Textile Reinforced Structural Composites for Advanced Applications

Textile-reinforced composites are increasingly used in various industries such as aerospace, construction, automotive, medicine, and sports due to their distinctive advantages over traditional materials such as metals and ceramics. Fiber-reinforced composite materials are lightweight, stiff, and strong. They have good fatigue and impact resistance. Their directional and overall properties can be tailored to fulfill specific needs of different end uses by changing constituent material types and fabrication parameters such as fiber volume fraction and fiber architecture. A variety of fiber architectures can be obtained by using two- (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) fabric production techniques such as weaving, knitting, braiding, stitching, and nonwoven methods. Each fiber architecture/textile form results in a specific configuration of mechanical and performance properties of the resulting composites and determines the end-use possibilities and product range. This chapter highlights the constituent materials, fabric formation techniques, production methods, as well as application areas of textile-reinforced composites. Fiber and matrix materials used for the production of composite materials are outlined. Various textile production methods used for the formation of textile preforms are explained. Composite fabrication methods are introduced. Engineering properties of textile composites are reviewed with regard to specific application areas. The latest developments and future challenges for textile-reinforced composites are presented

Interfacial Modification of Hemp Fiber–Reinforced Composites

Natural fiber–reinforced biocomposites are increasingly used in various industries such as automotive, construction, biomedical, and recreation, thanks to their distinctive advantages over traditional glass fiber–reinforced plastics. Natural fiber composites are sustainable, environmentally friendly, low cost, low density, and easy to process as well as have high mechanical properties. The quality of fiber-matrix interface is of critical importance since it determines the load distribution capability of the material. The interface between natural fibers and polymer resins has always been problematic because of the low compatibility between cellulose-based hydrophilic natural fibers and hydrophobic polymer resins, which leads to poor fiber-matrix adhesion and therefore inefficient load distribution between fibers and matrix. To date, several interfacial modification methods have been implemented to address this issue and improve the properties of the resulting composites. This chapter focuses on the interfacial modification of hemp fiber–based composites. First, hemp fiber structure and the nature of fiber-matrix interface were explained. Mechanisms of fiber/matrix adhesion as well as qualitative and quantitative methods for the determination of interface strength were outlined. Finally, the interface modification methods for hemp fiber–reinforced biocomposites were presented in the light of scientific literature

The effect of tuberositas tibia osteotomy on patellofemoral joint pressure: An experimental animal study

Aim: To demonstrate the decrease in patellofemoral pressure with an anterior elevation of tuberositas tibia. Therefore, we have performed Maquet’s Technique to evaluate the patella pressure on femoral trochlea by biomechanically in an animal experiment model. Methods: This study includes total of 42 knees of 21 New Zealand rabbits. Animals were divided into two groups. The first group including 21 right knees was designated as the control group. In the second group including 21 left knees, anterior elevation of tuberositas tibia (Maquet’s technique) was performed. Pressure measuring film layer “prescala” (Fujifilm, Japan) was placed on the patellofemoral joint under anesthesia in both groups. Mean values of both average and maximal pressure measurements in two groups were compared. Results: There is a statistically significant difference in between average pressure and maximum pressure in the right and left legs of the rabbits. Average pressure and maximal pressure at rabbit knees performed Maquet’s procedure were significantly lower than knees without Maquet’s procedure. Conclusion: Anterior elevation of tuberositas tibia is successful in reducing patellofemoral joint pressure which can be used in cases with patellofemoral pain syndrome non-responding to conservative treatment

Antioxidant effect of Abelmoschus Esculentus against acetaminophen-induced nephrotoxicity: an experimental study

Acetaminophen(APAP) intoxication is an important cause of nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity. N-acetylcysteine(NAC) is used in the treatment, but it has some serious side effects. Abelmoschus esculentus(AE) has various benefits as well as antioxidant effects. This study aims to investigate the effect of AE in APAP-induced acute nephrotoxicity. Forty male Wistar rats were divided into five equal groups: Control, AE, APAP, APAP+AE, and APAP+AE+NAC. Significant changes were observed in serum levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin(NGAL) and Kidney Injury Molecule-1(KIM-1) after induction with APAP. NGAL and KIM-1 in the AE group remained low compared to those receiving APAP (p=0.022 and p0.001, respectively). When the APAP group was compared with the AE and AE+NAC groups, it was found that even the administration of AE alone significantly decreased NGAL and KIM-1(p=0.036 vs.p=0.029 and p0.001 vs. p0.001, respectively), these results were attributed to the effects of AE on reducing MDA and increasing SOD. Histopathological studies also confirmed these results. These results demonstrated that AE had protective and therapeutic effects on APAP-induced nephrotoxicity. This benefit of AE is due to its antioxidant effect. In addition, AE may also increase the regenerative capacity of the kidney, which APAP reduces

Possible Logistic and Sociodemographyc Factors on Breast Cancer Screening in Turkey: Lessons from a Women's Health Project in Mersin Province

