Waiting for moonrise : Fasting, storytelling, and marriage in provincial Rajasthan

Ethnographic encounters with women's ritual storytelling in North India provide the central substance of this essay and contribute to the study of narrative transformations over time. I highlight two distinct although related themes. First, and most importantly, I consider women's changing expectations of marriage, approaching these through intimate, conversational ethnographic accounts. Second, with an expanded scope stretching across regions as well as over decades, I observe variations as well as processes of standardization: how diverse tales associated with a specific ritual may ultimately be reduced to one standard plot.Issue title: Transmissions and Transitions in Indian Oral Traditions

Outspoken women : representation of female voices in a Rajasthani folklore community

This essay is about the meaning of women's bold speech in North Indian oral performances, and how this performed meaning reflects upon and contributes to the ways gender identities are constructed and negotiated in "real life." I shall focus on depictions of wife-husband encounters for several reasons. First, there are plenty of them;4 second, the undertaking of a cross-genre and cross-gender comparison is more effective when focused on a single relationship; third, the husband-wife relationship is arguably surrounded with the most intensely ambivalent emotions and contested control. Finally and most importantly, it is with spousal relationships that performance and behavior appear to diverge most radically.Issue title; "South Asian Oral Traditions.

ADR through a Cultural Lens: How Cultural Values Shape Our Disputing Processes

I arrived for my second Nepali language class on time, but the teacher kept chatting about inconsequential things. I was paying by the hour, and we had already spent 25 minutes talking about nothing! A week later, I received an invitation to an art exhibit. The location was Royal Museum, so that is where I went, only to find an empty building and no people. What had I missed? In my first meeting with the Dean of the Law Campus, we talked about trekking, the upcoming religious holidays, his visit to Seattle two years ago, relatives in the United States, but never directly addressed the reason for my visit that day. I thought I was there to learn what and when I would be teaching. What was going on here? What was I supposed to read between the lines in each of these encounters

An Educational Module Explaining the Utilization of Airway Ultrasonography as Standard of Care for Preoperative Airway Assessment

Background: One of the most life-threatening complications during anesthesia is an unrecognized difficult airway. Difficult airway patients are more prone to intraoperative complications including airway edema, periods of hypoxia, and trauma to the airway. Failure to oxygenate due to an unpredicted difficult airway can result in permanent organ damage. Standardizing the method in which providers classify airways preoperatively including handheld ultrasonography could help decrease the incidence of unpredicted difficult intubations. This quality improvement project assessed whether anesthesia providers would benefit from an educational module on ultrasound parameters to differentiate difficult versus easy intubations to increase ultrasound airway anatomy knowledge, skill, and predictive abilities. There were three participants, all are certified registered nurse anesthetists (CRNAs). The project involved a pretest, PowerPoint presentation, and posttest. Based on the results, an educational module on airway assessment utilizing ultrasound parameters compared to no ultrasound parameters increases knowledge in ultrasound airway anatomy, skill, and predictive ability in detecting a difficult versus easy intubation

Amphiphysin IIm Is Required for Survival of Chlamydia pneumoniae in Macrophages

Macrophages play a critical role in both innate and acquired immunity because of their unique ability to internalize, kill, and degrade bacterial pathogens through the process of phagocytosis. The adaptor protein, amphiphysin IIm, participates in phagocytosis and is transiently associated with early phagosomes. Certain pathogens, including Chlamydia pneumoniae, have evolved mechanisms to subvert macrophage phagosome maturation and, thus, are able to survive within these cells. We report here that, although amphiphysin IIm is usually only transiently associated with the phagosome, it is indefinitely retained on vacuoles containing C. pneumoniae. Under these wild-type conditions, C. pneumoniae do not elicit significant nitric oxide (NO) production and are not killed. Abrogation of amphiphysin IIm function results in C. pneumoniae–induced NO production and in the sterilization of the vacuole. The data suggest that C. pneumoniae retains amphiphysin IIm on the vacuole to survive within the macrophage

