42 research outputs found

    TRSP is dispensable for the Plasmodium pre-erythrocytic phase

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    Plasmodium sporozoites deposited in the skin following a mosquito bite must migrate and invade blood vessels to complete their development in the liver. Once in the bloodstream, sporozoites arrest in the liver sinusoids, but the molecular determinants that mediate this specific homing are not yet genetically defined. Here we investigate the involvement of the thrombospondin-related sporozoite protein (TRSP) in this process using knockout Plasmodium berghei parasites and in vivo bioluminescence imaging in mice. Resorting to a homing assay, trsp knockout sporozoites were found to arrest in the liver similar to control parasites. Moreover, we found no defects in the establishment of infection in mice following inoculation of trsp knockout sporozoites via intravenous and cutaneous injection or mosquito bite. Accordingly, mutant sporozoites were also able to successfully invade hepatocytes in vitro. Altogether, these results suggest TRSP may have a redundant role in the completion of the pre-erythrocytic phase of the malaria parasite. Nonetheless, identifying molecules with paramount roles in this phase could aid in the search for new antigens needed for the design of a protective vaccine against malaria.We would like to thank: Prof. Anabela Cordeiro da Silva from the IBMC/i3S for the exceptional hosting conditions; Dr. Ana Xavier Carvalho from the IBMC/i3S for the critical reading of the manuscript; the team of the CEPIA from Institut Pasteur, Paris, for providing the Anopheles stephensi female mosquitos. The following reagents were obtained through BEI Resources, NIAID, NIH: (a) Plasmid pL0001, for Transfection in Plasmodium berghei, MRA-770, contributed by Andrew P. Waters; (b) Hybridoma 3D11 Anti-Plasmodium berghei 44-Kilodalton Sporozoite Surface Protein (Pb44), MRA-100, contributed by Victor Nussenzweig. This work was supported by funds from project Norte-01-0145-FEDER-000012 - Structured program on bioengineered therapies for infectious diseases and tissue regeneration, supported by Norte Portugal Regional Operational Programme (NORTE 2020), under the PORTUGAL 2020 Partnership Agreement, through FEDER. This work also received funds from the Funda莽茫o para a Ci锚ncia e Tecnologia (FCT)/Minist茅rio da Educa莽茫o e Ci锚ncia (MEC) co-funded by FEDER (EXPL/JTAVARES-IF/00881/2012/CP0158/CT0005,EXPL/IMI-MIC/1331/ 2013) under the Partnership agreement PT2020, through the Research Unit No. 4293. J.T. is an Investigator FCT funded by National funds through FCT and co-funded through European Social Fund within the Human Potential Operating Programme. D.M.C., M.S. and A.R.T. are funded by FCT individual fellowships SFRH/ BD/123734/2016, SFRH/BD/133485/2017 and SFRH/BD/133276/2017 respectively). The authors acknowledge the support of the BioSciences Screening i3S Scientific Platform, member of the PPBI (PPBI-POCI-01-0145-FEDER-022122)

    UV cross-linked polyvinylpyrrolidone electrospun fibres as antibacterial surfaces

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    Many bacteria become progressively more resistant to antibiotics and it remains a challenging task to control their overall levels. Polymers combined with active biomolecules come to the forefront for the design of antibacterial materials that can address this encounter. In this work, we investigated the photo-crosslinking approach of UV-sensitive benzophenone molecule (BP) with polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) polymer within electrospun fibres. The BP and PVP solutions allowed fabricating polymer mats that were subsequently functionalised with antibacterial lysozyme. The physical properties of the crosslinked electrospun fibres were investigated by scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. The average diameter of the obtained fibres decreased from 290 卤 50 nm to 270 卤 70 nm upon the addition of the crosslinking molecules and then to 240 卤 80 nm and 180 卤 90 nm after subsequent crosslinking reaction at an increasing time: 3 and 5 h, respectively. The peak force quantitative nanomechanical mapping (PF-QNM) indicated the increase of DMT modulus of obtained cross-linked fibres from 4.1 卤 0.8 GPa to 7.2 卤 0.5 GPa. Furthermore, the successful crosslinking reaction of PVP and BP solution into hydrogels was investigated in terms of examining photo-crosslinking mechanism and was confirmed by rheology, Raman, Fourier transform infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance. Finally, lysozyme was successfully encapsulated within cross-linked PVP-BP hydrogels and these were successfully electrospun into mats which were found to be as effective antibacterial agents as pure lysozyme molecules. The dissolution rate of photo cross-linked PVP mats was observed to increase in comparison to pure PVP electrospun mats which opened a potential route for their use as antibacterial, on-demand, dissolvable coatings for various biomedical applications