Mortality from breast cancer is decreasing partly owing to early detection. In Mersin province in our country, local health authorities launched an education program on sexual diseases and breast cancer early detection for women over 15 years of age. After the educational session, clinical breast examination was offered by a nurse or physician, and if suspicious they were recommended to apply a specialist for further examination. Here, we report the results on those women with abnormal clinical breast examination. In this second project, socio-demographic variables were investigated such as educational level and place of living, parameters to measure the success of previous project, whether they followed the recommendation themselves, whether mammograms were reported in accordance with Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BIRADS). Of 3,793 women recruited, mean age was 42.2 years, 42.3% were younger than 40.0 years. Majority (88.5%) were married, graduate of primary school (60.6%), without a job (91.2%), and inhabiting in the province (38.7%). Of the population, 98.1% believe in the importance of screening in the treatment of breast cancer. According to 70.3%, monthly breast self-examination enables early detection, 33.5% believe that clinical breast examination detects cancer early, and 35.5% think that annual mammography can detect it early. Among 2,183 women 40 years of age or over, 41.5% had mammography at once before participating in the first project. Breast self-examination was being carried out by 56.6% on a monthly basis. After an abnormal breast examination, 86.4% applied to hospitals for specialist examination. Reasons for declining to seek for further examination among 410 women answering were as follows: 42.0% did not accept, 27.0% did not know it was important, 16.6% because of economical reasons, and 5.0% were too shy to be examined. Being older, being married, being the graduate of primary and secondary school, residing in rural areas, having a mammogram positively affected the decision in univariate analyses ( < 0.05). All but educational level ( = 0.059) remained significant in multivariate analysis. Mammography was reported in accordance with BIRADS in only 45 (1.2%). Awareness of population on breast cancer early detection can be raised through education. Generally, women follow professional recommendation from professionals. Mammography reporting among radiologist in accordance with BIRADS is rare. Successful early detection of breast cancer may be obtained by public education together with improving detection methods

No-Reference Evaluation of 3 Dimensional Video Quality Using Spatial and Frequency Domain Components

26th IEEE Signal Processing and Communications Applications Conference (SIU) -- MAY 02-05, 2018 -- Izmir, TURKEYWOS: 000511448500176Video Quality Assessment (VQA) plays an important role both for evaluating the performance of the transmitter-receiver system and for delivering the video in an efficient manner via the feedback it provides to the transmitter side. Full Reference (FR) VQA metrics currently utilized in the literature are not too efficient during the applications due to the requirement of the original video sequence at the receiver side. Therefore, the tendency of the researchers is recently on to develop Reduced Reference (RR) or No-Reference (NR) VKD metrics. In this paper, a NR VKD metric considering spatial and frequency domain components of the color and depth map based 3 Dimensional (3D) video important for Human Visual System (HVS) is developed. Canny operator which is an efficient algorithm to extract edge information is used to obtain the components in the spatial domain. Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) is exploited to obtain the components in the frequency domain. The efficient results obtained show that the proposed algorithm is capable of superseding the FR metrics existing in the literature.IEEE, Huawei, Aselsan, NETAS, IEEE Turkey Sect, IEEE Signal Proc Soc, IEEE Commun Soc, ViSRATEK, Adresgezgini, Rohde & Schwarz, Integrated Syst & Syst Design, Atilim Univ, Havelsan, Izmir Katip Celebi Uni

STRUCTURAL DEPTH ESTIMATION VIA DEPTH MAPS OF 3 DIMENSIONAL VIDEOS

24th Signal Processing and Communication Application Conference (SIU) -- MAY 16-19, 2016 -- Zonguldak, TURKEYWOS: 0003912509002263-Dimensional (3D) Video Quality Assessment (VQA) has been an important area for researchers working in this area. The reason is there isn't any well accepted and standardized VQA method for 3 Dimensional (3D) as for 2-Dimensional (2D) video. Depth perception assessment (DPE) is the most critical part of 3D VQA because of visual realism. Subjective tests are currently in use for the 3D VQA because there aren't any 3D VQA algorithms for measuring this perception accepted by researchers in literature. Subjective tests are not ergonomic methods from the stand point of time and cost. Therefore, it is quite important to develop objective 3D VQA metrics for predicting the depth perception of users. The VQA algorithms developed without using a reference video is called No-Reference (NR) metrics in literature and they are considered efficient compared to the other metrics. In this study, Depth Maps (DM) in 2D+depth based 3D videos are utilized to measure Structural Average Depth (SAD) in a NR manner. The results of this study presents that the YOD algorithm can be considered as a part of a 3D VQA metric assessing the depth perception and approved by researchers.IEEE, Bulent Ecevit Univ, Dept Elect & Elect Engn, Bulent Ecevit Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, Bulent Ecevit Univ, Dept Comp Eng

A depth perception evaluation metric for immersive user experience towards 3D multimedia services

NUR YILMAZ, Gokce/0000-0002-0015-9519WOS: 000468605800007The interest of users towards three-dimensional (3D) video is gaining momentum due to the recent breakthroughs in 3D video entertainment, education, network, etc. technologies. In order to speed up the advancement of these technologies, monitoring quality of experience of the 3D video, which focuses on end user's point of view rather than service-oriented provisions, becomes a central concept among the researchers. Thanks to the stereoscopic viewing ability of human visual system (HVS), the depth perception evaluation of the 3D video can be considered as one of the most critical parts of this central concept. Due to the lack of efficiently and widely utilized objective metrics in literature, the depth perception assessment can currently only be ensured by cost and time-wise troublesome subjective measurements. Therefore, a no-reference objective metric, which is highly effective especially for on the fly depth perception assessment, is developed in this paper. Three proposed algorithms (i.e., Z direction motion, structural average depth and depth deviation) significant for the HVS to perceive the depth of the 3D video are integrated together while developing the proposed metric. Considering the outcomes of the proposed metric, it can be clearly stated that the provision of better 3D video experience to the end users can be accelerated in a timely fashion for the Future Internet multimedia services