Effect of 15 days zinc loading upon zinc, lactic acid and creatine kinase levels of wrestlers

WOS: 000246955400100In order to investigate the effect of zinc loading upon the performance of the sportsmen, some wrestlers were subjected to a 15 d zinc loading and completion period training and their effects on lactic acid, zinc and creatine kinase levels were monitored at rest and after heavy exercise. The study covered 20 wrestlers in University wrestling team. The average ages of the wresters was 23.1 +/- 2.46 years for group I and 20.8 +/- 1.16 years for group II. The average weights and height of the groups I and II are 81.4 +/- 18.18 kg and 173.50 +/- 9.61 cm and 72.6 +/- 5.67 kg and 169.47 +/- 8.65 cm, respectively. The MaxVO(2) values of group I and group II were 2.82 +/- 0.20 L/min and 2.70 +/- 0.10 L/min, respectively. Group 11 (the control group) was given fruit juice during the 15 d experimental period while the Group I (the experimental group) was administered 2 mg/kg day Zn with fruit juice in the same period. The blood samples necessary for the determination of plasma zinc, lactic acid, creatine kinase and hemograms levels were taken from the. wrestlers prior to the zinc loading at resting (D1, D2) and after being subjected to a cycling exercise(D2, K2). The second stage was taking the blood samples after 15 d of loading zinc again at resting (D3, K3) and after cycling exercise (D4, K4). The arithmetic means and standard deviations of the data obtained were computed and 't' test was applied to the differences between the dependent and independent groups and the data were evaluated at p < 0.05 and < 0.01 significance level. It was determined that the administration of zinc increased the muscle strength of the wrestlers and has a positive effect against exhaustion and on performance by inhibiting the lactic acid release following a 15 d competition period training. The increased levels of zinc were both due to the administration of zinc and heavy training. However the CK levels of the wrestlers were found to be effected from the training but insensitive to zinc loading

Acute Effects of the Cellular Immune System on Aerobic and Anaerobic Exercises

WOS: 000304300200025Objective: 18 university students, who have been kept sedentary and whose ages are 21,6 years averagely, have participated, voluntarily, in this study in order to inspect for the acute responses of the immune system to the aerobic and anaerobic exercises. Method: The Max VO2 values of the volunteers were determined using the Astrand Bicycle Ergometer testing method. The volunteers were subjected to aerobic exercises using 50% of Max VO2 for a time period of 45 minutes, and then to anaerobic exercises using 120% of Max VO2 until they exhausted. In the study, venous blood samples of the volunteers were taken before exercises, immediately after the exercises and 24 hours after exercises respectively; and therefore, the levels of cellular immune, T-lymphocyte and B-lymphocyte were examined accordingly. The statistical analyses were performed using One-Way ANOVA testing method. Result: Meanwhile, whereas the differences in the levels of T-lymphocyte, B-lymphocyte and components of the cellular immune measured immediately after exercise and 24 hours after exercise were found meaningless when compared to the levels obtained prior to exercises for the aerobic exercises (p>0,05), increased levels (leukocytosis, lymphocytosis, neutrophilia, monocytosis, and B-lymphocyte) obtained immediately after the exercises, and especially the decrease in the level of T-lymphocyte were meaningful for the anaerobic type of exercises (p0,05). Conclusions: As a result, it has been assumed that intensive and exhausting type of exercises have been placing much more effect, immediately after exercise, on the elements of the cellular immune system than the moderate type of exercises, and meanwhile it might be resulted from the leukocytes those entering the circulation system from the marginating pool through demargination, and also from the damages occurring in the organism. It has been thought, on the other hand, that the decrease observed 24 hours after the exercises was caused possibly by the intensive and exhausting type of exercises those applying suppression on the components of the immune system

Some cellular immune components and C-reactive protein monitoring in female handball players during a competitive period

WOS: 000293693100014The aim of the study was to determine the effect of the competitive period training on leukocytes, some leukocyte subgroups and C-reactive protein (CRP) in sportswomen playing in the professional handball league. The average age of the group was 20.6 +/- 3.37 years, height average was 163 +/- 6.30 cm, weight average was 58.73 +/- 4.92 kg. Blood samples were taken before and after the training period of the competition. Subjects rested for 48 h until taking blood samples. Subsequently, leukocytes, some leukocyte subgroups and CRP were determined. Leukocytes and leukocyte subgroups were determined using a Roche Sismex 2000XL device. CRP was determined using Beckman immunochemistry systems in-vitro diagnostic kits and nephelometric methods (Beckman Coulter Array 360 System, USA). Statistical analysis was performed using a paired t-test. p values <0.05 were considered statistically significant. In this study no significant difference was found on WBC and granulocyte values between pre and post training period. However, significant differences in lymphocyte values were measured. After training period, lymphocytes declined (p<0.05), but no significant differences in monocyte levels were determined. CRP values after the training period were significantly decreased (p<0.05), as compared to pre training values. We can conclude that competition period training did not significantly affect the cellular immune elements, but caused a significant decrease on CRP values, which are markers in chronic inflammation

The effect of acute exercises on blood hematological parameters in handball players

This study was conducted in order to determine the influence of five-day handball competitions on hematological levels of male handball players. 12 elite male handball players with an average age of 22.16 +/- 1.85 years participated in this study on voluntary basis. Physical measurements including body height, body weight, body-mass index and body fat percentages and hematological levels of the handball players were analyzed before (BC) and after the competitions (AC). In order to determine hematological levels, blood samples with 5 ml EDTA (Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) were taken from the forearm ante-cubital area in line with hygiene rules before and after competitions, and erythrocyte, leucocytes and blood platelet parameters were analyzed in laboratory with using auto-analyzers. Measurement results were presented as average and standard deviation. Student T-test for dependant samples was used in order to make a comparison between BC and AC values. SPSS 13.0 Package software was used for data evaluation. P<0.05 value was considered to be significant. As a result of the study, the decrease in BC and AC values for body weight, body-mass index, body fat percentages, MCV, MCH, CH and LY and the increase in RBC and NE values were found significant. Conclusively, erythrocyte, leucocytes and blood platelet levels display different behaviors vis-a-vis acute competition-like exercises

Socio-demographic parameters in screening for breast cancer: Lessons from a population-based women's Health Project held in a province in Turkey

Purpose: To inform healthy women about breast cancer and screen them, as well as to look for any relationship between demographic and clinical findings and breast cance