    Current situation and development possibilities of organic agriculture in Podkarpacie region

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    W okresie dynamicznego rozwoju rolnictwa ekologicznego coraz wyra藕niej zarysowuje si臋 potrzeba bada艅 nad tym systemem gospodarowania. W Polsce powierzchnia gospodarstw ekologicznych przekroczy艂a ostatnio 1% u偶ytk贸w rolnych. Jednak przy zachowaniu obecnego tempa rozwoju istnieje szansa, 偶e nied艂ugo mo偶liwe b臋dzie zwi臋kszenie powierzchni gospodarstw ekologicznych do poziomu istniej膮cego ju偶 w innych krajach europejskich. Polska jako kraj o do艣膰 dobrych walorach rolniczej przestrzeni produkcyjnej oraz bezcennym, czystym 艣rodowisku ma szans臋 sta膰 si臋 jednym z najwi臋kszych producent贸w 偶ywno艣ci ekologicznej w Unii Europejskiej. Do niedawna s艂aba, w powszechnym mniemaniu, strona polskiego rolnictwa, jak膮 by艂a niska wydajno艣膰 produkcji, mo偶e sta膰 si臋 jego szans膮. Ekologicznie czyste sk艂adniki rolniczej przestrzeni produkcyjnej, b臋d膮ce rzadko艣ci膮 na terenie kraj贸w tzw. "starej" Unii Europejskiej, na Podkarpaciu cz臋sto dominuj膮. Wyniki bada艅 ankietowych przeprowadzonych w艣r贸d rolnik贸w ekologicznych i konwencjonalnych, wskazuj膮 na mo偶liwo艣ci rozwoju rolnictwa ekologicznego na terenie wojew贸dztwa podkarpackiego. B臋dzie to mo偶liwe dzi臋ki coraz wi臋kszej 艣wiadomo艣ci konsumenta, wykorzystaniu 艣rodk贸w pomocowych Unii Europejskiej dla rolnictwa oraz umiej臋tnemu odnalezieniu si臋 na ci膮gle jeszcze dla polskich rolnik贸w nowym rynku unijnym.In times of rapid development of organic farming there is a need to investigate how the situation within is changing. In Poland, area of organic farming reached already 1%. If maintaining this rate of increase Poland soon will be able to reach average European Union share in total organic farmland. Particularly podkarpackie voivodeship is a region of Poland with relatively good condition for agriculture production and priceless values of pure, natural environment. In coming future Polish agriculture will face the chance to become one of the largest suppliers of organic food in Europe. Up to recent times, weak points (in common opinion) of farming system turned into advantages. Comparatively extensive agriculture is the reason why natural environment survived in such good condition. Today Podkarpacie region is abundant in biodiversity, which is in short in majority European countries. That's a good forecast to the future of organic agriculture in the Podkarpacie region. The results of this thesis reveal the possibility of development of organic farming in podkarpackie voivodeship. Rising consumer awareness and taking advantages of subsidies and skilled dealing with market reality is expected as a chance for farmers. Above manners of development combined together may dynamise mutual beneficial cooperation between mankind and nature

    The incidence of pyogenic staphylococci resistant to the action of sublimate

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    Barkershops as a possible link in the epidemiological chain of some infectious diseases

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    Opportunities for the development of organic farming system in the Podlaskie province (region of wysokomazowiecki district)

