22,725 research outputs found
Composite micromechanical modeling using the boundary element method
The use of the boundary element method for analyzing composite micromechanical behavior is demonstrated. Stress-strain, heat conduction, and thermal expansion analyses are conducted using the boundary element computer code BEST-CMS, and the results obtained are compared to experimental observations, analytical calculations, and finite element analyses. For each of the analysis types, the boundary element results agree reasonably well with the results from the other methodologies, with explainable discrepancies. Overall, the boundary element method shows promise in providing an alternative method to analyze composite micromechanical behavior
Ion composition and drift observations in the nighttime equatorial ionosphere
The first in situ measurements of ion composition in the nighttime equatorial E and F region ionospheres (90-300 km) are presented and discussed. These profiles were obtained by two rocket-borne ion mass spectrometers launched from Thumba, India on March 9-10, 1970 at solar zenith angles of 112 deg and 165 deg. Ionosonde data established that the composition was measured at times bounding a period of F region downward drift. During this period the ions O(+) and N(+) were enhanced by one to three orders of magnitude between 220 and 300 km. Below the drift region (200 km), O(+) ceased to be the major ionic constituent, but the concentrations of O(+) and N(+) remained larger than predicted from known radiation sources and loss processes. Here also, both the O2(+) and NO(+) profiles retained nearly the same shape and magnitude throughout the night in agreement with theories assuming scattered UV radiation to be the maintaining source. Light metallic ions including Mg(+), Na(+) and possibly Si(+) were observed to altitude approaching 300 km, while the heavier ions Ca(+) and K(+) were seen in reduced quantity to 200 km. All metal ion profiles exhibited changes which can be ascribed to vertical drifting
Sub-structural Niching in Estimation of Distribution Algorithms
We propose a sub-structural niching method that fully exploits the problem
decomposition capability of linkage-learning methods such as the estimation of
distribution algorithms and concentrate on maintaining diversity at the
sub-structural level. The proposed method consists of three key components: (1)
Problem decomposition and sub-structure identification, (2) sub-structure
fitness estimation, and (3) sub-structural niche preservation. The
sub-structural niching method is compared to restricted tournament selection
(RTS)--a niching method used in hierarchical Bayesian optimization
algorithm--with special emphasis on sustained preservation of multiple global
solutions of a class of boundedly-difficult, additively-separable multimodal
problems. The results show that sub-structural niching successfully maintains
multiple global optima over large number of generations and does so with
significantly less population than RTS. Additionally, the market share of each
of the niche is much closer to the expected level in sub-structural niching
when compared to RTS
Atmospheric X-ray emission experiment for shuttle
An experiment designed to measure the spatial, temporal, and energy distribution of X-ray aurorae produced by precipitating electrons, is presented. The experiment will provide vital data on solar-terrestrial relationships that may lead to defining the transfer mechanism that causes certain terrestrial weather events and climatological behavior. An instrument concept is discussed, and is based on a spatially sensitive multiwire proportional counter, combined with collimators to produce X-ray images of the aurorae. An instrument pointing system, on which the counter can be mounted, will provide the required altitude control, and can be operated by a Spacelab payload specialist for full control over its observing and data taking modes
Exciton mediated one phonon resonant Raman scattering from one-dimensional systems
We use the Kramers-Heisenberg approach to derive a general expression for the
resonant Raman scattering cross section from a one-dimensional (1D) system
explicitly accounting for excitonic effects. The result should prove useful for
analyzing the Raman resonance excitation profile lineshapes for a variety of 1D
systems including carbon nanotubes and semiconductor quantum wires. We apply
this formalism to a simple 1D model system to illustrate the similarities and
differences between the free electron and correlated electron-hole theories.Comment: 10 pages, 6 figure
L^p boundedness of the wave operator for the one dimensional Schroedinger operator
Given a one dimensional perturbed Schroedinger operator H=-(d/dx)^2+V(x) we
consider the associated wave operators W_+, W_- defined as the strong L^2
limits as s-> \pm\infty of the operators e^{isH} e^{-isH_0} We prove that the
wave operators are bounded operators on L^p for all 1<p<\infty, provided
(1+|x|)^2 V(x) is integrable, or else (1+|x|)V(x) is integrable and 0 is not a
resonance. For p=\infty we obtain an estimate in terms of the Hilbert
transform. Some applications to dispersive estimates for equations with
variable rough coefficients are given.Comment: 26 page
Properties of Nucleon Resonances by means of a Genetic Algorithm
We present an optimization scheme that employs a Genetic Algorithm (GA) to
determine the properties of low-lying nucleon excitations within a realistic
photo-pion production model based upon an effective Lagrangian. We show that
with this modern optimization technique it is possible to reliably assess the
parameters of the resonances and the associated error bars as well as to
identify weaknesses in the models. To illustrate the problems the optimization
process may encounter, we provide results obtained for the nucleon resonances
(1230) and (1700). The former can be easily isolated and thus
has been studied in depth, while the latter is not as well known
experimentally.Comment: 12 pages, 10 figures, 3 tables. Minor correction
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