A novel cannulation technique for difficult urethral catheterization

Introduction: To propose a novel cannulation technique for difficult urethral catheterization procedures. Technique: The sheath tip of an intravenous catheter is cut off, replaced to the needle tip and pushed through the distal drainage side hole to Foley catheter tip, and finally withdrawn for cannulation. In situations making urethral catheterization difficult, a guide wire is placed under direct vision. The modified Foley catheter is slid successfully over the guide wire from its distal end throughout the urethral passage into the bladder. Results: The modified Foley catheter was used successfully in our clinic in cases requiring difficult urethral catheterization. Conclusions: This easy and rapid modification of a Foley catheter may minimize the potential complications of blind catheter placement in standard catheterization

Epinephrine Injection Associated Scrotal Skin Necrosis

Male circumcision is among the most frequent surgical interventions throughout history. Although considered as a minor intervention, it may have complications ranging from insignificant to catastrophic. These complications can be attributed to the surgical procedure and anesthesia. In this report we present two cases of scrotal skin necrosis after lidocaine with epinephrine injection using subcutaneous ring block technique prior to circumcision

Whole blood viscosity and cerebral blood flow velocities in obese hypertensive or obese normotensive adolescents.

Abstract Background: Obesity affects all major organ systems and leads to increased morbidity and mortality. Whole blood viscosity is an important independent regulator of cerebral blood flow. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of whole blood viscosity on cerebral artery blood flow velocities using transcranial Doppler ultrasound in pediatric patients with obesity compared to healthy controls and analyze the effect of whole blood viscosity and blood pressure status to the cerebral artery blood flow velocities. Methods: Sixty patients with obesity diagnosed according to their body mass index (BMI) percentiles aged 13–18 years old were prospectively enrolled. They were grouped as hypertensive or normotensive according to their ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. Whole blood viscosity and middle cerebral artery velocities by transcranial Doppler ultrasound were studied and compared to 20 healthy same aged controls. Results: Whole blood viscosity values in hypertensive (0.0619 ± 0.0077 poise) and normotensive (0.0607 ± 0.0071 poise) groups were higher than controls (0.0616 ± 0.0064 poise), with no significance. Middle cerebral artery blood flow velocities were higher in the obese hypertensive (73.9 ± 15.0 cm/s) and obese normotensive groups (75.2 ± 13.5 cm/s) than controls (66.4 ± 11.5 cm/s), but with no statistical significance. Conclusions: Physiological changes in blood viscosity and changes in blood pressure did not seem to have any direct effect on cerebral blood flow velocities, the reason might be that the cerebral circulation is capable of adaptively modulating itself to changes to maintain a uniform cerebral blood flow. Keywords: adolescents; cerebral blood flow; children; hypertension; obesity; whole blood viscosity

Is leptin receptor expression triggered in the case of embryo transfer to endometrium coculture?

Background/aim: A synchronized dialogue between maternal and embryonic tissues is required for successful implantation. Low uterine receptivity is responsible for two-thirds of implantation failures and leptin is effective in the physiology of reproduction by binding to specific receptors. In this study, we investigateleptin receptor expression in cases of embryo transfer to endometrial coculture. Materials and methods: Biopsy materials were taken from 20 females with indication for coculture application and were cultured in an appropriate medium after the epithelial cells were isolated. The grown cells were cultured in chamber slides as the first group. For the second group, day 3 embryo was added to chamber slides and the development was observed. The embryo was transferred 1 or 2 days later and other cells (after the transfer process) were used to form the second group. After fixation, immunohistochemical staining was performed with anti-leptin primary antibody. Results: Regarding the coculture without embryo transfer, moderate leptin receptor immunoreactivity was seen in the perinuclear region and the cell membrane. Also, regarding the coculture with embryo transfer, moderate leptin receptor immunoreactivity was seen in the cytoplasm and strong leptin receptor immunoreactivity was seen in the cell membrane. Conclusion: Embryo transfer to endometrium coculture triggers leptin receptor expressio

Landscape heterogeneity in the Yatagan Basin (southwestern Turkey) during the middle Miocene inferred from plant macrofossils

Plant macrofossils from the lignite mines of Eskihisar, Tinaz, and Salihpasalar (Yatagan Basin, southwestern Anatolia) were investigated. The fossils were collected from marls overlying the exploited lignite seams and represent three subbasins within the main Yatagan Basin. The age of the Eskihisar lignite seam is well constrained by vertebrate fossils (MN 6, middle Miocene). Further, lithological and palynological correlation suggests that the lignite seams and overlying marls in the three lignite mines were formed at the same time. Three distinct zonal vegetation types are reflected in the local plant assemblages: (i) In Eskihisar, Fagus and evergreen Quercus mediterranea-Q. sosnowskyi communities formed important parts of the zonal vegetation along with the deciduous Quercus kubinyii; (ii) in Tinaz, Quercus sosnowskyi-Q. mediterranea-Q. drymeja communities occurred, while Fagus is rarely encountered in the macrofossil record. (iii) In Salihpasalar, Quercus mediterranea and Q. drymeja are the most abundant elements, while Fagus and Q. sosnowskyi are absent or nearly so. This demonstrates that local environmental conditions within a geographically restricted region varied and probably were controlled by slope aspects, edaphic conditions, and river drainage. Overall, the zonal vegetation is characterized by a high diversity of evergreen and deciduous oaks belonging to Quercus subgen. Cerris sect. Ilex and sect. Cerris and the local dominance of Fagus. The riparian vegetation was dominated by Populus, Salix and Acer, whereas Alnus and taxodiaceous Cupressaceae and ferns were very rare or absent. The mass occurrence of Quercus sosnowskyi in the Yatagan Basin floras is biogeographically interesting, as this distinct sclerophyllous oak has previously been known to occur only in late Miocene sediments of northern Greece and Abkhasia (Georgia)

THE ALBUMIN-GLOBULIN RATIO PREDICTING MORTALITY IN GASTRIC CARCINOMA

Introduction: The potential effects of serum albumin and albumin-globulin rate on survival were investigated in patients with gastric carcinoma