A systematic review of nudge interventions to optimize medication prescribing

Background: The benefits of medication optimization are largely uncontroversial but difficult to achieve. Behavior change interventions aiming to optimize prescriber medication-related decisions, which do not forbid any option and that do not significantly change financial incentives, offer a promising way forward. These interventions are often referred to as nudges. Objective: The current systematic literature review characterizes published studies describing nudge interventions to optimize medication prescribing by the behavioral determinants they intend to influence and the techniques they apply. Methods: Four databases were searched (MEDLINE, Embase, PsychINFO, and CINAHL) to identify studies with nudge-type interventions aiming to optimize prescribing decisions. To describe the behavioral determinants that interventionists aimed to influence, data were extracted according to the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF). To describe intervention techniques applied, data were extracted according to the Behavior Change Techniques (BCT) Taxonomy version 1 and MINDSPACE. Next, the recommended TDF-BCT mappings were used to appraise whether each intervention applied a sufficient array of techniques to influence all identified behavioral determinants. Results: The current review located 15 studies comprised of 20 interventions. Of the 20 interventions, 16 interventions (80%) were effective. The behavior change techniques most often applied involved prompts (n = 13). The MINDSPACE contextual influencer most often applied involved defaults (n = 10). According to the recommended TDF-BCT mappings, only two interventions applied a sufficient array of behavior change techniques to address the behavioral determinants the interventionists aimed to influence. Conclusion: The fact that so many interventions successfully changed prescriber behavior encourages the development of future behavior change interventions to optimize prescribing without mandates or financial incentives. The current review encourages interventionists to understand the behavioral determinants they are trying to affect, before the selection and application of techniques to change prescribing behaviors. Systematic Review Registration: [https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/], identifier [CRD42020168006]

Duty to Protect: Enhancing the Federal Framework to Prevent Childhood Lead Poisoning and Exposure to Environmental Harm

Scientific evidence indisputably demonstrates that lead poisoning causes permanent neurological damage and numerous co-morbidities for children and adults. Exposure to lead hazards irreversibly harms individuals and, left unchecked, can devastate communities into the future. In recognition of these threats, the President\u27s Task Force on Environmental Health Risks and Safety Risks to Children (Task Force) was established by Executive Order in 1997. The original Task Force created the first coordinated federal response to eliminate childhood lead poisoning in the United States and set an ambitious ten-year timeline to achieve its goals of prevention, treatment, research, and progress management

Health Justice Strategies to Eradicate Lead Poisoning: An Urgent Call to Safeguard Future Generations

Despite over a century of evidence that lead is a neurotoxin that causes irreparable harm, today, lead continues to pervade children\u27s environments and remains a constant threat to health and wellbeing. One in three homes across the United States housing children under the age of six has significant lead-based paint hazards that place occupants at risk of permanent neurological harm and lifelong poor health risks. Federal, state, and local governments must use a range of primary prevention strategies in order to fully eradicate the risks and protect children from lead poisoning. This Article provides a comprehensive examination of best practices for addressing lead poisoning and proposes urgent reform measures at the local and state levels. Successful interventions ultimately prioritize health justice strategies and rely on community ownership and cross-sector participation; dedicate significant resources and funding to completely eliminate lead in the environment; and prioritize primary prevention practices that identify lead-based paint hazards before children are exposed

Duty to Protect: Enhancing the Federal Framework to Prevent Childhood Lead Poisoning and Exposure to Environmental Harm

Scientific evidence indisputably demonstrates that lead poisoning causes permanent neurological damage and numerous co-morbidities for children and adults. Exposure to lead hazards irreversibly harms individuals and, left unchecked, can devastate communities into the future. In recognition of these threats, the President\u27s Task Force on Environmental Health Risks and Safety Risks to Children (Task Force) was established by Executive Order in 1997. The original Task Force created the first coordinated federal response to eliminate childhood lead poisoning in the United States and set an ambitious ten-year timeline to achieve its goals of prevention, treatment, research, and progress management. However, the most recent Task Force retreated from these bold goals. Rather than eliminating lead poisoning, in 2018 the Task Force sought merely to reduce it. This Article provides a comprehensive overview of the dangers of lead exposure, details the federal government\u27s evolving response to lead poisoning, and, for the first time, disseminates previously unpublished comments on Drafting a New Federal Strategy to Reduce Childhood Lead Exposures and Impacts, submitted to the Task Force in 2017, ahead of its most recent report. By providing these comments publicly, this Article creates a record of critical recommendations to the Task Force, provides best practices for the federal government\u27s response to lead poisoning, and encourages federal policymakers to take the necessary steps to meet the original goal of eradicating lead hazards and protecting children from lead poisoning