Double jeopardy: the influence of excessive daytime sleepiness and impaired cognition on health‐related quality of life in adults with heart failure

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/106066/1/ejhfhfs054.pd

Cardiac immune cell infiltration associates with abnormal lipid metabolism

CD36 mediates the uptake of long-chain fatty acids (FAs), a major energy substrate for the myocardium. Under excessive FA supply, CD36 can cause cardiac lipid accumulation and inflammation while its deletion reduces heart FA uptake and lipid content and increases glucose utilization. As a result, CD36 was proposed as a therapeutic target for obesity-associated heart disease. However, more recent reports have shown that CD36 deficiency suppresses myocardial flexibility in fuel preference between glucose and FAs, impairing tissue energy balance, while CD36 absence in tissue macrophages reduces efferocytosis and myocardial repair after injury. In line with the latter homeostatic functions, we had previously reported that CD3

Recommendations for a National P2 Information Network

Today there are are many federal, regional, state and local programs providing assistance to small business. Many of these agencies have embraced pollution prevention as the preferred environmental protection strategy and are integrating it into the services they provide to industry. However, to remain effective in providing their services these programs require reliable and authoritative sources of information about pollution prevention, waste reduction, cleaner production technologies, design for the environment, and environmentally sustainable practices. Information is critical to induce businesses to undertake pollution prevention projects. Companies need to understand the various P2 alternatives and their ramifications prior to making any changes in their facilities. In an attempt to encourage industry to implement pollution prevention, state and local environmental agencies established P2 assistance programs. These programs provide companies with technical reports, case studies, on-site assistance, referrals to industry experts, newsletters, and vendor information. P2 assistance programs have found that obtaining current and reliable information on P2 strategies is challenging. When they can't find information they need, local P2 programs often develop it themselves. Often they end up producing material that programs in other parts of the country have already published. Pollution prevention programs have long recognized the value of a national network that links P2 information sources with the needs of local assistance providers. In 1995 the National Pollution Prevention Roundtable (NPPR) published Organizing a National Pollution Prevention Network, which outlined some of the issues that surround the dissemination of P2 information. The report recommended a structure involving regional centers that would be linked together to create a national network. EPA piloted the development and coordination of two regional centers. These regional centers were responsible for working directly with and coordinating among the state and local pollution prevention programs, establishing regional priorities and serving as a point of contact for the regions. This structure was proposed so that P2 information: is maintained at the local level; is made readily accessible and easy to search; Is updated and of high-quality; identifies primary/expert sources of information; Is integrated into a sector- and process-specific synthesized format; and addresses the needs of local and state agencies. In February 1997 the NPPR Information and Technology Transfer Workgroup issued a report titled "Establishing a National Pollution Prevention Network", which reaffirmed the structure proposed in the 1995 report and proposed a cost estimate for network operations. This report also provided an overall vision for a national P2 information network and an estimated scope of work for network operations. "Recommendations for a National Information Network" builds on these reports and provides detailed information on: (1) the lessons learned from two regional centers; (2) the challenges facing the existing network; (3) the existing infrastructure for a national P2 information network; (4) the recommendations for needed improvements and support and (5) the recommendations for the national P2 information network. The purpose of this report is to detail the experiences of two regional centers in their efforts to develop interstate and inter-regional programs and present recommendations for future efforts in this area.published or submitted for publicationnot peer reviewe

(Table 2) Revised stacked record on magnetic susceptibility of ODP Site 162-984 sediments

Magnetic field and susceptibility data were collected using the geological high-resolution magnetometer tool string (GHMT) at three sites during Ocean Drilling Program Leg 162. Postcruise processing of the magnetic field data yielded a polarity stratigraphy for Holes 986C and 987E. A magnetic susceptibility record was measured at Hole 984B. Detailed analysis of the core and log susceptibility records at Hole 984B yielded an empirical tool resolution of the susceptibility measurement tool (SUMT) of 53 cm. At Site 984, where sedimentation rates were typically >10 cm/k.y., this gave a resolution of at least ~5000 yr. This data report summarizes the GHMT postcruise processing, method of interpretation, and analysis of the SUMT resolution

Relating the Physical Properties of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Lipopolysaccharides to Virulence by Atomic Force Microscopy▿ †

Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) are an important class of macromolecules that are components of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa. P. aeruginosa contains two different sugar chains, the homopolymer common antigen (A band) and the heteropolymer O antigen (B band), which impart serospecificity. The characteristics of LPS are generally assessed after isolation rather than in the context of whole bacteria. Here we used atomic force microscopy (AFM) to probe the physical properties of the LPS of P. aeruginosa strain PA103 (serogroup O11) in situ. This strain contains a mixture of long and very long polymers of O antigen, regulated by two different genes. For this analysis, we studied the wild-type strain and four mutants, ΔWzz1 (producing only very long LPS), ΔWzz2 (producing only long LPS), DΔM (with both the wzz1 and wzz2 genes deleted), and Wzy::GM (producing an LPS core oligosaccharide plus one unit of O antigen). Forces of adhesion between the LPS on these strains and the silicon nitride AFM tip were measured, and the Alexander and de Gennes model of steric repulsion between a flat surface and a polymer brush was used to calculate the LPS layer thickness (which we refer to as length), compressibility, and spacing between the individual molecules. LPS chains were longest for the wild-type strain and ΔWzz1, at 170.6 and 212.4 nm, respectively, and these values were not statistically significantly different from one another. Wzy::GM and DΔM have reduced LPS lengths, at 34.6 and 37.7 nm, respectively. Adhesion forces were not correlated with LPS length, but a relationship between adhesion force and bacterial pathogenicity was found in a mouse acute pneumonia model of infection. The adhesion forces with the AFM probe were lower for strains with LPS mutations, suggesting that the wild-type strain is optimized for maximal adhesion. Our research contributes to further understanding of the role of LPS in the adhesion and virulence of P. aeruginosa