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    W okresie dynamicznie zwi臋kszaj膮cej si臋 liczby gospodarstw i przetw贸rni ekologicznych w Polsce, wyra藕nie zarysowuje si臋 potrzeba prowadzenia bada艅 nad dalsz膮 mo偶liwo艣ci膮 rozwoju TEGO systemu gospodarowania, jak r贸wnie偶 nad barierami, kt贸re taki rozw贸j hamuj膮. Celem pracy jest analiza stanu rozwoju ekologicznego systemu gospodarowania oraz wskazanie zakresu koniecznych dzia艂a艅 u艂atwiaj膮cych dalszy rozw贸j tego systemu na terenie wojew贸dztwa podlaskiego. Badania ankietowe prowadzono, w latach 2008-2010, we wszystkich, tj. 17 gospodarstwach ekologicznych powiatu wysokomazowieckiego oraz w 33 gospodarstwach ekologicznych, zlokalizowanych w gminach s膮siaduj膮cych z powiatem wysokomazowieckim na terenie wojew贸dztwa podlaskiego. W艣r贸d ankietowanych gospodarstw 39 posiada艂o certyfikat, a 11 by艂o w trakcie konwersji. Ponadto w celu lepszego okre艣lenia uwarunkowa艅 produkcji rolnej badaniem ankietowym obj臋to r贸wnie偶 101 gospodarstw konwencjonalnych wybranych losowo we wszystkich gminach powiatu wysokomazowieckiego. Uzyskane wyniki bada艅 wskazuj膮, 偶e w powiecie wysokomazowieckim wyst臋puj膮 znaczne predyspozycje 艣rodowiskowe i spo艂eczne dla rozwoju rolnictwa ekologicznego. Powa偶nym utrudnieniem w rozwoju gospodarstw ekologicznych jest brak integracji w艣r贸d rolnik贸w ekologicznych, niedostateczna wiedza oraz brak wsparcia ze strony doradc贸w. Problemem jest tak偶e brak predyspozycji rynkowych. Rozwi膮zaniem kwestii braku rynku zbytu produkt贸w ekologicznych i infrastruktury rynkowej mo偶e by膰 systemowe wdra偶anie produkcji mleka ekologicznego przez gospodarstwa w powi膮zaniu z wykorzystaniem potencja艂u rynkowego podlaskich mleczarni.In the rapidly growing number of organic farms and processing plants in Poland, there is a need for research on the development of this management system as well as the barriers that impede this development. The paper describes the development of organic farming system and an indication of the scope of necessary action to facilitate the further development of this system in the Podlaskie province. The survey study was conducted in 2008-2010, in all 17 organic farms located in wysokomazowieckie county, and in another 33 organic farms located in neighboring municipalities to the wysokomazowiecki county in Podlaskie Province. Among all 50 farms certified had been 39 and 11 had been in the course of conversion process. Furthermore, in order to better determine the conditions of agricultural production 101 randomly selected conventional farms located in wysokomazowiecki district were also surveyed. The results indicate that in the wysokomazowiecki district there are significant environmental and social predispositions for the development of organic farming. The lack of integration among organic farmers, lack of adequate knowledge and support from advisers extension service is a major obstacle in the development of organic farms. The problem is also in the lack of predisposition on the market. The solution of the lack of market for organic products and market infrastructure. Systematic implementation of organic milk production by holding in conjunction with the market potential of dairies in Podlasie may be the solution of the lack of market for organic products and market infrastructure

    Effect of human chorionic gonadotropin on uterine blood flow in intact and ovariectomized gilts

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    Wykorzystanie i ocena doradztwa w艣r贸d polskich rolnik贸w ekologicznych

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    Organic farming is a system of agricultural production, in which a particularly strong emphasis is put on the use of natural biological processes taking place on the farm. Farming with the use of organic methods requires farmers to have extensive knowledge and to apply appropriate agricultural practices. The aim was to assess the existing advisory service and to identify the needs of developing particular guidance aspects that support the expansion of agriculture and rural areas. For this purpose, a survey has been conducted among 100 organic farmers and 17 persons providing the extension service in the field of organic farming. The results allow us to conclude that organic farmers evaluate the existing agricultural extension fairly positively and use such assistance eagerly, but the further development is required, both in terms of quality and quantity corresponding to the needs and requirements of farmers.Rolnictwo ekologiczne to system produkcji rolnej, w kt贸rym szczeg贸lnie silny nacisk k艂adziony jest na wykorzystanie naturalnych proces贸w biologicznych zachodz膮cych w obr臋bie gospodarstwa. Gospodarowanie metodami ekologicznymi wymaga od rolnik贸w du偶ej wiedzy oraz odpowiedniej praktyki rolniczej. Celem by艂a ocena istniej膮cego doradztwa oraz wskazanie potrzeb rozwijania poszczeg贸lnych dziedzin poradnictwa wspieraj膮cych rozw贸j rolnictwa i obszar贸w wiejskich. W tym celu przeprowadzono badania ankietowe w艣r贸d 100 rolnik贸w ekologicznych oraz 17 os贸b zajmuj膮cych si臋 doradztwem w zakresie rolnictwa ekologicznego. Wyniki bada艅 pozwalaj膮 stwierdzi膰, 偶e rolnicy ekologiczni do艣膰 pozytywnie oceniaj膮 istniej膮ce doradztwo rolnicze i ch臋tnie korzystaj膮 z jego pomocy, jednak偶e niezb臋dny jest dalszy rozw贸j w tym zakresie zar贸wno pod wzgl臋dem ilo艣ciowym jak i jako艣ciowym odpowiadaj膮cy na potrzeby i wymagania rolnik贸w
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