan tidak berhasil oleh salah satu pihak atau oleh para pihak yang bersengketa dan gugatan diajukan kepada peradilan umum. Penyelesaian sengketa konsumen di luar pengadilan diselenggarakan untuk mencapai kesepakatan mengenai bentuk dan besarnya ganti rugi dan/atau mengenai tindakan tertentu untuk menjamin tidak akan terjadi kembali atau tidak akan terulang kembali kerugian yang diderita oleh konsumen. 2. Tugas dan wewenang badan penyelesaian sengketa konsumen dilakukan melalui mediasi, arbitrase atau konsiliasi; konsultasi perlindungan konsumen; pengawasan terhadap pencantuman klausula baku; melaporkan kepada penyidik umum apabila terjadi pelanggaran undang-undang konsumen; menerima pengaduan baik tertulis maupun tidak tertulis, dari konsumen; melakukan penelitian dan pemeriksaan sengketa perlindungan konsumen. Putusan majelis Badan Penyelesaian Sengketa Konsumen dimintakan penetapan eksekusinya kepada Pengadilan Negeri di tempat konsumen yang dirugikan