Infants of Depressed Mothers Living in Poverty: Opportunities to Identify and Serve

Examines the prevalence of depression among mothers in poverty by race/ethnicity, age, family structure, prenatal care and feeding practices, and factors such as domestic violence. Explores intervention points and policy initiatives for support services

Structural origin of the midgap electronic states and the Urbach tail in pnictogen-chalcogenide glasses

We determine the electronic density of states for computationally-generated bulk samples of amorphous chalcogenide alloys As$_{x}$Se$_{100-x}$. The samples were generated using a structure-building algorithm reported recently by us ({J. Chem. Phys.} ${\bf 147}$, 114505). Several key features of the calculated density of states are in good agreement with experiment: The trend of the mobility gap with arsenic content is reproduced. The sample-to-sample variation in the energies of states near the mobility gap is quantitatively consistent with the width of the Urbach tail in the optical edge observed in experiment. Most importantly, our samples consistently exhibit very deep-lying midgap electronic states that are delocalized significantly more than what would be expected for a deep impurity or defect state; the delocalization is highly anisotropic. These properties are consistent with those of the topological midgap electronic states that have been proposed by Zhugayevych and Lubchenko as an explanation for several puzzling opto-electronic anomalies observed in the chalcogenides, including light-induced midgap absorption and ESR signal, and anomalous photoluminescence. In a complement to the traditional view of the Urbach states as a generic consequence of disorder in atomic positions, the present results suggest these states can be also thought of as intimate pairs of topological midgap states that cannot recombine because of disorder. Finally, samples with an odd number of electrons exhibit neutral, spin $1/2$ midgap states as well as polaron-like configurations that consist of a charge carrier bound to an intimate pair of midgap states; the polaron's identity---electron or hole---depends on the preparation protocol of the sample.Comment: submitted to J Phys Chem

Boulder County biomass

Presented at the Can forests meet our energy needs? The future of forest biomass in Colorado conference, February 21, 2008, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado.Scott Golden is a Resource Specialist in Forestry and Biomass for Boulder County Parks & Open Space. His primary responsibilities with the agency are the biomass program for the County's district heating system, forest health management, and piloting a new program that assists private landowners with biomass disposal and small diameter utilization. He received his formal forestry training at CSU and has been active in private forestry for 18 years. Scott is an active advocate for biomass energy as it relates to sustainable forestry and communities

Evaluation of Management Strategies and Physiological Mechanisms of Agrostis Species for Reduced Irrigation Environments

Water is a basic necessity for turfgrass growth and metabolic processes, with optimal levels required for the maintenance of turf quality and function. As water restrictions for irrigation of landscapes become more widespread across the United States, turfgrass managers will need to rely on management strategies to improve the performance of turfgrasses under reduced irrigation environments. Therefore, the objectives of the research were to (i) compare the performance of different Agrostis species and cultivars under reduced irrigation, (ii) evaluate the use of wetting agents for maintaining turf quality under reduced irrigation, (iii) and examine the physiological mechanisms associated with improved drought resistance traits of Agrostis species. To address our primary objectives, we conducted a two-year field study comparing cultivars of three bentgrass species, including ‘Revere’ and ‘Tiger II’ colonial bentgrasses (Agrostis capillaris), ‘Legendary’ and ‘Greenwich’ velvet bentgrasses (A. canina), and ‘13M’, ‘T-1’, ‘L-93’, and ‘Penncross’ creeping bentgrasses (A. stolonifera) in response to reduced irrigation with and without the use of a wetting agent. In general, the use of a wetting agent did not result in any significant differences in turf quality or soil moisture content among treatments. There were significant differences in turf quality among bentgrass species and cultivars under reduced irrigation. Colonial bentgrass cultivars maintained high turf quality, and were found to be well suited for fairways under reduced irrigation. Due to excessive thatch accumulation in our study, velvet bentgrass cultivars exhibited significant declines in quality regardless of irrigation level. Among creeping bentgrass cultivars, T-1 exhibited improved drought tolerance compared to the older cultivars of creeping bentgrass. Based on results from the field study, we further evaluated the drought resistance and recovery characteristics among five cultivars of colonial bentgrass (‘Barking’, \u27Tiger II’, ‘Revere’, ‘Capri’, and ‘Greentime’). Under moderate drought stress, Barking, Tiger II, and Revere all exhibited lower leaf relative water content levels compared to Capri and Greentime, although no significant differences in turf quality or soil water content were observed during the drought period. Following re-watering, Barking and Tiger II exhibited the most rapid recovery from drought (as measured by percent green cover), while Capri and Greentime exhibited delayed recovery. Therefore, although significant differences in turf performance during drought stress were not observed, recovery potential seems to vary among the different cultivars of colonial bentgrass